Konepajan hitsaustuotannon kehittäminen kattavien laatuvaatimusten mukaiseksi

TIIVISTELMÄ Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Konetekniikan koulutusohjelma Voitto Kettunen Konepajan hitsaustuotannon kehittäminen kattavien laatuvaatimusten mukaiseksi Diplomityö 2015 167 sivua, 39 kuvaa, 26 taulukkoa ja 3 liitettä Tarkastajat: Professori Jukka Martikainen DI Pertti Kaarre Hakusanat: hitsaus, hitsauksen laatu, konepajan laadunhallinta, kattavat laatuvaatimukset, ISO 9001, ISO 3834, EN 1090 Keywords: welding, quality of welding, engineering workshop quality management, comprehensive quality requirements, ISO 9001, ISO 3834, EN 1090 Hitsaamalla liitetyt teräksiset rakenteet muodostavat ylivoimaisesti suurimman osan konepajatuotannosta. Niihin kuuluu esimerkiksi ajoneuvoja, koneita, laitteita, säiliöitä, siiloja, siltoja, mastoja, piippuja, tukirakenteita ja rakennusten runkoja. Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on kehittää konepajan laadunhallinta sellaiseksi, että se mahdollistaa kattavien laatuvaatimusten täyttämisen hitsaustuotannossa. Laatuvaatimusten täyttämiseen pyritään käyttämällä hitsaustoimintojen standardia EN ISO 3834-2 sekä kantavien teräsrakenteiden standardeja EN 1090-1 ja EN 1090-2. Teräsrakenteiden suunnittelua ohjaa EN 1993 ja niiden toiminnallisia ominaisuuksia tuotestandardit, kuten terässavupiippu- ja säiliöstandardit. Kantavien teräsrakenteiden suunnittelua ja tuotantoa ohjaa myös seuraamusluokan CC, käyttöluokan SC ja tuotantoluokan PC kautta määräytyvä toteutusluokka EXC. Aikaisempaa enemmän tullaan panostamaan esimerkiksi asiakirjojen sähköiseen hallintaan, raaka-aineiden jäljitettävyyteen tuotteeseen, särmien ja kulmien muotoiluun, pintojen käsittelyyn, hitsien tarkastukseen, hitsaushenkilöstön pätevyyteen ja hitsaustuotannon tehokkuuteen. Saarijärven Säiliövalmiste Oy:n hitsauksen laadunhallinta sertifioitiin standardin ISO 3834-2 mukaan ja kantavien teräsrakenteiden FPC-järjestelmä standardisarjaa EN 1090 noudattaen. Samalla tehtiin päivitys laadunhallintajärjestelmään ISO 9001. Toteutus, joka tehtiin sovitussa aikataulussa, haastaa jokaisen toimijan konepajassa toiminnan, tuotannon ja tuotteiden laadun kehittämiseen uusia käytänteitä ja menetelmiä soveltaen. Kehitystoimien tuloksena toiminta on selkeämpää, ennakoitavampaa ja hallitumpaa, mikä lisää yrityksen toiminnan tuottavuutta ja kannattavuutta. Sertifioidut laatujärjestelmät ovat myötävaikuttaneet tilausten lisääntymiseen yrityksen kaikkien tuotteiden osalta.

Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations

Skeletal muscle is the major deposit of protein molecules. As for any cell or tissue, total muscle protein reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. Noninvasive and invasive techniques have been applied to determine amino acid catabolism and muscle protein building at rest, during exercise and during the recovery period after a single experiment or training sessions. Stable isotopic tracers (13C-lysine, 15N-glycine, ²H5-phenylalanine) and arteriovenous differences have been used in studies of skeletal muscle and collagen tissues under resting and exercise conditions. There are different fractional synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, but there is no major difference between collagen and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Strenuous exercise provokes increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, the opposite occurring during the recovery period. Individuals who exercise respond differently when resistance and endurance types of contractions are compared. Endurance exercise induces a greater oxidative capacity (enzymes) compared to resistance exercise, which induces fiber hypertrophy (myofibrils). Nitrogen balance (difference between protein intake and protein degradation) for athletes is usually balanced when the intake of protein reaches 1.2 g·kg-1·day-1 compared to 0.8 g·kg-1·day-1 in resting individuals. Muscular activities promote a cascade of signals leading to the stimulation of eukaryotic initiation of myofibrillar protein synthesis. As suggested in several publications, a bolus of 15-20 g protein (from skimmed milk or whey proteins) and carbohydrate (± 30 g maltodextrine) drinks is needed immediately after stopping exercise to stimulate muscle protein and tendon collagen turnover within 1 h.

The Literary relations between La Fontaine and the "Astrée" of Honoré d'Urfé : a dissertation presented to the faculty of the department of philosophy of the university of Pennsylvania in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy / by Walther P. Fischer

Collection : Publications of the University of Pennsylvania ; n° 6

Margin requirements and volatility : evidence from Canadian stocks

Margin policy is used by regulators for the purpose of inhibiting exceSSIve volatility and stabilizing the stock market in the long run. The effect of this policy on the stock market is widely tested empirically. However, most prior studies are limited in the sense that they investigate the margin requirement for the overall stock market rather than for individual stocks, and the time periods examined are confined to the pre-1974 period as no change in the margin requirement occurred post-1974 in the U.S. This thesis intends to address the above limitations by providing a direct examination of the effect of margin requirement on return, volume, and volatility of individual companies and by using more recent data in the Canadian stock market. Using the methodologies of variance ratio test and event study with conditional volatility (EGARCH) model, we find no convincing evidence that change in margin requirement affects subsequent stock return volatility. We also find similar results for returns and trading volume. These empirical findings lead us to conclude that the use of margin policy by regulators fails to achieve the goal of inhibiting speculating activities and stabilizing volatility.

Canadian Advertising Requirements and Restrictions, by Province for the Distilled Spirits Industry as of September 23, 1976

A document outlining the rules and regulations for advertising liquor in Canada. The document is sorted by province and outlines the details for advertising, when allowed, in each province. The description of the contents reads "The purpose of this document is to provide a summary of Canadian advertising requirements and restrictions, by province for the distilled spirits industry as of September 23, 1976".

McNeill's code : Arranged to meet the requirements of mi ning, metallurgical and civil engineers ; directors of mining, smetling and other companies...

UANL

Requirements for the selective degradation of CD4 receptor molecules by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein in the endoplasmic reticulum.

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Vpu targets newly synthesized CD4 receptor for rapid degradation by a process reminiscent of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Vpu is thought to act as an adaptor protein, connecting CD4 to the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome degradative system through an interaction with beta-TrCP, a component of the SCFbeta-TrCP E3 Ub ligase complex. RESULTS: Here, we provide direct evidence indicating that Vpu promotes trans-ubiquitination of CD4 through recruitment of SCFbeta-TrCP in human cells. To examine whether Ub conjugation occurs on the cytosolic tail of CD4, we substituted all four Ub acceptor lysine residues for arginines. Replacement of cytosolic lysine residues reduced but did not prevent Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation and ubiquitination, suggesting that Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation is not entirely dependent on the ubiquitination of cytosolic lysines and as such might also involve ubiquitination of other sites. Cell fractionation studies revealed that Vpu enhanced the levels of ubiquitinated forms of CD4 detected in association with not only the ER membrane but also the cytosol. Interestingly, significant amounts of membrane-associated ubiquitinated CD4 appeared to be fully dislocated since they could be recovered following sodium carbonate salt treatment. Finally, expression of a transdominant negative mutant of the AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 involved in the extraction of ERAD substrates from the ER membrane inhibited Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results are consistent with a model whereby HIV-1 Vpu targets CD4 for degradation by an ERAD-like process involving most likely poly-ubiquitination of the CD4 cytosolic tail by SCFbeta-TrCP prior to dislocation of receptor molecules across the ER membrane by a process that depends on the AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97.

Metabolic requirements of boxing exercises

Face aux données conflictuelles de la littérature sur le VO2 requis d’exercices de boxe (sparring, palettes de frappe et sac de frappe), surtout pour le “vrai” sparring avec coups de poings au visage, une nouvelle méthode basée sur une mesure de VO2 “post-exercice” fut développée, validée (Annexe 1) et utilisée pour ré-évaluer le coût énergétique de ces exercices de boxe. Neufs boxeurs mâles expérimentés, de 22.0±3.5 ans et 71.4±10.9 kg avec un VO2pic de 62.2±4.1 ml·kg-1·min-1 (moyenne ± écart type) furent mesurés lors 1) d’un test progressif maximal sur tapis roulant en laboratoire 2) d’un entrainement standardisé de boxe en gymnase et 3) d’exercices de boxe standardisés en laboratoire. Des VO2 requis de 43.4±5.9, 41.1±5.1, 24.7±6.1, 30.4±5.8 et 38.3±6.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectivement obtenues pour le sparring, les palettes de frappe et le sac de frappe à 60, 120 et 180 coup·min-1, situe l’intensité de ces exercices autour de ~70 %VO2pic.

Nutritional studies in juvenile penaeus indicus with fererence to protein and vitamin requirements

Man in his quest to explore food has turned towards the oceans and during the last five decades there has been phenomenal increase in the exploitation of the marine fisheries resources. The present study is carried out to determine the requirement of protein and water-soluble vitamins in the diet of juveniles of the Indian white prawn p.indicus using purified diets and to evaluate the nutritive value of a few plant and animal protein sources for the same species. A total of ten statistically designed experiments are conducted in the laboratory undermost identical conditions and following similar methodologies. The study also tries to suggest the essential and optimal requirements for protein as well as water-soluble vitamins in the diet of juvenile p.indicus

Nutritional Requirements Of The Fry Of Gold-Spot Mullet Liza Parsa (Hamilton)

Most tropical aquatic environments are naturally fertile and their natural fertility is renewed very rapidly. Natural food for many cultivable organisms can be grown to the maximum by proper management. However, enrichment of the environment can be done through rational fertilization. Still further increase in stocking rates, can yield increased crop if adequate feeding is done. Thus fish and shellfish nutrition is an important aspect of the multidisciplinary subject of aquaculture. The oldest and most classical studies in physiology have investigated the nutritional needs of the species of interest to aquaculture. The alimentary requirements for proteins, lipids, mineral salts and vitamins have been established for some temperate species. But, the nutritional requirements of only few tropical species have been studied. Before formulating a diet, a thorough knowledge of the nutrient requirement of the species is essential. It is against this background that the present area of investigation has been identified. "Nutritional requirements of the fry of gold-spot mullet Liza parsia" is a comprehensive attempt to quantify the nutritional factors that are essential for producing healthy fingerlings for stocking the farms. Aspects such as the protein and lipid requirements of the fry, the vitamin essentiality, nutritive evaluation of protein and lipid sources suitable for compounding diets were covered in this research project. The ultimate aim has been to evolve practical diets which could be applied in the nursery phase for juvenile production.

Studies on the evaluation of different sources of proteins, carbohydrates and mineral requirements for juvenile penaeid prawn Penaeus Indicus H. Milne Edwards

In India, directed research on penaeid prawn nutrition was taken up only recently when the aquaculture of prawns gained momentum. One of the important penaeid prawns sought for culture and has great potential is Penagus indiggs, H.Milne Edwards. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute working on different aspects of culture of this species over the past one and half decades, has developed a hatchery technology for mass production of its seed and has suggested several improvements on its farming in the grow-out systems. One of the areas of active research in this direction has been on the nutrition of the species with a view to develop suitable feed not only for hatchery production of seed, but also in the field culture. As part of this investigation, the present study, on the evaluation of different protein and carbohydrate sources and mineral requirements for the juvenile E, indicus was taken up and the results obtained are embodied in the thesis