云南武定迤腊厂铜矿含矿石英脉^40Ar-^39Ar年龄及其意义

对武定迤腊厂铜矿成矿期石英进行了^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄测定，得到马鞍形年龄谱，坪年龄为(784．25±0．95)Ms，等时线年龄为(783．93±8．59)Ma。地质特征研究表明：该矿床后期改造作用明显，并非同生沉积或成岩作用早期成矿，而与晋宁期Rodina大陆裂解有关。武定迤腊厂铜矿的形成可能是在Rodinia大陆裂解时，从深部带来大量成矿物质，改造成岩时期初始的矿化，形成矿床的叠加富集和最终定位，晋宁．澄江期是该矿床的主成矿期。

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%-53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土元素（HREE）。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段（广丰）-中西段交接部（余江、东乡）-西段（永丰、峡江）的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大（（^87Sr/^86Sr）i为0.704 635-0.708 769,（^143Nd/^144Nd）i为0.512 173-0.512 758,εNd（t）为-6.8-＋5.6）,暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部（东乡、余江）及西段（峡江）为亏损地幔,而西段（永丰）和中段（广丰）为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段（永丰）受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关.

骑田岭A型花岗岩成演过程中流体聚集及其对锡成矿的制约

以往研究表明锡成矿与S型花岗岩具有密切的成因联系。近年来随着大量与A型花岗岩有关的锡矿床的发现，有关锡成矿与A型花岗岩关系的研究成为地学界关注的热点。 芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床位于我国著名的南岭钨锡多金属成矿带上，锡矿体位于骑田岭A型花岗岩体的内部或者岩体与围岩的内外接触带。成岩成矿年代学研究表明，成岩与成矿为前后相继的地质事件，具有密切的时空关系。本论文以与芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床有密切时空关系的骑田岭A型花岗岩为研究对象，在详细野外地质调查的基础上，运用岩石学、矿物学、矿物化学、同位素地球化学、流体地球化学等学科的理论和方法，对骑田岭花岗岩的岩石学特征、岩石成因、成岩物理化学条件、岩浆分异的流体特征、挥发性组分特征以及成岩与成矿的关系等方面进行详细的分析，探讨骑田岭花岗岩成岩过程中流体聚集的机制及其对锡成矿的制约，初步揭示A型花岗岩与锡成矿之间的本质联系。本论文主要取得以下成果和认识： （1）通过对与锡矿有关的骑田岭花岗岩体的主量、微量、稀土元素、同位素和花岗岩中黑云母的微量、稀土元素分析研究发现：骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩为高度分异演化的花岗岩，具有高硅、富铝、富碱、高钾的特征。随着岩体分异演化程度的增加，花岗岩总体向富硅、富碱的方向演化。岩体轻重稀土分异明显，表现为右倾型模式，Eu负异常明显，表现为中等-强烈的负Eu异常。岩体明显富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素，而亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti。骑田岭花岗岩两个阶段岩石有着相似的Sr、Nd同位素特征，揭示其具有相同的物质来源，是同源岩浆演化的产物，为具壳幔混合特征的A2型花岗岩。 （2）对骑田岭花岗岩体矿物学和矿物化学特征、全岩Sn含量分析研究发现：角闪石黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为774~796℃，氧逸度（logfO2）为-15.30~-15.0。黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为714~784℃，氧逸度（logfO2）为-17.5~-20.0。随着岩浆的演化，从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩随着结晶温度的降低，氧逸度也随之减小。随着岩浆的演化，岩体中Cl含量不断的减少，而F含量有所增加，Cl趋向分配进入流体相。随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加，岩体成岩温度降低，氧逸度减小，岩体中Sn含量不断的减少，Sn趋向分配进入富Cl流体，表明岩浆演化过程中分异出富Cl、富Sn的流体。 （3）骑田岭花岗岩石英斑晶中的包裹体研究表明：骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩在岩浆演化过程中经历了两个阶段，即岩浆阶段和岩浆-热液阶段，分别以出现熔融包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体为特征，其中流体-熔融包裹体的出现是岩浆分异流体的直接证据。结合矿物的结构、构造特征，研究发现骑田岭花岗岩浆演化过程分异出流体。骑田岭花岗岩原生流体包裹体地球化学研究表明，岩浆分异出的流体为H2O-CO2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2不混溶体系，具有盐度高（32.98~52.04Wt%NaCleq.），密度低（0.27~0.95g/cm3），均一温度较高（190~ 494℃）的特征，压力为600~800bar，成岩过程中发生了沸腾现象。 （4）对芙蓉超大型锡矿床和骑田岭花岗岩研究表明，锡矿与花岗岩有着密切的时间、空间和成因联系。矿体产在花岗岩体内部或者岩体与围岩的接触带，成岩与成矿时限一致，随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加，岩体成岩温度降低，氧逸度降低，岩体中的挥发性组分Cl含量减小，而F含量增加，Cl趋向分配进入流体相，这种流体萃取熔体中的成矿元素Sn，并以氯络合物形式迁移。可以认为，随着岩浆的演化，骑田岭花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体具有富Cl和Sn的特征。芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液。

Distribution patterns of PCDD/Fs in chlorinated chemicals

The purpose of this research was to determine polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in five chlorinated chemicals (phthalocyanine copper, phthalocyanine green, chloranil-1 and 2, and triclosan), and to compare their 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-IpI-dioxin equivalents (TEQ). The distribution patterns of total PCDD/Fs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs were elucidated in detail. The TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs in all chemicals were in the range of 5.03-1379.55 ng I-TEQ/kg. The contribution of OCDD and OCDF in phthalocyanine green was 75% of the total TEQ. For chloranils, the maximum contribution of toxic PCDD/Fs was from 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDF and 2,3,7,8-substituted HpCDF. The TEQ of HxCDF and HpCDF in chloranil-1 was 90% and in chloranil-2 was 71%. And the toxic contribution increased with the degree of chlorination for PCDFs. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Highly efficient copper-catalyzed N-arylation of alkylamines with aryl iodides using phosphoramidite as ligand

A mild and highly efficient copper-catalyzed system for N-arylation of alkylamines with aryl iodides using binaphthol-based phosphoramidites as ligands was developed. The phosphoramidite ligands are stable, cost-effective and easily prepared from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials using a simple, efficient method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A 3-min all-out test to determine peak oxygen uptake and the maximal steady state

Burnley, M., Doust, J., Vanhatalo, A., A 3-min all-out test to determine peak oxygen uptake and the maximal steady state, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38(11):1995-2003, November 2006. RAE2008

Przydatność taksonomiczna cech morfologicznych stadiów młodocianych mechowców z podrodziny Crotoniinae Thorell, 1876 (Acari, Oribatida, Camisiidae)

Wydział Biologii: Instytut Biologii Środowiska

Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England [electronic resource] / by W. DeLoss Love.

http://www.archive.org/details/samsonoccom00loverich/

Age-specific differences in oncogenic pathway deregulation seen in human breast tumors.

PURPOSE: To define the biology driving the aggressive nature of breast cancer arising in young women. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Among 784 patients with early stage breast cancer, using prospectively-defined, age-specific cohorts (young or=65 years), 411 eligible patients (n = 200or=65 years) with clinically-annotated Affymetrix microarray data were identified. GSEA, signatures of oncogenic pathway deregulation and predictors of chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated within the two age-defined cohorts. RESULTS: In comparing deregulation of oncogenic pathways between age groups, a higher probability of PI3K (p = 0.006) and Myc (p = 0.03) pathway deregulation was observed in breast tumors arising in younger women. When evaluating unique patterns of pathway deregulation, a low probability of Src and E2F deregulation in tumors of younger women, concurrent with a higher probability of PI3K, Myc, and beta-catenin, conferred a worse prognosis (HR = 4.15). In contrast, a higher probability of Src and E2F pathway activation in tumors of older women, with concurrent low probability of PI3K, Myc and beta-catenin deregulation, was associated with poorer outcome (HR = 2.7). In multivariate analyses, genomic clusters of pathway deregulation illustrate prognostic value. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that breast cancer arising in young women represents a distinct biologic entity characterized by unique patterns of deregulated signaling pathways that are prognostic, independent of currently available clinico-pathologic variables. These results should enable refinement of targeted treatment strategies in this clinically challenging situation.

Seroprotection against tetanus in patients attending an emergency department in Belgium and evaluation of a bedside immunotest.

BACKGROUND: In most emergency departments, tetanus prophylaxis currently relies on vaccination history. Bedside evaluation of tetanus immunity may improve this process. OBJECTIVES: (i) To determine the seroprevalence of tetanus immunity; (ii) to evaluate the accuracy of vaccination history in assessing tetanus immunity; (iii) to identify factors predictive of seroprotection and incorrect history. METHOD: In a prospective observational study, tetanus immunity was assessed in 784 adults using Tétanos Quick Stick (TQS). A questionnaire was completed to obtain vaccination and general histories. Immunity assessed by TQS and by vaccination history were compared with anti-tetanus antibody levels measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (seroprotection threshold >0.15 IU/ml). RESULTS: Overall, 64.2% of patients were protected according to TQS results. Four independent predictors of seroprotection were identified: young age, birthplace in Belgium, male sex and occupational medicine consultation. TQS performance was good: kappa=0.71, sensitivity 85.3%, specificity 87.2%, positive predictive value 92.1% and negative predictive value 77.2%. Seven hundred and sixty-two participants responded to the vaccination history: 23.4% said they were protected, 22.1% that they were not and 54.5% did not know. History performance was poor: kappa=0.27, sensitivity 60.3%, specificity 73.3%, positive predictive value 81.8% and negative predictive value 45.8%. Compared with history, TQS offered a significantly better sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values, but specificity was similar. No predictor of an incorrect history was identified. CONCLUSION: Lack of protective immunity against tetanus is frequent but poorly evaluated by history taking. Several demographic characteristics are good predictors of seroprotection. TQS could be a valuable tool in selected patients to improve tetanus prophylaxis in the emergency department.

Tree species-area and species-diameter relationships at three lowland rain forest sites in Sumatra

Data from three forest sites in Sumatra (Batang Ule, Pasirmayang and Tebopandak) have been analysed and compared for the effects of sample area cut-off, and tree diameter cut-off. An 'extended inverted exponential model' is shown to be well suited to fitting tree-species-area curves. The model yields species carrying capacities of 680 for Batang Ule, 380 species for Pasirmayang, and 35 for Tebopandak (tree diameter >10cm). It would seem that in terms of species carrying capacity, Tebopandak and Pasirmayang are rather similar, and both less diverse than the hilly Batang Ule site. In terms of conservation policy, this would mean that rather more emphasis should be put on conserving hilly sites on a granite substratum. For Pasirmayang with tree diameter >3cm, the asymptotic species number estimate is 567, considerably higher than the estimate of 387 species for trees with diameter >10cm. It is clear that the diameter cut-off has a major impact on the estimate of the species carrying capacity. A conservative estimate of the total number of tree species in the Pasirmayang region is 632 species! In sampling exercises, the diameter cut-off should not be chosen lightly, and it may be worth adopting field sampling procedures which involve some subsampling of the primary sample area, where the diameter cut-off is set much lower than in the primary plots.

Microwave cure of conductive adhesives for flip-chip & microsystems applications

The curing of conductive adhesives and underfills can save considerable time and offer cost benefits for the microsystems and electronics packaging industry. In contrast to conventional ovens, curing by microwave energy generates heat internally within each individual component of an assembly. The rate at which heat is generated is different for each of the components and depends on the material properties as well as the oven power and frequency. This leads to a very complex and transient thermal state, which is extremely difficult to measure experimentally. Conductive adhesives need to be raised to a minimum temperature to initiate the cross-linking of the resin polymers, whilst some advanced packaging materials currently under investigation impose a maximum temperature constraint to avoid damage. Thermal imagery equipment integrated with the microwave oven can offer some information on the thermal state but such data is based on the surface temperatures. This paper describes computational models that can simulate the internal temperatures within each component of an assembly including the critical region between the chip and substrate. The results obtained demonstrate that due to the small mass of adhesive used in the joints, the temperatures reached are highly dependent on the material properties of the adjacent chip and substrate.