PoS-tagging the Web in Portuguese. National varieties, text typologies and spelling systems

The great amount of text produced every day in the Web turned it as one of the main sources for obtaining linguistic corpora, that are further analyzed with Natural Language Processing techniques. On a global scale, languages such as Portuguese - official in 9 countries - appear on the Web in several varieties, with lexical, morphological and syntactic (among others) differences. Besides, a unified spelling system for Portuguese has been recently approved, and its implementation process has already started in some countries. However, it will last several years, so different varieties and spelling systems coexist. Since PoS-taggers for Portuguese are specifically built for a particular variety, this work analyzes different training corpora and lexica combinations aimed at building a model with high-precision annotation in several varieties and spelling systems of this language. Moreover, this paper presents different dictionaries of the new orthography (Spelling Agreement) as well as a new freely available testing corpus, containing different varieties and textual typologies.

La economía callejera en las ciudades contemporáneas. La redes efímeras de venta ambulante como modelo para la reconstrucción de lo urbano

Según Robert Neuwirth alrededor de 1.800 millones de personas trabajan en la economía informal, generando unos 10 billones de dólares anuales. Este autor afirma que si todas las personas vinculadas a dicho modelo económico se reunieran en un único país, éste sería la segunda potencia económica mundial. Junto a la importancia económica del modelo, su flexibilidad al contexto urbano es también destacable. La economía callejera, en particular, está vinculada a la construcción de redes urbanas complejas donde el individuo puede decidir y negociar. Este aspecto es lo que hace de este tipo de apropiación urbana una referencia fundamental para la innovación en la construcción de ciudad y, en especial, para el Urbanismo Táctico. En este artículo se analiza cómo las construcciones urbanas vinculadas a la economía callejera y a la venta ambulante se relacionan con los conceptos que diversos autores han empleado para definir las dinámicas contemporáneas. Primero se aborda la manera en que la venta ambulante teje, relaciona y transforma las redes urbanas existentes (sociales, productivas, económicas y de identidad) y busca su vínculo con los siguientes conceptos: ‘red’, ‘rizoma’, ‘radicante’, ‘punto de paso obligado’ y ‘hacker’. Seguidamente se reflexiona sobre la materialización de la economía informal en las ciudades actuales, relacionando este fenómeno con los siguientes conceptos: ‘el derecho a la ciudad’, ‘lo informal’, ‘TAZ’ y el urbanismo ‘emergente’, entre otros.

Praktisches Handbuch der syphilitischen Krankheiten. Th. 1 Blennorrhöen.

Microfilmed for preservation

Gallimathias, vom Verfasser.

Mode of access: Internet.

The United States since 1865,

Mode of access: Internet.

Predigten bey dem Churfürstl. Sächsischen evangelischen Hofgottesdienste zu Dresden gehalten von Franz Volkmar Reinhard, [1.-18. Jahrgang, 1795-1812]

The sermons for the year 1812 are a posthumous collection, compiled by Johann Georg August Hacker.

Predigten [in den Jahren] 1795-1812 bey dem Churfürstl. Sächsischen evangelischen Hofgottesdienste zu Dresden gehalten.

Volume for 1812 is a posthumous collection, compiled by Johann Georg August Hacker.

Predigten über die Sonn- und Festtägigen Evangelien des ganzen Jahres zur häuslichen Erbauung /

Numbered on spine: 36., 37., 38., 39.

Fundamental concepts of arithmetic

Bibliography: p. 54-55.

West Quad and Union from the air

Located behind the Michigan Union bordering on Madison and Thompson Sts. The first unit was the Allen-Rumsey House (in commemoration of John Allen and Elisha Rumsey), constructed in 1937, and designed by Lane, Davenport & Meyer to coordinate with the addition to the Union, also being constructed in 1937. West Quadrangle was added in 1939, contained seven "houses," and is connected to the Union. Upon completion in 1939, the Allen-Rumsey unit became a part of West Quad.

Major documents in American economic history.

v. 1. From an agrarian to an industrial economy (1785-1900)--v. 2. The problems of a world power (the 20th century)

Spontaneous and UV radiation-induced multiple metastatic melanomas in Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras mice

Human melanoma susceptibility is often characterized by germ-line inactivating CDKN2A (INK4A/ARF) mutations, or mutations that activate CDK4 by preventing its binding to and inhibition by INK4A. We have previously shown that a single neonatal UV radiation (UVR) dose delivered to mice that carry melanocyte-specific activation of Hras (TPras) increases melanoma penetrance from 0% to 57%. Here, we report that activated Cdk4 cooperates with activated Hras to enhance susceptibility to melanoma in mice. Whereas UVR treatment failed to induce melanomas in Cdk4(R24C/R24C) mice, it greatly increased the penetrance and decreased the age of onset of melanoma development in Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras animals compared with TPras alone. This increased penetrance was dependent on the threshold of Cdk4 activation as Cdk4(R24C/+)/TPras animals did not show an increase in UVR-induced melanoma penetrance compared with TPras alone. In addition, Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras mice invariably developed multiple lesions, which occurred rarely in TPras mice. These results indicate that germ-line defects abrogating the pRb pathway may enhance UVR-induced melanoma. TPras and Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras tumors were comparable histopathologically but the latter were larger and more aggressive and cultured cells derived from such melanomas were also larger and had higher levels of nuclear atypia. Moreover, the melanomas in Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras mice, but not in TPras mice, readily metastasized to regional lymph nodes. Thus, it seems that in the mouse, Hras activation initiates UVR-induced melanoma development whereas the cell cycle defect introduced by mutant Cdk4 contributes to tumor progression, producing more aggressive, metastatic tumors.