Educação e trabalho: as políticas públicas e as articulações das ações de qualificação e geração de emprego para a juventude

This paper analyzes the transformations in Brazilian society, especially in relations between the fields of work, education and youth. The implementation of a new logic in the process of capital accumulation, changes meant to hit the job market, causing new social issues, especially for youth, which can be translated by rising unemployment and new job settings, thus, have sparked a broad debate around the requirements that the market imposes on that intend to engage in it, relations skills, knowledge and ability to enter the labor market of the population, reissuing the discussion on social inequalities that required the field of alternative public policies to address this situation of exclusion. Turning to the reflection on the process of qualification / training and placing young people in employment relationships, this study aims to address and reflect on educational policies aimed at the inclusion ofyouth in the labor market, as well as analyze the actions of generating jobs and skills for young people between 18 and 29 years to do so, we will examine the National Youth Inclusion Program- PROJOVEM - sponsored by the Federal Governrnent, which aims to expand the service to the youngsters excluded from school and vocational training, allowing young people to be reintegrated into the educational process, receiving social skills training

Profissionalização e acesso ao trabalho para os jovens: elementos sociojurídicos

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Soberania alimentar e o assentamento Mulungu no semiárido cearense

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Das terras do Sem Fim aos Territórios do Agrohidronegócio: conflitos por terra e água no vale do São Francisco

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Políticas públicas de Economia Solidária e a SENAES: um balanço preliminar (2003-2006)

This paper focuses on the process of institutionalization of public policies of Solidarity Economy in the federal government during President Lula’s first term (2003-2006). During this period, the authors analyze in particular the creation and operation of the National Secretariat for Solidarity Economy (SENAES) – a structure established under the Ministry of Labor in order to implement social inclusion policies designed to generate jobs and income. This approach allows the formulation of hypotheses about the institutional context of SENAES, its scope, limits and challenges.

Vítimas invisíveis: o pânico moral acerca do tráfico de pessoas para exploração sexual por uma perspectiva de gênero

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Políticas e desenvolvimento do estado de Mato Grosso após abertura comercial: análise da visão de dois empresários atuantes no setor

After realizing two interviews, with distinct managers/businessmen working in the cotton industry, the objective is to put in evidence the political, economical and social factors that contributed to the formation and configuration of the Mato Grosso state, after the trade liberalization that occurred in the early 90's, it's effects and consequences in the eyes of the interviewed. The study of public policies is primordial to the discovery of the configuration of determined place, evaluating advances and possible errors in the social, economical and environmental areas. Through the analysis of the interviews it has been found that the urban centers have been developing with a direct link to the industrial activities related to agriculture and that the labor work force have also been attracted because of these changes, and as a consequence this labor force is now becoming more specialized to be able to accompany the jobs requirements in the industry. Analyzing the interviews, it is possible to highlight some information about the development of Mato Grosso, among those the following factors and public policies. The creation and expansion of the cities in the state are possible through public and private investment in infrastructure the socioeconomic development of the state is linked with the advances made in the private sector that grows because of advances made in crops technology in contrast to the occupation of the cerrado, in relation to the cotton crops. The problems that Mato Grosso is facing are mainly linked to the region infrastructure, that can count on investment plans to transportation and production flow that dates before the globalization era. The pattern that is seen today with top of the line agricultural production, big monoculture with high productivity and the arrival of multinational giants, was implanted because of two important events: the trade liberalization in the 1990's and the cambial depreciation in the 1999's...

Políticas e desenvolvimento do estado de Mato Grosso após abertura comercial: análise da visão de dois empresários atuantes no setor

After realizing two interviews, with distinct managers/businessmen working in the cotton industry, the objective is to put in evidence the political, economical and social factors that contributed to the formation and configuration of the Mato Grosso state, after the trade liberalization that occurred in the early 90's, it's effects and consequences in the eyes of the interviewed. The study of public policies is primordial to the discovery of the configuration of determined place, evaluating advances and possible errors in the social, economical and environmental areas. Through the analysis of the interviews it has been found that the urban centers have been developing with a direct link to the industrial activities related to agriculture and that the labor work force have also been attracted because of these changes, and as a consequence this labor force is now becoming more specialized to be able to accompany the jobs requirements in the industry. Analyzing the interviews, it is possible to highlight some information about the development of Mato Grosso, among those the following factors and public policies. The creation and expansion of the cities in the state are possible through public and private investment in infrastructure the socioeconomic development of the state is linked with the advances made in the private sector that grows because of advances made in crops technology in contrast to the occupation of the cerrado, in relation to the cotton crops. The problems that Mato Grosso is facing are mainly linked to the region infrastructure, that can count on investment plans to transportation and production flow that dates before the globalization era. The pattern that is seen today with top of the line agricultural production, big monoculture with high productivity and the arrival of multinational giants, was implanted because of two important events: the trade liberalization in the 1990's and the cambial depreciation in the 1999's...

Electroconvulsive Therapy in Brazil After the "Psychiatric Reform" A Public Health Problem-Example From a University Service

Objectives: The Brazilian public health system does not provide electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is limited to a few academic services. National mental health policies are against ECT. Our objectives were to analyze critically the public policies toward ECT and present the current situation using statistics from the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of Sao Paulo (IPq-HCFMUSP) and summary data from the other 13 ECT services identified in the country. Methods: Data regarding ECT treatment at the IPq-HCFMUSP were collected from January 2009 to June 2010 (demographical, number of sessions, and diagnoses). All the data were analyzed using SPSS 19, Epic Info 2000, and Excel. Results: During this period, 331 patients were treated at IPq-HCFMUSP: 221 (67%) were from Sao Paulo city, 50 (15.2%) from Sao Paulo's metropolitan area, 39 (11.8%) from Sao Paulo's countryside, and 20 (6.1%) from other states; 7352 ECT treatments were delivered-63.0% (4629) devoted entirely via the public health system (although not funded by the federal government); the main diagnoses were a mood disorder in 86.4% and schizophrenia in 7.3% of the cases. Conclusions: There is an important lack of public assistance for ECT, affecting mainly the poor and severely ill patients. The university services are overcrowded and cannot handle all the referrals. The authors press for changes in the mental health policies.

STATE INSTITUTIONS, POWER, AND SOCIAL NETWORKS IN BRAZILIAN URBAN POLICIES

A large historiographic tradition has studied the Brazilian state, yet we know relatively little about its internal dynamics and particularities. The role of informal, personal, and unintentional ties has remained underexplored in most policy network studies, mainly because of the pluralist origin of that tradition. It is possible to use network analysis to expand this knowledge by developing mesolevel analysis of those processes. This article proposes an analytical framework for studying networks inside policy communities. This framework considers the stable and resilient patterns that characterize state institutions, especially in contexts of low institutionalization, particularly those found in Latin America and Brazil. The article builds on research on urban policies in Brazil to suggest that networks made of institutional and personal ties structure state organizations internally and insert them,into broader political scenarios. These networks, which I call state fabric, frame politics, influence public policies, and introduce more stability and predictability than the majority of the literature usually considers. They also form a specific power resource-positional power, associated with the positions that political actors occupy-that influences politics inside and around the state.

Locational policies in secondary capital cities: constructing a dynamic framework

Capital cities that are not the economic centers of their nations – so-called secondary capital cities (SSCs) – tend to be overlooked in the field of political science. Consequentially, there is a lack of research and resulting theory describing their local economy and their public policies. This paper analyzes how SCCs try to develop and position themselves through the formulation of locational policies. By linking three different theoretical strands – the Regional Innovation System (RIS) approach, the concept of locational policies, and the regime perspective – this paper aims for constructing a framework to study the economic and political dynamics in SCCs.

Entramado de politicidad en un ámbito estatal de trabajo : La experiencia de los trabajadores del Hospital Provincial Neuquén (2005-2013)

La presente investigación analiza el entramado de politicidad en un ámbito estatal de trabajo, a partir de la experiencia de los trabajadores del Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón (HN) entre los años 2005 y 2013. Se propone un abordaje relacional que atienda a la configuración y redefinición de los escenarios de disputa, retomando la perspectiva de Norbert Elías. Se ha diseñado una estrategia metodológica cualitativa basada en la realización de observaciones participantes, entrevistas semi-estructuradas en profundidad y en el análisis de materiales gráficos. Se realizó un muestreo teórico de tipo no probabilístico, y las unidades de la muestra fueron seleccionadas de acuerdo a criterios relativos a la participación política y a las características de las labores hospitalarias. Los principales hallazgos de esta tesis refieren a la conceptualización de los ámbitos estatales de trabajo. Se los caracteriza como espacios donde se relacionan y se expresan múltiples grupos, resaltando los procesos socio-culturales que están implicados en las disputas políticas de los trabajadores. Se analizan la articulación entre demandas sectoriales y la disputa más general por la gestión de las políticas públicas, las regulaciones especiales que legislan el trabajo hospitalario, las distintas temporalidades de los conflictos, la vinculación con organizaciones externas, la jerarquización del espacio laboral, y la permeabilidad de lo estatal y lo no-estatal. Estos resultados permiten aportar de manera más general a las teorías sociológicas de la acción colectiva en lo que respecta a la utilización de las categorías de clase y a las identidades de los trabajadores

Los dos 'campos' en el territorio argentino : Análisis crítico y estrategias de desarrollo rural

Las formas de inserción 'modernizante' de la agricultura científica aliada al agribusiness global eran un tema discutido en ámbitos acotados hasta que, a principios de 2008, se suscitó la discusión pública y mediática sobre los derechos de exportación de cereales y oleaginosas. Frente a este panorama, el presente artículo pretende contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas que se sustenten en una adecuada comprensión de la dinámica de acumulación presente en el sector agrario nacional. Pues, sin una apreciación del conjunto de actores involucrados en el agro, es imposible avanzar en la construcción de escenarios a futuro. el documento que se presenta tiene como objetivos particulares: I) discutir el heterogéneo perfil que asume contemporáneamente la estructura productiva y social del agro argentino; y II) describir lineamientos estratégicos de políticas de tierra, de crédito, fiscal, de precios, ambiental y tecnológica que deberían considerarse en las políticas públicas

Turismo, desarrollo y oportunidades laborales en la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy) : Asimetrías y contradicciones

La Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy) recientemente ha experimentado un crecimiento del turismo que fue acompañado y estimulado por políticas públicas nacionales y provinciales que buscaron consolidarla como un destino patrimonial. Uno de los objetivos de este proyecto fue promover y consolidar el turismo para enfrentar la crisis económica y laboral que afectó a esta zona en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las transformaciones que experimentó el mercado laboral local con la llegada del turismo. Específicamente, se busca dar cuenta de las complejidades vinculadas a a) las formas concretas en que se organiza este mercado laboral y b) aquellas relacionadas con las ideas que maneja la sociedad local frente a estas alternativas de empleo ofrecidas por el turismo

Financiamiento y comercialización de la agricultura familiar en el Gran La Plata. Estudio en el marco de un proyecto de Desarrollo Territorial

En la actualidad, la agricultura familiar ha tomado visibilidad tanto en trabajos académicos como en el diseño de políticas públicas. Si bien se reconocen características propias que la diferencian de la producción empresarial, se presentan de acuerdo al tipo de producción y el territorio donde se inserta, particularidades que permiten definirlas y analizarlas. En el caso de la producción hortiflorícola familiar que abastece de productos frescos a los grandes centros urbanos, la especificidad del sistema productivo intensivo en trabajo, las tecnologías utilizadas, las características de los productos obtenidos, su comercialización y localización, difiere sustancialmente de otros sistemas productivos del país. De acuerdo a diagnósticos elaborados por INTA (2004) y otros trabajos cualitativos en el periurbano bonaerense, las dificultades que afrontan estas unidades familiares son de carácter múltiple. Entre las más importantes se mencionan la subordinación en la cadena comercial y acceso al financiamiento. Este trabajo busca dar cuenta de un proyecto de desarrollo territorial en la región periurbana del Gran La Plata, en el cual se aborda desde una perspectiva integral aspectos de financiamiento y comercialización a productores familiares. El mismo se focaliza en 30 productores familiares de La Plata y Berazategui pertenecientes al proyecto "Banco Social" implementado desde la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de la UNLP; avanzando en un análisis respecto al acceso al financiamiento y las estrategias comerciales llevadas por los productores familiares bajo estudio