Pieces of Iowa’s Past, April 10, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK:Controlling Noise and Dust During the 1956 Replacement of the Old Floor Tile on First Floor of Capitol BACKGROUND:This article was copied from the Capitol Building Newspaper Clippings Scrapbook. The scrapbook contains clippings from 1906 to the 1970s and was compiled by the State Library of Iowa—Law Library.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, April 17, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: Iowa State Capitol Structural Sandstone Origination From The Iowa Capitol Commissioners Reports Report of Capitol Architect A.H. Piquenard, submitted December 16, 1875 BACKGROUND: The Ste. Genevieve sandstone is the buff color stone on the exterior of the Capitol. The Carroll County sandstone was the light color or contrast stone on the Capitol exterior. The Carroll County stone did not wear well and was removed from the building during the exterior renovations in the 1980s and 1990s. Both sandstones are from Missouri.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, May 1, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: Steamboating on the Rivers in Iowa BACKGROUND: Built at Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819, the steamboat Virginia was a small stern-wheeler of 109-132 tons, and was owned by Redick McKee, James Pemberton, and seven others. She was 118 feet long, 18 feet 10 inches beam, and her depth was 5 feet 2 inches. She had a cabin on deck but no pilot house, being guided by a tiller at the stern.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, May 8, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: Iowa State Capitol Furniture Past and Present Although most of the original furniture for the Capitol was ordered from established manufacturers and retail furniture stores, there were some pieces designed for specific areas of the building. These pieces were built on-site in a small wooden building erected directly west of the Capitol. Some of these remarkable pieces of furniture were subsequently dismantled and destroyed. Some of the pieces remain in the building as a reminder of the amazing craftsmanship associated with the original woodworkers for the Iowa State Capitol.

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, May 15, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: First Governor’s Mansion

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, May 22, 2013

Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained THIS WEEK: Fort Madison Penitentiary BACKGROUND: From A glimpse of Iowa in 1846; or the Emigrant’s Guide, and State Directory By John B. Newhall Published 1846

Els polítics de Lleida al Trienni Liberal (1820-1823)

En aquest estudi es pretén analitzar la composició social i ideològica dels quatre consistoris municipals que es van formar a la ciutat de Lleida al Trienni Liberal. A l'inici d'aquesta nova etapa històrica ja es va comprovar com els individus (sobretot nobles) que van controlar l'Ajuntament de Lleida al sexenni absolutista posterior a la Guerra del Francés van perdurar, per tant, no es produir cap revolució. Tot i que poc a poc aquests elements més absolutistes i com a màxim més identificats amb el liberalisme més moderat i proper al tradicionalisme van anant deixant pas a una nova classe dirigent política procedent dels sectors socials més dinàmics (professions liberals i activitats comercials), la qual va fer-se amb el consistori lleidatà a l'any 1823, va ser el triomf dels "exaltats". Aquesta experiència va finalitzar amb la invasió dels Cent Mil Fills de Sant Lluís i la posterior destrucció del règim constitucional.

Food traditions and landscape histories of the Indian Ocean World : theoretical and methodological reflections

Environmental histories of plant exchanges have largely centred on their eco- nomic importance in international trade and on their ecological and social impacts in the places where they were introduced. Yet few studies have at- tempted to examine how plants brought from elsewhere become incorporated over time into the regional cultures of material life and agricultural landscapes. This essay considers the theoretical and methodological problems in inves- tigating the environmental history, diversity and distribution of food plants transferred across the Indian Ocean over several millennia. It brings together concepts of creolisation, syncretism, and hybridity to outline a framework for understanding how biotic exchanges and diffusions have been translated into regional landscape histories through food traditions, ritual practices and articu- lation of cultural identity. We use the banana plant - which underwent early domestication across New Guinea, South-east Asia and peninsular India and reached East Africa roughly two thousand years ago - as an example for il- lustrating the diverse patterns of incorporation into the cultural symbolism, material life and regional landscapes of the Indian Ocean World. We show that this cultural evolutionary approach allows new historical insights to emerge and enriches ongoing debates regarding the antiquity of the plant's diffusion from South-east Asia to Africa.

A logic programming framework for possibilistic argumentation: formalization and logical properties

In the last decade defeasible argumentation frameworks have evolved to become a sound setting to formalize commonsense, qualitative reasoning. The logic programming paradigm has shown to be particularly useful for developing different argument-based frameworks on the basis of different variants of logic programming which incorporate defeasible rules. Most of such frameworks, however, are unable to deal with explicit uncertainty, nor with vague knowledge, as defeasibility is directly encoded in the object language. This paper presents Possibilistic Logic Programming (P-DeLP), a new logic programming language which combines features from argumentation theory and logic programming, incorporating as well the treatment of possibilistic uncertainty. Such features are formalized on the basis of PGL, a possibilistic logic based on G¨odel fuzzy logic. One of the applications of P-DeLP is providing an intelligent agent with non-monotonic, argumentative inference capabilities. In this paper we also provide a better understanding of such capabilities by defining two non-monotonic operators which model the expansion of a given program P by adding new weighed facts associated with argument conclusions and warranted literals, respectively. Different logical properties for the proposed operators are studied

Emmy Noether: her heritage

Emmy Noether is my role model for the following reasons. She is one of the most important mathematician and physicists of the 20 century; She fought to be a scientist in times where women were not allowed to be one; She was a leader that gathered around her a large school of students and collaborators. In the lecture these reasons will be substantiated with historical facts. In addition, a general assessment of the significance of her ideas and works, from her times until today, will be advanced.

Produtos naturais: atualidade, desafios e perspectivas

This article offers an overview on the historical facts and the recent state of art of Chemistry of Natural Products which, in the course of 25 years of SBQ, have led to the present development of this area in Brazil. In addition, this article deals with the last trends on Natural Products in Brazil and also in developed countries.

As secretarias regionais e as divisões científicas da Sociedade Brasileira de Química

This article offers an overview on the historical facts and the recent state of the Regional Secretaries and the Scientific Divisions in the course of 30 years of SBQ.

Syyrian sisällissota : syitä ja taustatekijöitä

Arabikevään levitessä Syyriaan vuonna 2011 ajateltiin, että samoin kuin Tunisiassa ja Egyptissä, valta vaihtuisi Syyriassakin kohtuullisen rauhanomaisella tavalla. Niin ei tapahtunut, koska Syyrian geostrateginen asema ja liittolaisuussuhteet poikkeavat em. maihin verrattuna. Syyria kuuluu Iranin johtamaan shiia-akseliin. Osittain Iranin avulla al-Assad onkin voinut jatkaa yli kaksi vuotta presidenttinä sisällissodasta huolimatta. Nykyistä hallintoa tukevat myös Kiina ja Venäjä, kun taas valtaosa muista ulkovalloista tukee oppositiota.

Influence et usage de la mémoire dans la vision officielle française de l’Allemagne réunifiée (1989-1995)

Ce mémoire part du constat que l’histoire et, a fortiori, la mémoire ont été largement sollicitées par le discours officiel français au moment et au lendemain de la réunification allemande. La fin définitive de l’après-guerre et le retour à la souveraineté diplomatique de l’Allemagne suscitent en France des questions qui inquiètent – en raison notamment du souvenir de l’histoire – et raniment la volonté d’encadrer la puissance allemande dans la communauté européenne. Pour comprendre le rôle que la mémoire a pu tenir dans la diplomatie française, l’étude tente d’analyser l’usage que les responsables français ont fait du passé en tant qu’instrument de la politique étrangère et le poids qu’il a représenté dans la vision française de l’unification allemande. Ce mémoire démontre que l’entendement du passé se conforme, sous toutes ses expressions, à la politique européenne de la France. Il atteste également que la France se saisit de ce moment charnière pour structurer un espace européen qui fait écho aux principes universalistes issus de la Révolution française, lesquels doivent être désormais portés par le binôme franco-allemand. L’invention de la tradition et l’usage métaphorique du passé répondent d’une préoccupation politique de réconciliation franco-allemande et accompagnent la mise en place d’un patriotisme historique sur lequel pourront s’établir les identités civique et juridique européennes. La mémoire officielle, qui est entièrement orientée vers la promotion et la justification de l’avenir communautaire, dénature certaines données historiques de manière à exorciser le présent d’un passé encombrant. Les limites de la mémoire officielle se trouvent donc dans cette représentation d’un passé aseptisé; un passé n’étant pas une finalité, mais un moyen déférant à l’intérêt national.

La pensée navale et le débat sur la torpille en Angleterre au cours de la décennie 1880

L’évolution du débat sur la pensée navale en Angleterre de la décennie 1880, suivant la fin d’une période d’intenses changements technologiques dans les marines de guerre est marquée par le déclin d’un mode de réflexion matériel et l’ascension, à partir des années 1885 et 1886, de l’école historique de John Knox Laughton. Selon la méthode matérielle, populaire au cours de la période de transformation technique, la guerre sur mer est entièrement tributaire du Progrès, tandis que, pour les tenants de la méthode historique, des principes et des leçons immuables la régissent. À travers l’évolution de ce débat, on constate l’introduction, par la Jeune École française, d’une perspective matérialiste et de la stratégie navale comme objet de réflexion, et son exploitation par l’école historique anglaise. L’émergence de la stratégie comme sujet de débat coïncide donc avec le triomphe de l’école historique. Croyant que la torpille allait démocratiser la puissance navale en empêchant le belligérant le plus puissant d’user de sa maîtrise des mers, la Jeune École connut un succès fulgurant qui déborda des côtes françaises et atteint l’Angleterre. Néanmoins, les matérialistes anglais, demeurant beaucoup plus modérés que les français, furent finalement marginalisés par une école historique utilisant les exagérations de la Jeune École, dont les insuffisances sont apparues lors des manœuvres de l’été 1886, pour disqualifier entièrement la méthode matérielle. Étudiant les débats du Royal United Service Institution Journal, ce mémoire démontre l’existence, en Angleterre, au cours de la décennie 1880, d’un débat polarisé au contraire d’une historiographie ne montrant que l’ascension des précurseurs de Mahan et de l’école historique.