'Regina v John Terry': The Discursive Construction of an Alleged Racist Event

This article explores the conformation in discourse of a verbal exchange and its subsequent mediatised and legal ramifications. The event concerns an allegedly racist insult directed by high profile English professional footballer John Terry towards another player, Anton Ferdinand, during a televised match in October 2011. The substance of Terry’s utterance, which included the noun phrase ‘fucking black cunt’, was found by a Chief Magistrate not to be a racist insult, although the fact that these actual words were framed within the utterance was not in dispute. The upshot of this ruling was that Terry was acquitted of a racially aggravated public order offence. A subsequent investigation by the regulatory commission of the English Football Association (FA) ruled, almost a year after the event, that Terry was guilty of racially abusing Ferdinand. Terry was banned for four matches and fined £220,000.

It is our contention that this event, played out in legal rulings, social media and print and broadcast media, constitutes a complex web of linguistic structures and strategies in discourse, and as such lends itself well to analysis with a broad range of tools from pragmatics, discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics. Amongst other things, such an analysis can help explain the seemingly anomalous - even contradictory - position adopted in the legal ruling with regard to the speech act status of ‘fucking black cunt’; namely, that the racist content of the utterance was not contested but that the speaker was found not to have issued a racist insult. Over its course, the article addresses this broader issue by making reference to the systemic-functional interpersonal function of language, particularly to the concepts of modality, polarity and modalisation. It also draws on models of verbal irony from linguistic pragmatics, notably from the theory of irony as echoic mention (c.f. Sperber and Wilson, 1981; Wilson and Sperber, 1992). Furthermore, the article makes use of the cognitive-linguistic framework, Text World Theory (c.f. Gavins, 2007; Werth, 1999) to examine the discourse positions occupied by key actors and adapts, from cognitive poetics, the theory of mind-modelling (c.f. Stockwell, 2009) to explore the conceptual means through which these actors discursively negotiate the event.

It is argued that the pragmatic and cognitive strategies that frame the entire incident go a long way towards mitigating the impact of so ostensibly stark an act of racial abuse. Moreover, it is suggested here that the reconciliation of Terry’s action was a result of the confluence of strategies of discourse with relations of power as embodied by the media, the law and perceptions of nationhood embraced by contemporary football culture. It is further proposed that the outcome of this episode, where the FA was put in the spotlight, and where both the conflict and its key antagonists were ‘intranational’, was strongly impelled by the institution of English football and its governing body both to reproduce and maintain social, cultural and ethnic cohesion and to avoid any sense that the event featured a discernable ‘out-group’.

A Compositional and Interpretable Semantic Space

Vector Space Models (VSMs) of Semantics are useful tools for exploring the semantics of single words, and the composition of words to make phrasal meaning. While many methods can estimate the meaning (i.e. vector) of a phrase, few do so in an interpretable way. We introduce a new method (CNNSE) that allows word and phrase vectors to adapt to the notion of composition. Our method learns a VSM that is both tailored to support a chosen semantic composition operation, and whose resulting features have an intuitive interpretation. Interpretability allows for the exploration of phrasal semantics, which we leverage to analyze performance on a behavioral task.

Fast Mining of Interesting Phrases from Subsets of Text Corpora

We address the problem of mining interesting phrases from subsets of a text corpus where the subset is specified using a set of features such as keywords that form a query. Previous algorithms for the problem have proposed solutions that involve sifting through a phrase dictionary based index or a document-based index where the solution is linear in either the phrase dictionary size or the size of the document subset. We propose the usage of an independence assumption between query keywords given the top correlated phrases, wherein the pre-processing could be reduced to discovering phrases from among the top phrases per each feature in the query. We then outline an indexing mechanism where per-keyword phrase lists are stored either in disk or memory, so that popular aggregation algorithms such as No Random Access and Sort-merge Join may be adapted to do the scoring at real-time to identify the top interesting phrases. Though such an approach is expected to be approximate, we empirically illustrate that very high accuracies (of over 90%) are achieved against the results of exact algorithms. Due to the simplified list-aggregation, we are also able to provide response times that are orders of magnitude better than state-of-the-art algorithms. Interestingly, our disk-based approach outperforms the in-memory baselines by up to hundred times and sometimes more, confirming the superiority of the proposed method.

In Support of the Matrix Language Frame Model: Evidence from Igbo-English Intrasentential Codeswitching

This paper explores the morphosyntactic features of mixed nominal expressions in a sample of empirical Igbo-English intrasentential codeswitching data (i.e. codeswitching within a bilingual clause) in terms of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model. Since both Igbo and English differ in the relative order of head and complement within the nominal argument phrase, the analysed data seem appropriate for testing the veracity of the principal assumption underpinning the MLF model: the notion that the two languages (in our case Igbo and English) participating in codeswitching do not both contribute equally to the morphosyntactic frame of a mixed constituent. As it turns out, the findings provide both empirical and quantitative support for the basic theoretical view that there is a Matrix Language (ML) versus Embedded Language (EL) hierarchy in classic codeswitching as predicted by the MLF model because both Igbo and English do not simultaneously satisfy the roles of the ML in Igbo-English codeswitching.

A improvisação como ferramenta pedagógica no ensino vocacional de piano

Resumo I - A frequência do Estágio do Ensino Especializado proporcionou uma oportunidade de observar o ensino de piano numa das escolas mais importantes do ensino da música em Portugal, acompanhando alunos do Curso Básico e do Curso Secundário, que frequentaram a Escola de Música do Conservatório Nacional no regime integrado. O processo de observação de aulas que decorreu deste estágio possibilitou-nos assistir às aulas de piano de uma professora experiente, permitindo a observação de metodologias consolidadas e assistir de perto à forma como estas são postas em prática. Por outro lado, através da leccionação de aulas observadas, foi dada a oportunidade de testar e reflectir sobre o próprio desempenho docente, procurando estratégias e ferramentas pedagógicas que possam vir a acrescentar qualidade à prática pedagógica. O ensino especializado da música em Portugal tem experimentado mudanças importantes, o que leva a que haja uma adaptação das escolas às mudanças, continuando a leccionar um ensino de qualidade, que se quer cada vez mais eficaz, inovador, e com professores cada vez melhor fundamentados e preparados.

Aspects of Passives in Capeverdean (Santiago’s variety)

The present dissertation intends to study passives in Capeverdean. I argue that Capeverdean have eventive passives with specific morphology, postverbal morphemes, -du and -da, which affix to the verb to form passives and interact with the TMA morphemes available in the language in the same way as in the active voice. I also show that Capeverdean only allows short passives. However, this study demonstrates that the by-phrase, although not expressed phonologically, is implicit and can be tracked through instrumentals and Agent-oriented adverbs. In order to account for this specific property of Capeverdean passives, I assume the existence of a Voice head which introduces the external argument in all finite sentences in Capeverdean, except in unaccusatives, following proposals from Marantz (1984), Kratzer (1996), Sailor & Ahn (2010), Pratas (2014). I also assume that this Voice head is subject to a Doubly Filled Comp Filter, similar to what is proposed in Koopman (1997), which determines that either heads or specifiers can be overt, never both. In the case of passives, I propose that external argument is in Spec,Voice and the passive morphology is lexicalized in Voice0 and that while Spec,Voice is silent, Voice0 is not. This configuration can be explained if it is assumed, following Costa & Martins (2004), that in Capeverdean passives Voice0 is a strong functional head, thus requiring visibility at PF. This restriction, combined with the Doubly Filled Comp filter, imposes that Spec,Voice is silent.

ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: developing European guidelines in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.

The process to develop a guideline in a European setting remains a challenge. The ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) successfully achieved this endeavour. After two face-to-face meetings, numerous telephone conferences, and email correspondence, an ESCMID task force (basically composed of members of the Society's Fungal Infection Study Group, EFISG) finalized the ESCMID diagnostic and management/therapeutic guideline for Candida diseases. By appreciating various patient populations at risk for Candida diseases, four subgroups were predefined, mainly ICU patients, paediatric, HIV/AIDS and patients with malignancies including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Besides treatment recommendations, the ESCMID guidelines provide guidance for diagnostic procedures. For the guidelines, questions were formulated to phrase the intention of a given recommendation, for example, outcome. The recommendation was the clinical intervention, which was graded by a score of A-D for the 'Strength of a recommendation'. The 'level of evidence' received a score of I-III. The author panel was approved by ESCMID, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. The guidelines followed the framework of GRADE and Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation. The drafted guideline was presented at ECCMID 2011 and points of discussion occurring during that meeting were incorporated into the manuscripts. These ESCMID guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases provide guidance for clinicians in their daily decision-making process.

Infancy Gospels. Stories and Identities

Even though the canonical Jesus' infancy stories have always provoked great interest in popular culture and in the arts, they have been neglected in research during the last decades due to the relatively late date of their redaction. Since the monograph by Raymond Brown, The Birth of the Messiah , the researchers working on this topic have not attempted to consider its historical impact. In this volume, an international team of scholars proposes firstly a reconsideration of the historical background of these stories in terms of early Jewish and Christian identity quests. Secondly, they deal with early Christian questions on Jesus' infancy and childhood through canonical and apocryphal Gospels including information from Patristic and documentary literature. On the theological level, this volume illustrates the impact that these apocryphal texts, recognized as "useful for the soul" (a phrase coined by François Bovon), have had on the Christian faith.

[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi adressée à Du Locle, Gênes, 25 décembre 1871]

Comprend aussi une phrase et signature autographe de Teresa Stolz

Notulae biographicae præpositorum generalium carmelitarum discalceatorum congregationis italicae, 1600-1787.

Ce ms. constitue la mise au net du ms. B. n. F., lat. 17652 qui a servi de brouillon. F. 1 Titre : «Series chronologica præpositorum generalium carmelitarum discalceatorum congregationis italicae, cum singulorum effigie ad vivum nitidissime æri incisa [ce dernier membre de phrase est cancellé], necnon elogio manuscripto». F. 3-14v Notice biographique de chacun des préposés généraux des Carmes déchaux de la congrégation d'Italie de 1600 à 1787; chaque nom est précédé d'un ou plusieurs chiffres romains donnant le numéro d'ordre du préposé. Pour les derniers, seul figure le nom et le numéro d'ordre. Chaque page est divisée en deux cadres, et chaque notice en occupe un, rarement deux. «I. IV. IX. Ferdinandus a Sancta Maria. In saeculo dictus Ferdinandus Martinez...-... LIII. Hilarion ab Omnibus Sanctis» (14v); cf. A. Fortes, Acta capituli generalis O. C. D. congregationis s. Eliae, 3 vol., Rome, 1990-1992 (Monumenta historica Carmeli Teresiani 11, 13-14). À noter, parmi les références bibliographiques, celles qui concernent directement les Carmes déchaux : elles sont données ci-dessous sous une forme normalisée (entre parenthèses le feuillet où figure la première occurrence), alors que l'auteur donne en général le titre et le nom de l'auteur, sous une forme latinisée approximative, avec parfois le lieu et la date d'impression : Juan Caramuel Lobkowitz, Caramuelis Dominicus..., Vienne, 1655 (3v); Jean Chardin, Voyages de Monsieur le chevalier Chardin en Perse, Paris, 1723 (4v); Daniel a Virgine Maria, Speculum carmelitanum, Anvers, 1680 (3); Eusebius ab Omnibus Sanctis, Enchyridion chronologicum carmelitarum discalceatorum congregationis Italiae, Rome, 1737 (4), cet ouvrage est le plus fréquemment cité, on en trouve un exemplaire à la Vaticane et un microfilm à la Library of Congress; Francisco de Santa Maria, Historia general profetica de la orden de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Madrid, 1630 (3); Franciscus Joseph a Sancta Margarita, Necrologium præpositorum generalium, non identifié (5); Isidore de Saint-Joseph, Historia reformationis s. Theresiae, non identifié (4v); Isidore de Saint-Joseph et Pierre de Saint-André, Historia generalis Fratrum discalceatorum ordinis B. M. V. de Monte Carmelo congregationis s. Eliae, Rome, 1668-1671 (4v); Louis Jacob, Bibliotheca carmelitana manuscripta, non identifié (5v); Juan de Jesus Maria, Historia missionum; Vita Petri a Matre Dei (3), ces deux ouvrages n'ont pu être identifiés, ils ne figurent pas dans les Opera omnia publiées à Cologne en 1622; Aubert Le Mire, Bibliotheca ecclesiastica, 2e partie, Anvers, 1649 (3v); Louis de Sainte-Thérèse, Annales carmelitarum excalceatorum Galliae (4v), non identifié; Martial de Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Bibliotheca scriptorum utriusque congregationis et sexus carmelitarum discalceatorum, Bordeaux, 1730 (3); Paulus ab Omnibus Sanctis, Clavis aurea thesauri partheno-carmelitici..., Vienne, 1669, si ce titre correspond au «Catalogus scriptorum» du f. 3; Philippe de la Très Sainte Trinité, Decus carmelitanum, ouvrage non identifié (4v); Id., Historia carmelitani ordinis..., Lyon, 1656 (3); Id., Itinerarium orientale R.P.F. Philippi a SS. Trinitate, Lyon, 1649 (4v); Id., La Vie du vénérable père Dominique de Jésus Maria..., Lyon, 1669 (5); le P.Théophile Raynaud, Scapulare partheno-carmeliticum, Paris, 1654 (3v); [Cosme de Villiers de Saint-Étienne] «editor anonymus», Bibliotheca carmelitana, Orléans, 1752 (5).

Autre exemplaire de la relation contenue dans le ms. français 5094. Cet exemplaire est dédié à Françoise d'Albret, troisième femme de Jean de Bourgogne, comte de Nevers, mort en 1491. Cette dame vécut jusqu'en 1522. La dédicace qui lui est adressé est en 12 vers. Premier vers (fol. 1 v°) : « Noble contesse de Nevers, dame prudente... ».

Même ornementation, mêmes armoiries que dans le ms. français 5094. Le texte de ce ms., qui offre en plusieurs endroits des lacunes que nous indiquerons dans un instant, donne au feuillet 5 v° une strophe de 8 vers qui n'existe pas dans les exemplaires précédents : « Ensemble furent si bien d'accord Qu'ilz engendrèrent un fils de grant noblesse, Nommé Jehan, dit conte de Monfort, Après la mort de la noble duchesse, Et quatre filles qui en grant leesse Furent toutes colloquées haultement, Car de France, la royalle haultesse, Fut descendue la noble Yollant » . Quant aux lacunes, en voici l'énumération : Fol. 31. Ce feuillet est mutilé de la marge droite, de sorte qu'il ne donne pas les deux écussons coloriés qui accompagnent dans les autres mss. la notice relative à Étampes et à Hue Le Maire, sieur de Chaillou. — Entre les feuillets 33 et 34 est une lacune qui correspond aux 4 vers relatifs à N.-D. des Champs, au départ du corps de la reine de l'église N.-D. des Champs, le 14 février 1514, jusqu'aux premières lignes du sermon prononcé à St-Denis par M. Parvy, confesseur de la reine, le 16 février 1514, là où l'orateur donne l'origine de l'hermine qui figure dans les armes de Bretagne, soit en tout une lacune de 18 pages. — Au revers du feuillet 42 devrait être une miniature représentant la « chapelle royalle ardant » en l'église des Carmes, à Nantes, où fut déposé le coeur d'Anne de Bretagne. Cette miniature n'a pas été exécutée, et la place est restée en blanc. Après cette miniature existent dans les autres mss. 20 vers qui ne figurent pas dans le présent ms. — Entre les feuillets 44 et 45 manquent 31 lignes, soit la valeur d'une page et 6 lignes, qui commencent par l'épitaphe de François II, duc de Bretagne : « Si dedans gist le corps du duc Françoys, deuxe de ce nom, lequel regna trente deux... », et finissent par la description du coeur d'or contenant le coeur d'Anne de Bretagne, dont la portraiture, qui existe dans les mss. précédents, manque dans celui-ci. — Les 38 lignes qui forment la fin de notre relation dans les mss. précédents, manquent dans celui-ci, qui s'arrête avec la phrase : « Ainsy finirent iceulx services, mais les pleurs, criz et lamentacions auront longue durée. Prions Dieu pour elle, celluy qui son ame a créé ».

吳醫彚講Wu yi hui jiang.Collection de traités des médecins de Wu.

Contient : I, livre 1禱告藥王誓疏Dao gao yue wang shi su.Prière au dieu de la médecine ; II, livre 1溫證論治Wen zheng lun zhi.Du traitement en cas de diagnostic par le tiède ; III, livre 1人身一小天地論Ren shen yi xiao tian di lun.Traité des analogies entre le corps humain (microcosme) et l'univers ; IV, livre 1書方宜人共識說Shu fang yi ren gong shi shuo.Traité sur l'exécution des ordonnances ; V, livre 2日講雜記Ri jiang za ji.Notes sur des leçons quotidiennes ; VI, livre 2金匱上工治未病一節辯Jin gui shang gong zhi wei bing yi jie bian.Discussion d'un point du Jin gui yao lüe lun ; VII, livre 3石芝醫話Shi zhi yi hua.Notes médicales de Shi zhi ; VIII, livre 3管見芻言Guan jian chu yan.Vues étroites et paroles humbles ; IX, livre 3核骨踝脛腨辨He gu hua xing shan bian.Discussion relative à la cheville, au tibia, au mollet ; X, livre 3爛喉丹痧論Lan hou dan sha (?) lun.Traité des inflammations et ulcérations de la gorge.Zang fu shou sheng bian.Discussion du contenu des organes internes.Bian zi rong zhi wei.Pour distinguer le faux zi rong, etc ; XI, livre 3大豆黃卷辯Da dou huang juan bian.Discussion au sujet du médicament da dou huang juan.Wen yi zhui yan.Notes sur les maladies épidémiques ; XII, livre 3合論丹溪景岳相火大意He lun dan qi jing yue xiang he da yi.Sur le sens de l'expression xiang he, d'après Dan qi et Jing yue ; XIII, livre 4人身一小天地亦有南北兩極論Ren shen yi xiao tian di yi you nan bei liang ji lun.Le corps humain, étant un microcosme, a un pôle nord et un pôle sud.Ming men mo zhen bian.De l'examen de la veine du rein droit ; XIV, livre 4治肝補脾論Zhi gan bu pi lun.Traitement du foie et de la rate ; XV, livre 4四維相代陽氣乃竭解Si wei xiang dai yang qi nai jie jie.Explication de la phrase : par la succession des quatre wei, le souffle mâle s'épuise ; XVI, livre 4辯素問濁氣歸心之訛Bian su wen zhuo qi gui xin zhi wo.Discussion de l'assertion erronée du Su wen que le souffle trouble revient au cœur ; XVII, livre 4祖氣論Zu qi lun.Sur l'influence productrice du ciel et de la terre ; XVIII, livre 5痘毒藏脾經說Dou du cang pi jing shuo.Le virus de la petite vérole est contenu dans la rate.Dou chu tong shi lun.Sur l'apparition simultanée de la petite vérole.Dou you tai yin zhuan shu yang ming lun.La petite vérole, du principe femelle, évolue vers le principe mâle ; XIX, livre 5擬張令韶傷寒直解辨證歌Yi zhang ling shao shang han zhi jie bian zheng ge.Sur le diagnostic de la fièvre typhoïde ; XX, livre 6三皇藥王考San huang yue wang kao.Sur la divinité de la médecine ; XXI, livre 6脈訣正訛Mo jue zheng wo.Correction au Mo jue ; XXII, livre 6趨庭雜記Qu ting za ji.Notes d'après Qu ting ; XXIII, livre 6辨醫書音義Bian yi shu yin yi.Discussion sur le son et le sens de termes employés dans les livres de médecine.Xia yue ji zhi shuo.Traité sur l'oranger épineux qui doit être évité pendant l'été ; XXIV, livre 6喜傷心恐勝喜解Xi shang xin kong sheng xi jie.Traité sur les maladies provenant de l'excès ou du défaut du souffle vital ; XXV, livre 6百合病贅言Bai he bing zhui yan.Notes sur la maladie appelée bai he ; XXVI, livre 7辨脾胃升降Bian pi wei sheng jiang.Discussion sur un traitement de la rate et de l'estomac ; XXVII, livre 7氣有餘便是火解Qi you yu bian shi he jie.Explication de la phrase : s'il y a excès d'esprit, c'est l'influence du feu.Dong yuan jing yue lun xiang he bian.Discussion des opinions de Zhang Jing yue et de Li Gao sur l'examen du principe feu ; XXVIII, livre 7幼科似驚非驚辨You ke si jing fei jing bian.Discussion sur une affection qui ressemble à la maladie dite jing (trouble, effroi) ; XXIX, livre 7司馬運氣贅言Si tian yun qi zhui yan.Notes sur les influences exercées par les principes célestes.Zhou shen jing luo zong jue.Traité du système des vaisseaux ; XXX, livre 8木鬱達之論Mu yu da zhi lun.Traité relatif à une phrase du Nei jing ; XXXI, livre 8保護元陽說Bao hu yuan yang shuo.Traité sur la protection du principe mâle ; XXXII, livre 8讀傷寒論附記Du shang han lun fu ji.Notes à propos du traité de la fièvre typhoïde ; XXXIII, livre 8論白痘Lun bai phei.Dissertation sur la maladie appelée pei blanche (ulcères laissant des croûtes ou cicatrices blanches) ; XXXIV, livre 8爛喉痧論Lan hou sha (?) lun.Traité des inflammations et ulcérations de la gorge ; XXXV, livre 8爛喉丹痧治宜論Lan hou dan sha (?) zhi yi lun.Sur le traitement des inflammations et ulcérations de la gorge ; XXXVI, livre 8痧疹今昔不同治法亦異說Sha (?) zhen jin xi bu tong zhi fa yi yi shuo.La maladie appelée sha (?) n'étant pas la même aujourd'hui qu'autrefois, le traitement aussi doit différer ; XXXVII, livre 8攝生雜話Sha sheng za hua.Notes pour régler la vie ; XXXVIII, livre 9四大家辯Si da jia bian.Discussion à propos de quatre personnages célèbres ; XXXIX, livre 9攷正古方權量說Kao zheng gu fang quan liang shuo.Traité sur la correction des poids des anciennes formules ; XL, livre 9生氣通天論病因章句辯Sheng qi tong tian lun bing yin zhang ju bian.Discussion de quatre paragraphes de l'ouvrage de Dan qi intitulé : Ge zhi yu lun ; XLI, livre 10虛勞論Xu lao lun.Traité de la maladie appelée xu lao (consomption ?) ; XLII, livre 10讀先祖保陰煎謹記Du xian zu bao yin jian jin ji.Notes sur la formule Bao yin jian, composée par son aïeul ; XLIII, livre 10六味地黃丸方解Liu wei di huang huan fang jie.Explication de la formule des pilules dites à six ingrédients et à base jaune ; XLIV, livre 10司天運氣徵驗Si tian yun qi zheng yan.Preuves des influences exercées par les principes célestes ; XLV, livre 11三焦說San jiao shuo.Traité des trois jiao

Heidegger on the way of thinking

This thesis attempts to clarify what Heidegger meant by the term "thinking" (Denken), where this ^'meanr is submitted in the double sense: firstly, in the sense of what Heidegger intended by the use and exposition of this term that we find in his lecture series. Was Heisst Denken?, where Heidegger quickly makes it clear that this intention is to actually bring thinking on the way, viz. making provision for the leap into thinking, and where this intention was carried out with the employment of a specific guiding phrase. In the second sense, it is an attempt at clarifying the meaning of the term. But this is not to say that we are here simply out to see how Heidegger defines the word '*thinking." It is in fact precisely within such definitive discourse that thought dies out. It is not merely be a case of defining a word, because this enterprise would be just as shallow as much as it would be unworkable. It is for this reason that Heidegger decided to establish for himself the task, not merely of explaining thinking as something to be beheld at a distance, but rather of bringing thinking underway by means of his lecture, proclaiming that, "Only the leap into the river tells us what is swimming. The question 'What is called thinking?' can never be answered by proposing a definition of the concept thinking, and then diligently explaining what is contained in that definition." (WCT, 21) This being Heidegger's intention, in order to understand Heidegger in his treatment of the term thinking, it is clear that we must also undergo an experience with thinking. It is in this spirit that the present work was written so as to collaborate the two senses of what Heidegger meant by "thinking."

"The whole earth as village" : a chronotopic analysis of Marshall McLuhan's "Global Village" and Patrick McGoohan's The Prisoner

Marshall McLuhan's "global village", and his theories on communications and technology, in conjunction with Patrick McGoohan's television series The Prisoner (ATV, 1967-1968) are explored in this thesis. The Prisoner, brainchild of McGoohan, is about the abduction and confinement of a British government agent imprisoned within the impenetrable boundaries of a benign but totalitarian city -state called "The Village". The purpose of his abduction and imprisonment is for the extraction of information regarding his resignation as a government spy. Marshall McLuhan originally popularized the phrase "the global village" in The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making o/the Topographic Man (1962), asserting that, "The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village" (p. 31). This thesis argues that valid parallels exist between McGoohan's conception of "village", as manifested in The Prisoner, and McLuhan's global village. The comprehensive methodological stratagem for this thesis includes Marshall McLuhan's "mosaic" approach, Mikhail Bakhtin's concept ofthe "chronotope", as well as a Foucauldian genealogicallhistorical discourse analysis. In the process of deconstructing McLuhan's texts and The Prisoner as products of the 1960s, an historical "constellation" (to use Walter Benjamin's concept) of the same present has been executed. By employing this synthesized methodology, conjunctions have been made between McLuhan's theories and the series' main themes of bureaucracy as dictatorship, the perversion of science and technology, freedom as illusion, and the individual in opposition to the collective. A thorough investigation of the global village and The Prisoner will determine whether or not Marshall McLuhan and/or Patrick McGoohan visualize the village as an enslaving technological reality.

Donald Ziraldo Fonds, 1968-2012, n.d.

Donald J. P. Ziraldo, C.M., BSc., LLD was born in St. Catharines, Ontario on October 13, 1948 to Fredrick and Irma (Schiratti) Ziraldo. He graduated Denis Morris High School in St. Catharines in 1967, and received his B.Sc. in Agriculture at the University of Guelph in 1971. In 1974, Ziraldo was running Ziraldo Nurseries when he met Austrian born schoolteacher, chemist and winemaker Karl J. Kaiser. They realized that there was a gap in the premium varietal wine market and decided to plant a premium traditional European variety of grape vine species, the Vitis vinifera. This was an innovation in the Niagara region because the current wine producers were not using premium European grapes at the time. Ziraldo and Kaiser founded and then formally incorporated Inniskillin Wines Inc. in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario on July 31, 1975. Ziraldo successfully lobbied General George Kitching, CEO of the LCBO, for a winery license. In 1975, Kitching granted him a winery license, the first in Ontario since Prohibition ended. From the beginning, there was a division of labour where Kaiser focused on the winemaking and Ziraldo focused on the marketing and promotion of the wines. Ziraldo also became president of the company. Ziraldo and Kaiser worked on improving their winemaking techniques and promoting their products and company. Ziraldo has been called ‘one of the founding fathers of the Canadian wine industry’, and it is widely acknowledged that both men played a large role in the success and growth of the Canadian wine industry. Together they pioneered the estate winery movement in Canada. A major turning point Inniskillin came in 1984 when Karl Kaiser successfully harvested the first Icewine crop from frozen grapes on the vine and bottled Eiswein Vidal (Icewine). In 1990, Inniskillin received worldwide recognition for this Icewine when their 1989 Vidal Icewine won the most prestigious award in the wine world, the Grand Prix d’Honneur, given at Vinexpo in France. This victory has been called ‘the award heard round the world’ and it launched Inniskillin into the international wine arena. At the same time, this helped lift the profile of Canadian wines in general. Inniskillin not only became Canada’s leading producer of Icewine, but it also became known for producing ‘one of the world’s great wines’. After the 1990 award, Ziraldo began a major public relations campaign to promote Inniskillin and build Icewine into a worldwide brand. He travelled broadly every year to promote the brand and products and networked extensively with politicians, celebrities, chefs, sommeliers, etc. To ensure worldwide and long-term success, Ziraldo introduced Icewine to Asia and the United States which were new markets. He developed a new Icewine glass with George Riedel. Tony Aspler has called Ziraldo ‘Canada’s Wine Ambassador’. Ziraldo was President of Inniskillin Wines Inc. (Niagara) from 1975 to 2006. In 1992, Inniskillin merged with Cartier Wines, and in 1993 Cartier Inniskillin Vintners Inc. merged with T.G. Bright & Co. Limited, forming the new company Vincor International Inc. Inniskillin wines was now a subsidiary of Vincor. Ziraldo became a Director at Vincor International Inc. from 1993 to 2004. From 1989 to the mid 1990s, Ziraldo also became President of Inniskillin Napa, in Napa Valley, California. Inniskillin purchased Napa Valley vineyards and produced wines under the Terra label. In 1994, Ziraldo set up a subsidiary estate winery of Inniskillin in Oliver, British Columbia which was called Inniskillin Okanagan Vineyards Inc. He became President of the winery. This started as a partnership between Inniskillin and the local Inkameep Indian Band in the Okanagan. In 2006, Ziraldo left Inniskillin and since that time he has been involved in other Icewine related ventures such as running Ziraldo Estate Winery and producing Ziraldo Riesling Icewine 2007. He also is in partnership with the Niagara based Equifera Estate Winery to produce Equifera Icewine. His most recent projects include planting Picolit grapes in his parent’s hometown, in a project called Picolit Di Fagagna and becoming Managing Director of the Senhora Do Convento Port Winery in Portugal. Donald Ziraldo was instrumental in the creation of the Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) in Ontario and was its founding Chair from 1988-1995. The VQA was established as a regulatory and appellation system which secured the quality and origin of Canadian wines made under this system. The VQA designation and bottle label gave the consumer confidence that the wines they were purchasing were 100% local products. The VQA system was set up first in Ontario and then in British Columbia.