Gasto social y equidad en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Allometric growth of non-carcass components in crossed lambs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modos de aplicação e reaplicação de calcário nas culturas de milho e soja em plantio direto: Efeito residual

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Desenvolvimento inicial de clones IAC de seringueira em São José do Rio Preto, SP

In this study the development of four clones (IAC 35; 40; 300 e 301) of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg.] selected by Instituto Agronômico de Campinas were evaluated during the first 24 months of cultivation. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and four plants for parcel following the 1.5mx1.0m spacing at São José do Rio Preto, SP. The clone RRIM 600 was used as check. The variables analyzed were the trunk girth, the number of matured whorl, the photosynthesis rate and the concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids. At the end of the experiment the values of trunk girth at 0.5m above the budgrafting union varied from 5.85 cm (IAC 301) to 10.53 cm (IAC 300) and the mean number of matured whorl varied from 2.58 (IAC 301) to 3.91 (RRIM 600). During the dry season, when the plants were 22 month old, the mean value of photosynthesis rate of IAC 40 and IAC 301 (12mol m-2 s-1) were lower compared to the other clones (15mol m-2 s-1). The chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids concentrations were equal or superior to the check, never lower. Considering the variables analyzed, excluding the IAC 301, the other clones show performance comparable to RRIM 600.

A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Stand-level patterns of carbon fluxes and partitioning in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation across a gradient of productivity, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Wood production represents a large but variable fraction of gross primary production (GPP) in highly productive Eucalyptus plantations. Assessing patterns of carbon (C) partitioning (C flux as a fraction of GPP) between above- and belowground components is essential to understand mechanisms driving the C budget of these plantations. Better knowledge of fluxes and partitioning to woody and non-woody tissues in response to site characteristics and resource availability could provide opportunities to increase forest productivity. Our study aimed at investigating how C allocation varied within one apparently homogeneous 90 ha stand of Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden) in Southeastern Brazil. We assessed annual above-ground net primary production (ANPP: stem, leaf, and branch production) and total belowground C flux (TBCF: the sum of root production and respiration and mycorrhizal production and respiration), GPP (computed as the sum of ANPP, TBCF and estimated aboveground respiration) on 12 plots representing the gradient of productivity found within the stand. The spatial heterogeneity of topography and associated soil attributes across the stand likely explained this fertility gradient. Component fluxes of GPP and C partitioning were found to vary among plots. Stem NPP ranged from 554 g C m(-2) year(-1) on the plot with lowest GPP to 923 g C m(-2) year(-1) on the plot with highest GPP. Total belowground carbon flux ranged from 497 to 1235 g C m(-2) year(-1) and showed no relationship with ANPP or GPP. Carbon partitioning to stem NPP increased from 0.19 to 0.23, showing a positive trend of increase with GPP (R-2 = 0.29, P = 0.07). Variations in stem wood production across the gradient of productivity observed at our experimental site were a result of the variability in C partitioning to different forest system components.

Para além das grades e punições: uma revisão sistemática sobre a saúde penitenciária

A systematic review of scientific production on Prison Health was conducted, seeking to verify how the subject matter has been dealt with, establishing which is the most exploited focus and identifying possible gaps. The search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library. 1160 articles were located: 1104 on MEDLINE, 19 on LILACS and 37 on SciELO, published from 1993 to 2010. As MEDLINE and LILACS do not show the entire articles, the places, dates and languages of the texts were charted. In-depth analysis was restricted to works which were shown in their entirety and free of charge hosted on SciELO. It revealed that scientific production is present all over the world with a predominantly quantitative approach. It focuses on identifying the socio-demographic profile and health conditions of prisoners, the incidence of tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis C virus infections. There is a predominance of studies carried out with male prisoners, in comparison with the female sex. It is clear that prisoner health is a public health problem on the rise, which demands research that can orient health policies and strategies.

L'insediamento medievale tra storia e archeologia: dal saltopiano al vicariato di galleria (IX-XIV secolo)

La tesi si pone come finalità quella di analizzare un comprensorio territoriale dal punto di vista insediativo, cercando di coglierne le peculiarità e i mutamenti nel lungo periodo attraverso un uso incrociato di fonti scritte e archeologiche. La ricerca ha preso avvio dall’analisi del Saltopiano, uno dei distretti di ambito rurale che si ritrova nelle fonti tra IX-XII secolo, in passato già affrontato dalla storiografia specialmente in relazione all’organizzazione istituzionale delle aree rurali tra Longobardia e Romania durante i secoli altomedievali. Attraverso l’esame delle fonti scritte edite si è cercato di ricostruire il quadro dell’organizzazione territoriale, partendo dalla disamina dei centri di potere laici ed ecclesiastici che a questa area avevano rivolto il proprio interesse patrimoniale e politico, ma proponendo in modo analitico i dati che forniscono indicazioni dirette in relazione all’organizzazione insediativa e quindi alla gestione del territorio dal punto di vista socioeconomico. E’ stato posto in risalto il carattere di un insediamento rurale a maglie larghe, secondo la scansione in fundi e la presenza di poli di accentramento importanti come pievi, castra, vici e con una compresenza, per quanto ristretta a pochi esempi significativi, di altre forme di organizzazione come la curtis e la massa. Con la prosecuzione dello studio del territorio in senso diacronico, prima la scomparsa del riferimento al Saltopiano, poi la progressiva conquista del contado da parte del Comune di Bologna ha determinato un vero e proprio mutamento nell’approccio di analisi. E’ stato dato spazio all’analisi di fondi inediti (conservati principalmente all’Archivio di Stato di Bologna) e specificamente legati alla realtà territoriale studiata. In primo luogo, sono stati esaminati gli estimi del contado (Galliera e Massumatico), una fonte già frequentata in passato da altri studiosi, soprattutto con un interesse dal punto di vista demografico e economico. Nel caso specifico, sono stati estrapolati dalle prime rilevazioni fiscali del 1235 e del 1245 e poi da quelle di primo Trecento i dati che restituiscono l’organizzazione del territorio in modo concreto. Partendo dalle riflessioni di studi svolti in passato, che avevano considerato il fondamentale inserimento di importanti famiglie cittadine nella gestione sempre più ampia dei beni agricoli nel contado è stata avviata l’analisi di un altro fondo inedito, quello dei registri del Vicariato di Galliera (in particolare quelli concernenti la denuncia dei “danni dati” sulle proprietà agricole), da cui emerge in modo evidente la presenza di famiglie come i Guastavillani, i Caccianemici, i Lambertini. Tali dati, in associazione a quelli tratti dagli estimi, hanno fornito elementi essenziali per la comprensione del territorio rurale nel suo complesso e nei rapporti di interdipendenza tra le diverse componenti sociali. Una terza parte della tesi è dedicata nella sua totalità all’analisi delle fonti materiali che forniscono dati per lo studio dell’insediamento medievale nel territorio compreso tra gli attuali comuni di S. Pietro in Casale e Galliera. Partendo da alcune ricerche preliminari compiute negli anni ’90 del secolo scorso, è stato impostato un progetto di ricerca archeologica articolatosi in due campagne di ricognizione di superficie e in una prima campagna di scavo tramite sondaggio presso la torre di Galliera, al fine di ricavare dati di prima mano in un’area pressoché inesplorata dal punto di vista archeologico. Nonostante i limiti riscontrati dal punto di vista pratico, a causa del terreno fortemente alluvionato, si sono raccolti dati specifici che aiutano a inquadrare questo comprensorio e a confrontarlo con altre aree della regione e in particolare del comitato bolognese studiate in ricerche analoghe, mettendone in evidenza le specificità e le caratterizzazioni. Inoltre, alcune importanti persistenze materiali (un sistema di torri di cui rimangono alcuni esempi ancora conservati in alzato) hanno permesso di gettare luce sul valore commerciale e quindi strategico dell’area, soprattutto in funzione del passaggio delle merci lungo una via fluviale fondamentale tra XIII-XIV secolo nel collegare Ferrara a Bologna.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Network-on-Chip Communication Protocols and Architectures

The scale down of transistor technology allows microelectronics manufacturers such as Intel and IBM to build always more sophisticated systems on a single microchip. The classical interconnection solutions based on shared buses or direct connections between the modules of the chip are becoming obsolete as they struggle to sustain the increasing tight bandwidth and latency constraints that these systems demand. The most promising solution for the future chip interconnects are the Networks on Chip (NoC). NoCs are network composed by routers and channels used to inter- connect the different components installed on the single microchip. Examples of advanced processors based on NoC interconnects are the IBM Cell processor, composed by eight CPUs that is installed on the Sony Playstation III and the Intel Teraflops pro ject composed by 80 independent (simple) microprocessors. On chip integration is becoming popular not only in the Chip Multi Processor (CMP) research area but also in the wider and more heterogeneous world of Systems on Chip (SoC). SoC comprehend all the electronic devices that surround us such as cell-phones, smart-phones, house embedded systems, automotive systems, set-top boxes etc... SoC manufacturers such as ST Microelectronics , Samsung, Philips and also Universities such as Bologna University, M.I.T., Berkeley and more are all proposing proprietary frameworks based on NoC interconnects. These frameworks help engineers in the switch of design methodology and speed up the development of new NoC-based systems on chip. In this Thesis we propose an introduction of CMP and SoC interconnection networks. Then focusing on SoC systems we propose: • a detailed analysis based on simulation of the Spidergon NoC, a ST Microelectronics solution for SoC interconnects. The Spidergon NoC differs from many classical solutions inherited from the parallel computing world. Here we propose a detailed analysis of this NoC topology and routing algorithms. Furthermore we propose aEqualized a new routing algorithm designed to optimize the use of the resources of the network while also increasing its performance; • a methodology flow based on modified publicly available tools that combined can be used to design, model and analyze any kind of System on Chip; • a detailed analysis of a ST Microelectronics-proprietary transport-level protocol that the author of this Thesis helped developing; • a simulation-based comprehensive comparison of different network interface designs proposed by the author and the researchers at AST lab, in order to integrate shared-memory and message-passing based components on a single System on Chip; • a powerful and flexible solution to address the time closure exception issue in the design of synchronous Networks on Chip. Our solution is based on relay stations repeaters and allows to reduce the power and area demands of NoC interconnects while also reducing its buffer needs; • a solution to simplify the design of the NoC by also increasing their performance and reducing their power and area consumption. We propose to replace complex and slow virtual channel-based routers with multiple and flexible small Multi Plane ones. This solution allows us to reduce the area and power dissipation of any NoC while also increasing its performance especially when the resources are reduced. This Thesis has been written in collaboration with the Advanced System Technology laboratory in Grenoble France, and the Computer Science Department at Columbia University in the city of New York.