931 resultados para |Plantas medicinais
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As frondes de Rumohra adiantiformis (G.Forest.) Ching, conhecida como leatherleaf, seven-weeks-fern ou samambaia-preta, so usadas mundialmente em arranjos florais. Na frica do Sul e Brasil o comrcio da espcie baseado no extrativismo. No Brasil a coleta realizada em reas de Mata Atlntica, sendo que 50% da produo provm das reas de capoeira das encostas da Serra Geral no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Atualmente, cerca de 2.000 famlias de agricultores familiares vivem nestas reas, tendo no extrativismo sua principal fonte de renda. No entanto no RS a coleta, o comrcio e o transporte de plantas ornamentais nativas so proibidos, j que nesta zona de transio da Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlntica (Maquin, RS) h grandes restries quanto explorao dos recursos naturais. O xodo rural e o prprio extrativismo estabelecido a partir da dcada de 70, permitiram a regenerao da Floresta Ombrfila Densa. Como a espcie caracterstica de estgios sucessionais iniciais, a regenerao florestal est levando diminuio dos estoques naturais. Este trabalho se props a identificar alternativas econmicas para diversificao da economia de famlias de extrativistas, no intuito de minimizar a tenso associada diminuio dos estoques naturais de samambaia-preta, s dificuldades no manejo da terra e legislao ambiental. Junto comunidade extrativista do distrito de Solido (Maquin) foram coletados dados etnobiolgicos sobre plantas medicinais e plantas relacionadas ao artesanato. As principais espcies identificadas foram: Bambusa tuldoides (taquareira, colmo), Clytostoma sciuripabulum (cip-branco, caule), Cyperus prolixus (tiririca, partes areas), Musa acuminata (bananeira, palha), Scirpus californicus (junco, partes areas), Typha dominguensis (taboa, partes areas), sendo que Macfadyena dentata (cip-unha-de-gato, caule), Roupala brasiliensis (carvalho-brasileiro, folhas) e Tillandsia usneoides (barbade- pau, planta inteira) so as espcies prioritrias para a avaliao da sustentabilidade do extrativismo. Os dados etnobiolgicos e ecolgicos mostram que possvel estabelecer o manejo sustentvel da R. adiantiformis. Os maiores entraves para o estabelecimento do manejo sustentado para as espcies identificadas incluem: a) estabelecer as bases de manejo sustentvel destas espcies; b) compatibilizar esta atividade extrativista com o atual Cdigo Florestal Estadual. Plantas medicinais no parecem ser uma alternativa vivel a curto prazo, enquanto o artesanato requer a adequao da atividade artesanal no meio rural com os direitos aposentadoria rural.
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Motivado pelo cultivo de erva mate no Rio Grande do Sul, basicamente dentro de unidades de produo familiar, bem como pelo considervel volume de biomassa descartada, resultante do corte dos ervais, procurou-se identificar possvel atividade antibacteriana em cambitos e folhas de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill, com nfase a zoonoses de interesse em sade e produo animal, bem como em sade coletiva. Definiu-se a verificao da Intensidade de Atividade de Inibio Bacteriana (IINIB) e Intensidade de Atividade de Inativao Bacteriana (IINAB) de extratos hdricos (decocto), alcolicos (alcoolatura) e hidroalcolicos (tintura) sobre inculos padronizados de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Samonella Enteritidis (ATCC 11076) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229). Os extratos vegetais alcolicos foram preparados com folhas frescas, os hidroalcolicos com os talos desidratados (cambitos) e os decoctos, tanto de folhas como de talos, com material desidratado. Todas as quatro formas de extrao apresentaram capacidade de inativao e/ou inibio seletivas sobre os inculos bacterianos, porm os extratos base de lcool de cereais foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados. Dentre as bactrias, a Salmonella Enteritidis demonstrou maior sensibilidade, seguida por Enterococcus faecalis. Posteriormente, estas duas amostras foram submetidas a testes sob tempo de exposio de 5, 15, 30 e 60 minutos, na ausncia e na presena de matria orgnica (soro bovino inativado), confrontando-as com alcoolatura de folhas e hidroalcoolatura de cambitos, por estes terem obtido maior ao antibacteriana sobre os agentes testados nos testes iniciais de IINIB e IINAB. Os decoctos de cambitos no corresponderam s expectativas iniciais, sendo que as alcoolaturas, tanto de folhas quanto de cambitos, apresentaram resultados eficazes. Tanto o tempo de exposio como a presena de matria orgnica interferiram na sensibilidade apresentada por Salmonella Enteritidis e Enterococcus faecalis, positiva e negativamente, respectivamente.
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The use of medicinal plants to cure and treat various diseases is a common practice in the world and in Brazil. In several regions of the Brazils Northeast, the cactus Cereus jamacaru, known as mandacaru, is used popularly as a treatment to many diseases, including those related to heart respiratory diseases, gastric ulcers, scurvy, and kidney diseases. However, there is a scarcity in the scientific literature that proves scientifically the popular application of this cactus. Like other plants, Cereus jamacaru synthesizes several potentially bioactive molecules, like as polysaccharides. In this work, three polysaccharides-rich aqueous extracts, MCA80, MPM and MCP60, were obtained from this plant and analyzed chemically, as well as their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The data showed that all extracts consist mainly of polysaccharides (89.42 to 95.76%), but also protein (> 2%) and phenolic (3 to 8.87%) contaminants were detected. All extracts are rich in galactose, glucose and mannose. In addition, glucuronic acid was found in MCA80 and MCP60. The extracts showed total antioxidant capacity ranged from 55.21 to 68.13 of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE). Besides, they exhibited reducer power and cupric chelation in a dose-dependent manner. None of the extracts inhibited the MTT reduction in the presence of prostate tumor cells (PC-3). However, MCP60 was the most effective extract by preventing the reduction of MTT by about 80% in the presence of cells 786. Nuclear fragmentation tests showed that this extract induces cell death. The data indicated that mandacaru synthesizes bioactive polysaccharides with potential as antioxidant and antitumor agents. For future studies, it is intended to purify and characterize these polysaccharides and its antioxidant and antitumor mechanisms
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Toxoplasmosis, a benign disease in normal healthy individuals, can have serious effects in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. It is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Tg), an obligatory intracellular protozoan. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against this parasite is very restricted. Thus, there is an ongoing search for novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. A promising alternative is a rational approach using medicinal plants. This study aimed to standardize methodologies for assessing the toxicological, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-Toxoplasma effects of Estragole and Thymol compounds isolated from species of plants (Lippia sidoides and Croton zenhtneri) commonly used in the Cariri region of Ceara State, Brazil. First we evaluated in vivo toxicity and conducted a pathological analysis of mice livers. In vivo antiinflammatory activity was assessed using air pouch and paw edema methods. Cytotoxicity assays were performed and antiproliferative, antioxidant and nitric oxide production analyzed. Anti-Toxoplasma activity was evaluated in a congenital experimental model with varying stages of maternal infection using the ME-49 strain and a non- congenital model by using ME-49 and RH strains. The results suggest low to moderate toxicity for both compounds. Thymol was more toxic in vivo and in vitro, having greater pathological repercussion than Estragole. The compounds were inactive for antiproliferative activity. Thymol showed better antioxidant activity, while Estragole stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages. Both showed significant antiinflammatory activity. In non-congenital Tg infection, both compounds were active only against the ME49 strain. In congenital infection, Estragole (oral route) improved the newborn weight of infected mothers compared with untreated controls. Subcutaneous administration of the two compounds increased the weight of offspring born to infected mothers compared with untreated controls. We concluded that Estragole and Thymol exhibit important biological and anti-Toxoplasma activities. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds and other possible activities not investigated in the present study
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Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used to obtain several radiobiocomplexes utilized to aid in the diagnosis of diseases. Blood constituents, as red blood cells (RBC) and plasma proteins, have been labeled with 99mTc. Natural and synthetic drugs can alter the labeling of these constituents. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of a Buzhong YiQi Wan extract to alter (i) the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, (ii) the RBC morphology, and (iii) osmotic fragility of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The data showed that the BYQW extract (i) could affect labeling of blood constituintes with 99mTc, (ii) could affect the membrane integrity decreasing the osmotic resistance and (iii) could not alter the shape of RBC. Probably, these findings would be associated with properties of the substances present in the aqueous extract of BYQW. This study has multiple disciplinary aspects in knowledge areas: Radiobiology, Botanic, Phytotherapy and Haematology
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Medicinal plants have been studied and used in the world. Lantana camara has medicinal properties and it has been used in folk medicine. The aim was to verify the effect of a lantana extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, and to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Lantana camara on the morphology of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The results showed that lantana extract has decreased the fixation of radioactivity on the IF-P. This effect was not observed in the BC compartment and in IF-BC. The BC-%ATI was decreased in all concentrations tested when the BC was washed. The osmotic fragility assay and morphological analysis were carried out. In presence of the extract, the data obtained indicated that (i) an increase of the hemolysis and (ii) modifications on the morphology of RBC. These effects of the Lantana camara could be associated with some pharmacological properties of the chemical compounds of this studied extract
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Medicinal plants have been used since antiquity to treat various human diseases. The leaves of Bauhinia monandra are widely used in Brazil as herbal remedies in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. From the leaves of B. monandra was purified a galactose-specific lectin, called BmoLL, which also showed a significant hypoglycemic capacity. Following the proposed rules by decree No 116 of 1996/08/08 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, the study aimed to evaluate the potential for toxicity and mutagenicity of BmoLL from the use of tests with Escherichia coli strain CC104 (Forward mutagenesis assay) with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA (Kado test), with plasmid pBCKS (Break occurrences in plasmid DNA) and enzyme exonuclease III (Search of abasic sites). The results demonstrated that the lectin was unable to increase the frequency of reverse mutation of strains of S. typhimurium, with and without metabolic activity. However, a significant decrease in the frequency of spontaneous mutation was observed in strains of E. coli, especially in poor repair (CC104mutMmutY), indicating an antioxidant potential of the lectin. BmoLL is unable to generate genotoxic and cytotoxic damage, based on the concentrations and the tests performed
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Effects of a Cordia salicifolia (porangaba) extract on the labeling of blood cells (BCs) with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and on the morphology of red BCs were evaluated. Labeling of cellular and molecular structures with (99m)Tc depends on a reducing agent. Some physical characteristics, as visible absorbance spectrum, electric conductivity, and refractive index of this porangaba extract, were also determined. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with porangaba extract or with 0.9% NaCl (control). Labeling of blood constituents with (99m)Tc was performed. Plasma (P) and BCs, both soluble (SF-P and SF-BC) and insoluble (IF-P and IF-BC) fractions, were separated. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted, and the percentage of radioactivity incorporated (%ATI) was calculated. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, and stained, and the morphology of the red BCs was evaluated. Data showed an absorbance peak at 480 nm and electric conductibility and refractive index concentration-dependent. Porangaba extract decreased significantly (P < .05) the BC, IF-P, and IF-BC %ATI, and no modifications were verified on the shape of red BCs. Analysis of the results reveals that some physical parameters could be useful to aid in characterizing the extract studied. Moreover, it is possible that chemical compounds of this extract could have chelating/redox actions or be capable of binding to plasma and/or cellular proteins
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior
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Popular practices correspond to the resources used by households, lay people and popular therapists, whose perception of knowledge is constructed in the everyday. In this context, the sick child can become vulnerable to be dependent on a family caregiver, who often decide to employ popular practices. Thus, the child care should be shared between carer and health professional. However, they know little about the resources that the family uses to detect a grievance in infant. Therefore, the present research aimed to analyse the use of popular practices by caregivers of children with zero to five years old. We conducted an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, together with 15 caregivers of children who were treated at the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp, located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. To select the participants, they should be age and above 18 years; be caregivers of children up to five years of age; and reside in the area ascribed the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp. The data collection took place between September and October 2013, through in depth interview. This step was preceded by the approval of the Health Department of the city of Natal; the direction of the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp; as well as, the Committee on Ethics in Research from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with Certificate of Presentation and Consideration Ethics, No 15467013.8.0000.5537. Furthermore, the interviewees formally authorized their participation in the research by signing the consent form. The data were treated according to the technique of content analysis in the form of thematic analysis according to Bardin. This process, four categories emerged: "Types of popular practices used in the care of the child"; "Source of information of popular practices"; "Results obtained with popular practices"; "Factors that hinder the adoption of common practices." The results showed the use of popular practices by caregivers in the case of illness to children such as the homemade preparations with medicinal plants and folk healers. The family environment was referenced as the main learning space and spread of popular practices, which are influenced by cultural relations present in this context. As to the results obtained with popular features, the caregivers said to be satisfactory, and this triggers a feeling of confidence and acceptability of such measures. It is concluded that the use of popular practices in child care persists in everyday most of the participants, despite the hegemony of allopathic therapy. The caregivers stated that such practices are effective and easy to obtain, being secured in context by popular culture. In addition, health professionals, especially nurses, were seldom mentioned by the caregivers as to the information concerning popular resources used by them, which suggests the weakness in dialogic process of negotiating practices between both of them
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O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influncia da adubao orgnica em 6 pocas de crescimento na produo de -ecdisona por plantas de Pfaffia glomerata. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Santo Antonio do Araqu, distrito de Catneo ngelo, municpio de So Manuel, So Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 5x6, com quatro repeties, considerando-se 8 plantas teis por parcela. Os blocos foram constitudos de 6 pocas de crescimento (60, 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias aps a germinao) e de 5 doses de esterco de galinha curtido [testemunha (sem adubao), 15, 30, 45 e 60 t ha-1]. Aps cada colheita, as razes das plantas foram secas em estufa com circulao de ar forada a 40C e pesadas para posterior extrao do -ecdisona, seguindo metodologia desenvolvida por Magalhes (2000). Os resultados foram submetidos anlise de varincia e ao teste de separao de mdias de Scott Knott, todos a 5% de probabilidade. Quando ocorreu interao os resultados foram avaliados usando-se anlise de regresso polinominal. O teor de -ecdisona no foi influenciado pelas doses de adubo e nem pela poca do crescimento das plantas. Porm a quantidade total de -ecdisona por raiz foi influenciada pela poca de crescimento, sendo que aos 360 dias aps a emergncia ocorreu uma maior quantidade do princpio ativo em todos os tratamentos. Apesar de no diferir estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos, aos 360 dias aps a emergncia das plantas, o tratamento 30 t ha-1 foi o que proporcionou maior quantidade de -ecdisona.
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O estudo objetivou avaliar translocao orgnica, ndices fisiolgicos da anlise de crescimento e rendimento do leo essencial de Mentha piperita L. cultivada em soluo nutritiva com variao dos nveis de N, P, K e Mg. Assim, foram avaliados os quatro tratamentos contendo 50% N, P, K, 25% Mg; 50% N, P, K, Mg; 65%N, 50%P, 25%K, 100% Mg e 100% N, P, K, Mg. A translocao orgnica foi avaliada por meio da determinao da razo de massa foliar (RMF) e da distribuio de massa seca para os diferentes rgos. Os ndices fisiolgicos razo de rea foliar (RAF), rea foliar especfica (AFE), taxa assimilatria lquida (TAL) e taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) derivadas que compem a anlise de crescimento foram estimados pelo programa ANACRES, aps ajuste exponencial quadrtico da rea foliar e massa seca de lminas foliares e total da planta em relao ao tempo. O rendimento do leo essencial, em porcentagem, foi calculado aps extrao da parte area por hidrodestilao. As plantas submetidas ao tratamento com nvel completo de nutrientes (100%N/P/K/Mg) exportaram com menor eficincia o material orgnico a partir da folha e a RMF mostrou queda mais lenta, devido reteno desse material por mais tempo no local de sua produo. Alm disso, no apresentaram melhor produtividade e as curvas da TAL e TCR mostraram quedas mais lentas. As plantas submetidas ao tratamento com 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg revelaram adequada exportao de matria orgnica da folha para caule e pecolos, conforme demonstra a RMF e a distribuio de massa seca para esses rgos. Revelaram ainda a RAF mais elevada no inicio do desenvolvimento e mais baixa aos 94 DAT, indicando sombreamento das folhas como resultado de seu crescimento. A AFE dessas plantas mostrou menor variao durante o ciclo, refletindo espessura mais constante de suas folhas. A TAL e a TCR apresentaram curvas decrescentes, com quedas bem acentuadas em relao s demais plantas. Todos esses ndices indicam melhor produtividade das plantas submetidas ao tratamento 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg, que tambm apresentaram rendimento de leo essencial, em mdia, maior durante o ciclo. Conclui-se que a reduo de 35% de N, 50% de P, 75% de K (65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg) indicada para o cultivo e extrao de leo essencial de M. piperita.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
