Programas de intervención dietética para la pérdida de peso en edades de 2 a 17 años. Revisión sistemática

Introducción: Por la creciente prevalencia de la obesidad en la infancia y/o adolescencia, deben existir suficientes programas de intervención para combatirla. Objetivo: identificar y comparar los distintos tipos de programas de intervención en niños y adolescentes, para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en España y en otros países. Método: se realizó una búsqueda con las palabras clave “Obesity” AND “Diet” AND “intervention” en tres bases de datos documentales: Pubmed, EBSCO, Scielo. Criterios de inclusión: edad de la muestra (2-17 años, basado en el estudio Enkid), que el programa de intervención incluyera dieta, ensayos clínicos publicados entre el enero de 2.010 y abril de 2014, cuya fuente sean revistas científicas indexadas. Resultados: se han analizado 490 artículos, de los cuales sólo fueron seleccionados 13 artículos. El 85 % de los programas intervención son aplicados fuera de España; sólo el 23 % fueron realizadas en ambiente escolar; el 70% de las intervenciones fueron llevadas a cabo en niños menores de 12 años; el 62% de las investigaciones destacan el uso de la intervención multidisciplinar (dieta, ejercicio y en ocasiones, cambios de conducta); y se muestra una oscilación en la duración de estas intervenciones entre 3 y 24 meses. Discusión: se han encontrado pocas intervenciones a nivel nacional, en participantes obesos y se diferencia dos tipos de intervenciones, a corto y largo plazo. Conclusiones: se recomienda promover programas de intervención de pérdida de peso en España, sobre todo en centros docentes. El uso exclusivo de dieta, ha resultado efectiva a corto plazo. Y a largo plazo, la intervención multidisciplinar obtiene mejores resultados de pérdida, sobre todo de masa grasa.

The steel industry in the European Union: Composition and drivers of energy prices and costs. CEPS Special Report No. 80, 17 December 2013

This report assesses the energy costs borne by the steel industry in the EU between 2010 and 2012, and compares the energy costs, including both the energy components and other regulatory costs, to production costs, turnover and margins of steel-makers. The estimates of energy costs are based on primary sources, i.e. is on information provided by steel-makers through a written questionnaire. This information was validated by the research team by checking annual energy bills, when available, and other public sources. In this respect, this exercise represents a unique fact-based investigation into the costs of energy for steel-makers in Europe, whereas most of the information currently available in the public domain is based on secondary or statistical information. In 2012, the median EU steel plant pays about €33/MWh for gas, up from €26/MWh in 2010. As for electricity, in 2012 the EU median plant pays €62/MWh, up from €59/MWh in 2010. The report also includes a comparison with the prices of energy carriers paid by producers based in the US.

Data compilation of ESOP

The work in this sub-project of ESOP focuses on the advective and convective transforma-tion of water masses in the Greenland Sea and its neighbouring areas. It includes observational work on the sub-mesoscale and analysis of hydrographic data up to the gyre-scale. Observations of active convective plumes were made with a towed chain equipped with up to 80 CTD sensors, giving a horizontal and vertical resolution of the hydrographic fields of a few metres. The observed scales of the penetrative convective plumes compare well with those given by theory. On the mesoscale the structure of homogeneous eddies formed as a result of deep convection was observed and the associated mixing and renewal of the intermediate layers quantified. The relative importance and efficiency of thermal and haline penetrative convection in relation to the surface boundary conditions (heat and salt fluxes and ice cover) and the ambient stratification are studied using the multi year time series of hydro-graphic data in the central Greenland Sea. The modification of the water column of the Greenland Sea gyre through advection from and mixing with water at its rim is assessed on longer time scales. The relative contributions are quantified using modern water mass analysis methods based on inverse techniques. Likewise the convective renewal and the spreading of the Arctic Intermediate Water from its formation area is quantified. The aim is to budget the heat and salt content of the water column, in particular of the low salinity surface layer, and to relate its seasonal and interannual variability to the lateral fluxes and the fluxes at the air-sea-ice interface. This will allow to estimate residence times for the different layers of the Greenland Sea gyre, a quantity important for the description of the Polar Ocean carbon cycle.

FAA air traffic control computer modernization [microform] : hearings before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation, and Materials of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, June 16, 17, and 18, 1981.

"No. 12."

Organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual for machine gun, 7.62-mm, M60 w/e (1005-00-605-7710), mount, tripod, machine gun, 7.62-mm, M122 (1005-00-710-5599), and machine gun, 7.62-mm, M60D w/e (1005-00-909-3002).

Includes index.

The Beacon, April 17, 2006

Vol. 18, Issue 60, 12 pages

Global compilation of benthic data sets I

Approaches to quantify the organic carbon accumulation on a global scale generally do not consider the small-scale variability of sedimentary and oceanographic boundary conditions along continental margins. In this study, we present a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments (<5 cm sediment depth). It is based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources. Global TOC distribution was determined by the application of a combined qualitative and quantitative-geostatistical method. Overall, 33 benthic TOC-based provinces were defined and used to process the global distribution pattern of the TOC content in surface sediments in a 1°x1° grid resolution. Regional dependencies of data points within each single province are expressed by modeled semi-variograms. Measured and estimated TOC values show good correlation, emphasizing the reasonable applicability of the method. The accumulation of organic carbon in marine surface sediments is a key parameter in the control of mineralization processes and the material exchange between the sediment and the ocean water. Our approach will help to improve global budgets of nutrient and carbon cycles.