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La Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (CIUDEN) está desarrollando un proyecto de almacenamiento geológico de CO2. El área seleccionada para la colocación de la planta piloto de desarrollo tecnológico se encuentra en las proximidades de la localidad de Hontomín (Burgos, España). Dentro de los objetivos de este proyecto se encuentra el desarrollo y puesta a punto de una metodología no intrusiva/invasiva que permita mejorar el conocimiento de formaciones geológicas a partir del registro en superficie de la emisión de gases de origen natural. Para cumplir con parte de este objetivo, se ha realizado un estudio de los flujos y de la relación entre las actividades de radón (222Rn) y torón (220Rn) asociados a flujos altos de CO2. El área de estudio se encuentra en la zona volcánica de Campo de Calatrava de la provincia de Ciudad Real en España. Dado que los flujos muy altos (566 a 2011 g/m2•dia) de CO2 son puntuales en el emplazamiento de estudio, éstos podrían equipararse a escapes puntuales en zonas de debilidad de un almacenamiento comercial de CO2. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los flujos altos de CO2 conllevan actividades muy altas de 222Rn (118398 Bq/m3), y altas relaciones radón-torón, ya que se observa una disminución de las concentraciones de torón. Abstract The Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (CIUDEN) is presently developing a project of geological storage of CO2. The selected area is close to Hontomín town (Burgos, Spain). One of the aim objectives of this project is the development and testing of a non-intrusive/invasive methodology to improve our knowledge of geological formations from the surface record of the emission of soil gas. To meet part of this goal, a survey of 222Rn and 220Rn measurements has been performed at a site called La Sima, located in volcanic area of Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, Spain) which is characterized by high fluxes of CO2 (566 a 2011 g/m2•dia). These high, point-source fluxes can be considered as analogues of potential leakages in commercial storages. The obtained results show a clear correlation between high flux of CO2 and very high activities of 222Rn (118398 Bq/m3). In contrast, activity of 220Rn is significantly low and consequently high ratios of radon-thoron are measured.

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El título de este libro «La historia del oso de las cavernas: vida y muerte de un animal desaparecido» no es una feliz ocurrencia. Es una traducción del libro escrito por el paleontólogo fmés BjomKurten (1924-88) de la Universidad de Helsinki: The cave bear story: life and death of a vanished animal (Columbia University Press 1976) que, junto con innumerables artículos científicos, fueron inspiración de mi trabajo de investigación. No llegué a conocerle personalmente pero mantuve con él una relación epistolar y me ofreció sugerencias interesantes e, incluso, material en préstamo, el año de su muerte. El título del libro es más largo ya que reconcoce la contribución del yacimiento de Amutxate a esta historia. Como editor de este libro creo que, además de la satisfacción que me ha producido su escritura y coordinación, llega el momento de echar la vista atrás, recordar tantos buenos/malos momentos. He decidido hablar de buenos/malos momentos porque la espeleología, sea en su faceta científica o en la deportiva, consiste en una sucesión de vivencias en un ambiente hosti 1 que culmina con la satisfacción que produce el descubrimiento. En 1966 se produjo un hecho que marcó mi futuro participando en las exploraciones como miembro del GEM (Grupo Espeleológico de Minas) encontré mis primeros fósiles en la cueva del Reguerillo, cerca de Madrid. Esta cueva la excavé en 1971-1976 y, en años posteriores trabajé en otras muchas: Arrikrutz (Oñati, Guipúzcoa), Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Burgos), Troskaeta (Ataun, Guipúzcoa), Los Osos (Tella-sin, Huesca), Eirós (Triacastela, Lugo ), La Lucia (Quintanilla, Cantabria), Santa Isabel (Ranero, Vizcaya) y, finalmente, Amutxate en la Sierra de Aralar.

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In this paper we consider a system of three parabolic equations modeling the behavior of two biological species moving attracted by a chemical factor. The chemical substance verifies a parabolic equation with slow diffusion. The system contains second order terms in the first two equations modeling the chemotactic effects. We apply an iterative method to obtain the global existence of solutions using that the total mass of the biological species is conserved. The stability of the homogeneous steady states is studied by using an energy method. A final example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.

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Perspectiva de las novedades más destacadas en maquinaria recientes y los premios de la feria SIMA 2015 de París

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Hybrid mice carrying oncogenic transgenes afford powerful systems for investigating loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors. Here, we apply this approach to a neoplasm of key importance in human medicine: mammary carcinoma. We performed a whole genome search for LOH using the mouse mammary tumor virus/v-Ha-ras mammary carcinoma model in female (FVB/N × Mus musculus castaneus)F1 mice. Mammary tumors developed as expected, as well as a few tumors of a second type (uterine leiomyosarcoma) not previously associated with this transgene. Genotyping of 94 anatomically independent tumors revealed high-frequency LOH (≈38%) for markers on chromosome 4. A marked allelic bias was observed, with M. musculus castaneus alleles almost exclusively being lost. No evidence of genomic imprinting effects was noted. These data point to the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s) on mouse chromosome 4 involved in mammary carcinogenesis induced by mutant H-ras expression, and for which a significant functional difference may exist between the M. musculus castaneus and FVB/N alleles. Provisional subchromosomal localization of this gene, designated Loh-3, can be made to a distal segment having syntenic correspondence to human chromosome 1p; LOH in this latter region is observed in several human malignancies, including breast cancers. Evidence was also obtained for a possible second locus associated with LOH with less marked allele bias on proximal chromosome 4.

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In order to explore the possible role of E-cadherin in familial cancer, 19 familial breast cancer patients, whose tumours demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the E-cadherin locus, were screened for germline mutations. No pathogenic germline alterations were detected in these individuals. However, a somatic mutation was found (49-2A→C) in one of the tumours. This tumour showed a pattern of both ductal and lobular histology. Another 10 families with cases of breast, gastric and colon cancer were also screened for germline mutations, and no mutations were found. A missense mutation in exon 12 of E-cadherin (1774G→A; Ala592Thr) was previously found in one family with diffuse gastric cancer, and colon and breast cancer. An allelic association study was performed to determine whether the Ala592Thr alteration predisposes to breast cancer. In total, we studied 484 familial breast cancer patients, 614 sporadic breast cancer patients and 497 control individuals. The frequencies of this alteration were similar in these groups. However, a correlation between the Ala592Thr alteration and ductal comedo-type tumour was seen. These results, together with previously reported studies, indicate that germline mutations and, more commonly, somatic mutations in E-cadherin may have an influence on the behaviour of the tumours, rather than predispose to breast cancer.

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Double leaves, oriental style, in case.

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Running title.

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On double leaves, oriental style.

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Shiba sen sen Shiki (hyakusanjikkan) oyobi Shiba Tei sen Sankō hongi (ikkan) no kokujikai.