High-impact exercise in rats prior to and during suspension can prevent bone loss

High-impact exercise has been considered an important method for treating bone loss in osteopenic experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effects of osteopenia caused by inactivity in femora and tibiae of rats subjected to jump training using the rat tail suspension model. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10 each group): jump training for 2 weeks before suspension and training during 3 weeks of suspension; jump training for 2 weeks before suspension; jump training only during suspension; suspension without any training; and a control group. The exercise protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week, with a jump height of 40 cm. The bone mineral density of the femora and tibiae was measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry and the same bones were evaluated by mechanical tests. Bone microarchitecture was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups. Significance was determined as P<0.05. Regarding bone mineral density, mechanical properties and bone microarchitecture, the beneficial effects were greater in the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training and subsequently to training during suspension, compared with the bones of animals subjected to pre-suspension training or to training during suspension. Our results indicate that a period of high impact exercise prior to tail suspension in rats can prevent the installation of osteopenia if there is also training during the tail suspension.

Generative Part-Based Gabor Object Detector

Object detection is a fundamental task of computer vision that is utilized as a core part in a number of industrial and scientific applications, for example, in robotics, where objects need to be correctly detected and localized prior to being grasped and manipulated. Existing object detectors vary in (i) the amount of supervision they need for training, (ii) the type of a learning method adopted (generative or discriminative) and (iii) the amount of spatial information used in the object model (model-free, using no spatial information in the object model, or model-based, with the explicit spatial model of an object). Although some existing methods report good performance in the detection of certain objects, the results tend to be application specific and no universal method has been found that clearly outperforms all others in all areas. This work proposes a novel generative part-based object detector. The generative learning procedure of the developed method allows learning from positive examples only. The detector is based on finding semantically meaningful parts of the object (i.e. a part detector) that can provide additional information to object location, for example, pose. The object class model, i.e. the appearance of the object parts and their spatial variance, constellation, is explicitly modelled in a fully probabilistic manner. The appearance is based on bio-inspired complex-valued Gabor features that are transformed to part probabilities by an unsupervised Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The proposed novel randomized GMM enables learning from only a few training examples. The probabilistic spatial model of the part configurations is constructed with a mixture of 2D Gaussians. The appearance of the parts of the object is learned in an object canonical space that removes geometric variations from the part appearance model. Robustness to pose variations is achieved by object pose quantization, which is more efficient than previously used scale and orientation shifts in the Gabor feature space. Performance of the resulting generative object detector is characterized by high recall with low precision, i.e. the generative detector produces large number of false positive detections. Thus a discriminative classifier is used to prune false positive candidate detections produced by the generative detector improving its precision while keeping high recall. Using only a small number of positive examples, the developed object detector performs comparably to state-of-the-art discriminative methods.

Effect of holding period prior to storage on the chemical attributes of Starking Delicious apples during refrigerated storage

In this research, the effects of three different holding periods (6, 12 and 24 hours) prior to storage on the quality attributes of Starking Delicious apples were investigated during storage of 8 months at 0.5 ± 1.0 ºC. Changes in weight loss, flesh firmness, pH values, soluble dry matter amount, titratable acidity values, ascorbic acid contents, and total and reducing sugar content were determined. According to the results, the holding period showed statistically significant changes in the quality attributes of the apples (p < 0.05).

Metaphysics in Königsberg prior to Kant (1703-1770)

The present contribute aims to reconstruct, using the methodology of intellectual history, the broad spectrum of metaphysical doctrines that Kant could know during the years of the formation of his philosophy. The first part deals with the teaching of metaphysics in Königsberg from 1703 to 1770. The second part examines the main characteristics of the metaphysics in the various handbooks, which were taught at the Albertina, in order to have an exhaustive overview of all metaphysical positions.

Primum acconensis, deinde Tusculani episcopi : libri duo quorum prior orientalis, sive hierosolymitanae, alter occidentalis alter historiae nomine inscribitur ([Reprod.])

[Historia Hierosolymitana abbreviata (latin). 1597]

Llibri duo, quorum prior orientalis, sive hierosolymitanae, alter occidentalis historiae nomine inscribitur ([Reprod.]) / omnia nunc primum studio & opera D. Francisci Moschi,... e tenebris & situ in lucem edita

[Historia Hierosolymitana abbreviata (latin). 1597]

1.° Regula sancti Benedicti : conjectae ad marginem et ad calcem glossae. — 2.° Necrologium quod videtur esse abbatiae sancti Benigni Divionensis : nomina pleraque deleta sunt. — 3.° Rubricae ad usum Monachorum, fortasse ejusdem abbatiae sancti Benigni. — Hujusce codicis pars prior duodecimo saeculo, altera decimo tertio videtur exarata.

Philiberti de la Mare

1.° Vita sancti Martini : authore Sulpitio Severo ; desideratur initium. — 2.° Ejusdem Sulpitii epistola ad Eusebium, Presbyterum. — 3.° Ejusdem epistola ad Aurelium, Diaconum. — 4.° Ejusdem epistola ad Bassulam, socrum suam. — 5.° Ejusdem dialogorum libri tres. — 6.° Versiculi in laudem sancti Martini. — 7.° Sancti Martini liber de Trinitate. — 8.° Vita S. Briccii, Turonensis Episcopi. — 9.° Gregorii Turonensis epistolae de transitu sancti Martini. — 10.° Sancti Anselmi, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, meditationes : finis desideratur. — Hujusce codicis pars prior saeculo decimo, posterior decimo quarto videtur exarata.

Colbertinus

1.° Breviarium historiae Romanae : authore Eutropio ; tres libri postremi desiderantur. — 2.° Sancti Isidori Hispalensis chronicon Gothorum. — 3.° Excerpta ex historia Pauli Orosii, et ex Isidori etymologiis. — 4.° Testamentum Caroli Magni. — 5.° Anonymi liber de septem mirabilibus mundi. — 6.° De Mahomete ejusque errore fragmentum, quod Isidoro tribuitur. — Hujusce codicis pars prior saeculo duodecimo exeunte, posterior decimo quarto videtur exarata.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

Note that John Brown has done grading in the section between Geneva Street and Slabtown [known as Merritton prior to amalgamation with St. Catharines in 1961]

Note that John Brown has done grading in the section between Geneva Street and Slabtown [known as Merritton prior to amalgamation with St. Catharines in 1961]. This document is badly stained and faded. It is signed by S.D. Woodruff, 1855.

Informe que dieron los señores D. José Ruiz de la Bárcena, comisario de guerra honorario, D. José María de Echabe y Teniente Coronel D. Gregorio Sáenz de Sicilia, prior y cónsules del Real Tribunal del Consulado de México al Exmo. Sr. D. Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, virey Gobernador y Capitán General de esta Nueva España... Escrito por el Lic. D. Basilio De

UANL

R. P. Ioannis Maldonati Societatis Iesu theologi, Commentarii in quatuor Euangelistas : In duos tomos diuisi, & nunc emendatius in lucem editi. Quorum prior eos, qui in Matthaeum, & Marcum; posterior eos, qui in Lucam, & Ioannem, complectitur.

UANL