891 resultados para fertilizers
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调查分析了延安宝塔区和安塞县 7个乡镇近三年来的粮食生产 ,肥料投入以及各土地类型的土壤肥力状况 ,表明 :投入的化肥中 ,氮肥以低浓度养分的碳铵为主 ,平均占肥料总量的 38.3% ,从施入土壤的 N、P、K养分来看 ,K比例很小 ,结构不合理。土壤肥力总体水平低 ,且不同土地类型差异大 ;由于各乡镇自然和经济状况的差异 ,土地投入量不同 ,从而导致粮食产量相差悬殊 ,并且年际波动大。提高土地生产力的有效途径是培肥土壤和大力推广农作物高产栽培技术
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基于20 a长期施肥定位试验,研究了丰水年施肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明:各种肥料单施或配施对小麦产量的影响顺序为NPM>NM>NP>PM>M>N>P>CK,肥料配施有利于提高小麦产量并维持相对稳产;NP、NM、PM、NPM的交互作用明显,连应值均为正;氮磷配施能显著提高肥料对产量的贡献率和水分利用率,氮磷有机肥配施效果最佳,肥料对产量的贡献率为64.9%,水分利用率提高了103.5%,氮磷单施不如肥料配施;氮磷配施不利于土壤速效钾的积累,化肥和有机肥长期配施有利于土壤养分含量的增加,提高土壤肥力。
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在黄土旱塬长期定位研究表明 ,根据小麦生育年降水量施用氮肥 ,将能更好地发挥肥料效益。丰水年、平水年氮肥增产效果极为显著 ,应加大施用量 ;干旱年氮肥效果受抑 ,应减少施用量。氮肥利用率受降水等因素影响 ,年际间变化幅度为 6.4%~ 58.6%。氮肥利用率亦随施用量的增加而降低 ,变化幅度为 2 5.4%~ 42 .9%,且其利用率与施肥利润的高低并不同步。施用有机肥或氮磷有机肥配施、轮作中增加豆科作物 (或牧草 )能有效地调节改善土壤氮素状况
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通过田间小区试验研究了不同N、P施肥量对玉米生育期土壤微生物量C、N、P的影响。结果表明,不同N、P施肥量对微生物量C无明显影响;施N肥量高(225km/hm~2)时降低微生物量N;当施P肥达225 km/hm~2时则对微生物量P产生明显的抑制作用。
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For maximizing the effective applications of remote sensing in crop recognition, crop performance assessment and canopy variables estimation at large areas, it is essential to fully understand the spectral response of canopy to crop development and varying growing conditions. In this paper, the spectral properties of winter wheat canopy under different growth stages and different agronomic conditions were investigated at the field level based on reflectance measurements. It was proved that crop growth and development, nitrogen fertilization rates, nutrient deficit (e.g. lacking any kind of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium fertilizer or lacking all of them), irrigation frequency and plant density had direct influence on canopy reflectance in 400-900 nm which including the visible/near infrared bands, and resulted in great changes of spectral curves. It was suggested that spectral reflectance of crop canopy can well reflect the growth and development of crop and the impacts from various factors, and was feasible to provide vital information for crop monitoring and assessment. ©2010 IEEE.
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2000
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2000
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The context: Soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture; Abstracts - Theme 1: Monitoring and assessment: Bioindicators of soil health: assessment and monitoring for sustainable agriculture; Practical tools to measure soil health and their use by farmers; Biological soil quality from biomass to biodiversity - importance and resilience to management stress and disturbance; Integrated management of plant-parasitic nematodes in maize-bean cropping systems; Microbial quantitative and qualitative changes in soils under different crops and tillage management systems in Brazil; Diversity in the rhizobia associated with Phaseolus vulgaris L: in Ecuador and comparisons with Mexican bean rhizobia; Sistemas integrados ganadería-agricultura en Cuba; Soil macrofauna as bioindicator of soil quality; Biological functioning of cerrado soils; Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate as a soil quality indicator in different pasture systems; Soil management and soil macrofauna communities at Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil; Soil macrofauna in a 24 - year old no-tillage system in Paraná, Brazil; Invertebrate macrofauna of soils inpastures under different forms of management in the cerrado (Brazil); Soil tillage modifies the invertebrate soil macrofauna community; Soil macrofauna in various tillage and land use systems on an oxisols near Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Interference of agricultural systems on soil macrofauna; Scarab beetle-grub holes in various tillage and crop management systems at Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil; Biological management of agroecosystems; Soil biota and nutrient dynamics through litterfall in agroforestry system in Rondônia, Amazônia, Brazil; Soil-C stocks and earthworm diversity of native and introduced pastures in Veracruz, Mexico; Theme 2 : Adaptive management: Some thoughts on the effects and implications of the transition from weedy multi-crop to wead-free mono-crop systems in Africa; Towards sustainable agriculture with no-tillage and crop rotation systems in South Brazil; Effect of termites on crusted soil rehabilitation in the Sahel; Management of macrofauna in traditional and conventional agroforestry systems from India with special reference to termites and earthworms; Adaptive management for redeveloping traditional agroecosystems; Conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity: learning with master nature!; Convergence of sciences: inclusive technology innovation processes for better integrated crop/vegetation, soil and biodiversity management; Potential for increasing soil biodiversity in agroecosystems; Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability in the tropics; Theme 3: Research and innovation: Plant flavonoids and cluster roots as modifiers of soil biodiversity; The significance of biological diversity in agricultural soil for disease suppressiveness and nutrient retention; Linking above - and belowground biodiversity: a comparison of agricultural systems; Insect-pests in biologically managed oil and crops: the experience at ICRISAT; Sistemas agricolas micorrizados en Cuba; The effect of velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) on the tropical earthworm Balanteodrilus pearsei: a management option for maize crops in the Mexican humid tropics; The potential of earthworms and organic matter quality in the rehabilitation of tropical soils; Research and innovation in biological management of soil ecosystems; Application of biodynamic methods in the Egyptian cotton sector; Theme 4: Capacity building and mainstreaming: Soil ecology and biodiversity: a quick scan of its importance for government policy in The Netherlands; Agrotechnological transfer of legume inoculants in Eastern and Southern Africa; Agricultura urbana en Cuba; Soil carbon sequestration for sustaining agricultural production and improving the environment; Conservation and sustainable management of below-ground biodiversity: the TSBF-BGBD network project; The tropical soil biology and fertility institute of CIAT (TSBF); South-South initiative for training and capacity building for the management of soil biology/biodiversity; Strategies to facilititate development and adoption of integrated resource management for sustainable production and productivity improvement; The challenge program on biological nitrogen fixation (CPBNF); Living soil training for farmers: improving knowledge and skills in soil nutrition management; Do we need an inter-governmental panel on land and soil (IPLS)? Protection and sustainable use of biodiversity of soils; Cases Studies -- Plant parasitic nematodes associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and integrated management approaches; Agrotechnological transfer of legume inoculants in Eastern and Southern Africa; Restoring soil fertility and enhancing productivity in Indian tea plantations with earthworms and organic fertilizers; Managing termites and organic resources to improve soil productivity in the Sahel; Overview and case studies on biological nitrogen fixation: perspectives and limitations; Soil biodiversity and sustainable agriculture: an overview.
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2009
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2010
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Informações sobre práticas fitotécnicas para eficientizar o cultivo de sacaca e, assim, fornecer indicações agrícolas para a melhoria do nível de qualidade dos produtos fitoterápicos no Amazonas.
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Com base em avaliações realizadas durante dois ciclos produtivos em Manaus, onde a sigatoka-negra está presente, foi selecionada a cultivar Prata Ken para recomendação aos produtores amazonenses. Características e recomendações da cultivar. Espaçamento e densidade populacional. Adubação. Adubação de cobertura/planta.
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Informacoes sobre o cultivo da graviola envolvendo: clima, solo, descricao botanica, variedades, propagacao, procedimentos para obtencao de mudas, preparo da area e plantio definitivo, tratos culturais (poda, capina, adubacao, doencas, pragas), floracao, frutificacao, producao, colheita, comercializacao, coeficiente tecnico, em Manaus-AM (Brasil).
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2000
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Altas produtividades de milho são dependentes da interação de fatores como clima, solo e manejo. O manejo da adubação nitrogenada é um dos principais condicionantes da produtividade, pela complexa dinâmica do nitrogênio (N) nos sistemas agrícolas. É com base nessa dinâmica que se busca estimar o potencial de suprimento de N pelo solo e o seu aproveitamento pela cultura, o que possibilita definir as recomendações de adubação. Contudo, a maioria das variáveis que influencia a necessidade de N na adubação pode mudar no espaço e no tempo, como é o caso das características edafoclimáticas que interferem no potencial de suprimento do nutriente pelo solo. Assim, para se refinar o manejo da adubação nitrogenada, é preciso considerar a sua variabilidade espacial e temporal, especialmente dos atributos do solo. Isso pode ser obtido pela utilização de técnicas que envolvem sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), sistema de posicionamento global (GPS), geoestatística e uso de sensores. Essas técnicas vêm sendo utilizadas na agricultura de precisão. Em condições de lavoura, tem-se observado instabilidade nas produtividades de milho em resposta às aplicações de fertilizantes nitrogenados baseadas na variabilidade espacial do solo (WELSH et al., 2003). Aliado a esse fato, tem-se, também, um custo elevado e certa demora na obtenção de informações espacializadas do solo para determinação de adubação a taxas variáveis. Nesse cenário, a utilização de medidores de clorofila portáteis constitui uma alternativa que auxilia no reconhecimento do estado nutricional do milho, possibilitando diagnosticar rapidamente zonas deficientes em N e viabilizar intervenções para correção ainda durante a safra. Nesta revisão, são apresentados aspectos sobre manejo da cultura e disponibilidade e recomendação de N para o milho na região do Cerrado, associando o uso de técnicas de agricultura de precisão na busca de maior eficiência da adubação nitrogenada.