PATH-ORDERED PHASE-FACTORS IN SCALAR QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

Starting from linear equations for the complex scalar field, the two- and three-point Green's functions are obtained in the infrared approximation. We show that the infrared singularity factorizes in the vertex function as in spinor QED, reproducing in a simple and straightforward way the result of lengthy perturbative calculations.

Properties of BaBi2Ta2O9 thin films prepared by chemical solution deposition technique for dynamic random-access memory applications

We report on the properties of BaBi2Ta2O9 (BBT) thin films for dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and integrated capacitor applications. Crystalline BBT thin films were successfully fabricated by the chemical solution deposition technique on Pt-coated Si substrates at a low annealing temperature of 650°C. The films were characterized in terms of structural, dielectric, and insulating properties. The electrical measurements were conducted on Pt/BBT/Pt capacitors. The typical measured small signal dielectric constant and dissipation factor, at 100 kHz, were 282 and 0.023, respectively, for films annealed at 700°C for 60 min. The leakage current density of the films was lower than 10-9 A/cm2 at an applied electric field of 300 kV/cm. A large storage density of 38.4 fC/μm2 was obtained at an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm. The high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and low leakage current density suggest the suitability of BBT thin films as dielectric layer for DRAM and integrated capacitor applications.

Eigenvalue analyses for non-transposed three-phase transmission line considering non-implicit ground wires

This paper presents a method for analyzing electromagnetic transients using real transformation matrices in three-phase systems considering the presence of ground wires. So, for the Z and Y matrices that represent the transmission line, the characteristics of ground wires are not implied in the values related to the phases. A first approach uses a real transformation matrix for the entire frequency range considered in this case. This transformation matrix is an approximation to the exact transformation matrix. For those elements related to the phases of the considered system, the transformation matrix is composed of the elements of Clarke's matrix. In part related to the ground wires, the elements of the transformation matrix must establish a relationship with the elements of the phases considering the establishment of a single homopolar reference in the mode domain. In the case of three-phase lines with the presence of two ground wires, it is unable to get the full diagonalization of the matrices Z and Y in the mode domain. This leads to the second proposal for the composition of real transformation matrix: obtain such transformation matrix from the multiplication of two real and constant matrices. In this case, the inclusion of a second matrix had the objective to minimize errors from the first proposal for the composition of the transformation matrix mentioned. © 2012 IEEE.

Thermal phase transition for some spin-boson models

In this work we study two different spin-boson models. Such models are generalizations of the Dicke model, it means they describe systems of N identical two-level atoms coupled to a single-mode quantized bosonic field, assuming the rotating wave approximation. In the first model, we consider the wavelength of the bosonic field to be of the order of the linear dimension of the material composed of the atoms, therefore we consider the spatial sinusoidal form of the bosonic field. The second model is the Thompson model, where we consider the presence of phonons in the material composed of the atoms. We study finite temperature properties of the models using the path integral approach and functional methods. In the thermodynamic limit, N→∞, the systems exhibit phase transitions from normal to superradiant phase at some critical values of temperature and coupling constant. We find the asymptotic behavior of the partition functions and the collective spectrums of the systems in the normal and the superradiant phases. We observe that the collective spectrums have zero energy values in the superradiant phases, corresponding to the Goldstone mode associated to the continuous symmetry breaking of the models. Our analysis and results are valid in the limit of zero temperature β→∞, where the models exhibit quantum phase transitions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multiple-trait random regression models for the estimation of genetic parameters for milk, fat, and protein yield in buffaloes

In this study, genetic parameters for test-day milk, fat, and protein yield were estimated for the first lactation. The data analyzed consisted of 1,433 first lactations of Murrah buffaloes, daughters of 113 sires from 12 herds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with calvings from 1985 to 2007. Ten-month classes of lactation days were considered for the test-day yields. The (co)variance components for the 3 traits were estimated using the regression analyses by Bayesian inference applying an animal model by Gibbs sampling. The contemporary groups were defined as herd-year-month of the test day. In the model, the random effects were additive genetic, permanent environment, and residual. The fixed effects were contemporary group and number of milkings (1 or 2), the linear and quadratic effects of the covariable age of the buffalo at calving, as well as the mean lactation curve of the population, which was modeled by orthogonal Legendre polynomials of fourth order. The random effects for the traits studied were modeled by Legendre polynomials of third and fourth order for additive genetic and permanent environment, respectively, the residual variances were modeled considering 4 residual classes. The heritability estimates for the traits were moderate (from 0.21-0.38), with higher estimates in the intermediate lactation phase. The genetic correlation estimates within and among the traits varied from 0.05 to 0.99. The results indicate that the selection for any trait test day will result in an indirect genetic gain for milk, fat, and protein yield in all periods of the lactation curve. The accuracy associated with estimated breeding values obtained using multi-trait random regression was slightly higher (around 8%) compared with single-trait random regression. This difference may be because to the greater amount of information available per animal. © 2013 American Dairy Science Association.

Wave equation depth migration using complex Padé approximation

Propomos um novo método de migração em profundidade baseado na solução da equação da onda com densidade constante no domínio da freqüência. Uma aproximação de Padé complexa é usada para aproximar o operador de evolução aplicado na extrapolação do campo de ondas. Esse método reduz as imprecisões e instabilidades devido às ondas evanescentes e produz imagens com menos ruídos numéricos que aquelas obtidas usando-se a aproximação de Padé real para o operador exponencial, principalmente em meios com fortes variações de velocidades. Testes em dados de afastamento nulo do modelo de sal SEG/EAGE e nos dados de tiro comum 2-D Marmousi foram realizados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o método de migração proposto consegue lidar com fortes variações laterais e também tem uma boa resposta para refletores com mergulhos íngremes. Os resultados foram comparados àqueles resultados obtidos com os métodos split-step Fourier (SSF), phase shift plus interpolarion (PSPI) e Fourier diferenças-finitas (FFD).

Simulação de perfis nucleares de poço em formações complexas

A identificação e descrição dos caracteres litológicos de uma formação são indispensáveis à avaliação de formações complexas. Com este objetivo, tem sido sistematicamente usada a combinação de ferramentas nucleares em poços não-revestidos. Os perfis resultantes podem ser considerados como a interação entre duas fases distintas: • Fase de transporte da radiação desde a fonte até um ou mais detectores, através da formação. • Fase de detecção, que consiste na coleção da radiação, sua transformação em pulsos de corrente e, finalmente, na distribuição espectral destes pulsos. Visto que a presença do detector não afeta fortemente o resultado do transporte da radiação, cada fase pode ser simulada independentemente uma da outra, o que permite introduzir um novo tipo de modelamento que desacopla as duas fases. Neste trabalho, a resposta final é simulada combinando soluções numéricas do transporte com uma biblioteca de funções resposta do detector, para diferentes energias incidentes e para cada arranjo específico de fontes e detectores. O transporte da radiação é calculado através do algoritmo de elementos finitos (FEM), na forma de fluxo escalar 2½-D, proveniente da solução numérica da aproximação de difusão para multigrupos da equação de transporte de Boltzmann, no espaço de fase, dita aproximação P₁, onde a variável direção é expandida em termos dos polinômios ortogonais de Legendre. Isto determina a redução da dimensionalidade do problema, tornando-o mais compatível com o algoritmo FEM, onde o fluxo dependa exclusivamente da variável espacial e das propriedades físicas da formação. A função resposta do detector NaI(Tl) é obtida independentemente pelo método Monte Carlo (MC) em que a reconstrução da vida de uma partícula dentro do cristal cintilador é feita simulando, interação por interação, a posição, direção e energia das diferentes partículas, com a ajuda de números aleatórios aos quais estão associados leis de probabilidades adequadas. Os possíveis tipos de interação (Rayleigh, Efeito fotoelétrico, Compton e Produção de pares) são determinados similarmente. Completa-se a simulação quando as funções resposta do detector são convolvidas com o fluxo escalar, produzindo como resposta final, o espectro de altura de pulso do sistema modelado. Neste espectro serão selecionados conjuntos de canais denominados janelas de detecção. As taxas de contagens em cada janela apresentam dependências diferenciadas sobre a densidade eletrônica e a fitologia. Isto permite utilizar a combinação dessas janelas na determinação da densidade e do fator de absorção fotoelétrico das formações. De acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida, os perfis, tanto em modelos de camadas espessas quanto finas, puderam ser simulados. O desempenho do método foi testado em formações complexas, principalmente naquelas em que a presença de minerais de argila, feldspato e mica, produziram efeitos consideráveis capazes de perturbar a resposta final das ferramentas. Os resultados mostraram que as formações com densidade entre 1.8 e 4.0 g/cm³ e fatores de absorção fotoelétrico no intervalo de 1.5 a 5 barns/e^-, tiveram seus caracteres físicos e litológicos perfeitamente identificados. As concentrações de Potássio, Urânio e Tório, puderam ser obtidas com a introdução de um novo sistema de calibração, capaz de corrigir os efeitos devidos à influência de altas variâncias e de correlações negativas, observadas principalmente no cálculo das concentrações em massa de Urânio e Potássio. Na simulação da resposta da sonda CNL, utilizando o algoritmo de regressão polinomial de Tittle, foi verificado que, devido à resolução vertical limitada por ela apresentada, as camadas com espessuras inferiores ao espaçamento fonte - detector mais distante tiveram os valores de porosidade aparente medidos erroneamente. Isto deve-se ao fato do algoritmo de Tittle aplicar-se exclusivamente a camadas espessas. Em virtude desse erro, foi desenvolvido um método que leva em conta um fator de contribuição determinado pela área relativa de cada camada dentro da zona de máxima informação. Assim, a porosidade de cada ponto em subsuperfície pôde ser determinada convolvendo estes fatores com os índices de porosidade locais, porém supondo cada camada suficientemente espessa a fim de adequar-se ao algoritmo de Tittle. Por fim, as limitações adicionais impostas pela presença de minerais perturbadores, foram resolvidas supondo a formação como que composta por um mineral base totalmente saturada com água, sendo os componentes restantes considerados perturbações sobre este caso base. Estes resultados permitem calcular perfis sintéticos de poço, que poderão ser utilizados em esquemas de inversão com o objetivo de obter uma avaliação quantitativa mais detalhada de formações complexas.

Novas configurações de interferômetros de quadratura e de técnicas de detecção de fase óptica baseadas em phase unwrapping

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

First-Principles Study of Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions and Electronic Properties of Ag2MoO4

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A DFT Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of ZnS Polymorphs and its Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Processing and structural properties of random oriented lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin films

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of double excitation AC/DC in the reactive power demand of 3-phase transformers

In this work it is discussed the performance of the reactive power demand in three-leg transformer core and three-phase transformer bank, under different conditions of AC/DC double excitation. In order to analyse the influence of double excitation in reactive power theoretically a mathematical model was developed considering the mutual coupling between phases and the magnetic nonlinearity. The validity of the proposed model is verified by means of the experimental and simulated results.

A two-layer approximation to the Brazil Current-Intermediate Western Boundary Current System between 20 degrees S and 28 degrees S

It has been shown that the vertical structure of the Brazil Current (BC)-Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC) System is dominated by the first baroclinic mode at 22 degrees S-23 degrees S. In this work, we employed the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model to investigate whether the rich mesoscale activity of this current system, between 20 degrees S and 28 degrees S, is reproduced by a two-layer approximation of its vertical structure. The model results showed cyclonic and anticyclonic meanders propagating southwestward along the current axis, resembling the dynamical pattern of Rossby waves superposed on a mean flow. Analysis of the upper layer zonal velocity component, using a space-time diagram, revealed a dominant wavelength of about 450 km and phase velocity of about 0.20 ms(-1) southwestward. The results also showed that the eddy-like structures slowly grew in amplitude as they moved downstream. Despite the simplified design of the numerical experiments conducted here, these results compared favorably with observations and seem to indicate that weakly unstable long baroclinic waves are responsible for most of the variability observed in the BC-IWBC system. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Partially Observed Markov Random Fields Are Variable Neighborhood Random Fields

The present paper has two goals. First to present a natural example of a new class of random fields which are the variable neighborhood random fields. The example we consider is a partially observed nearest neighbor binary Markov random field. The second goal is to establish sufficient conditions ensuring that the variable neighborhoods are almost surely finite. We discuss the relationship between the almost sure finiteness of the interaction neighborhoods and the presence/absence of phase transition of the underlying Markov random field. In the case where the underlying random field has no phase transition we show that the finiteness of neighborhoods depends on a specific relation between the noise level and the minimum values of the one-point specification of the Markov random field. The case in which there is phase transition is addressed in the frame of the ferromagnetic Ising model. We prove that the existence of infinite interaction neighborhoods depends on the phase.

Dissipation effects in random transverse-field Ising chains

We study the effects of Ohmic, super-Ohmic, and sub-Ohmic dissipation on the zero-temperature quantum phase transition in the random transverse-field Ising chain by means of an (asymptotically exact) analytical strong-disorder renormalization-group approach. We find that Ohmic damping destabilizes the infinite-randomness critical point and the associated quantum Griffiths singularities of the dissipationless system. The quantum dynamics of large magnetic clusters freezes completely, which destroys the sharp phase transition by smearing. The effects of sub-Ohmic dissipation are similar and also lead to a smeared transition. In contrast, super-Ohmic damping is an irrelevant perturbation; the critical behavior is thus identical to that of the dissipationless system. We discuss the resulting phase diagrams, the behavior of various observables, and the implications to higher dimensions and experiments.