Compostagem de resíduos da indústria de desfibrilação de algodão

O processo de compostagem foi avaliado por meio do monitoramento diário da temperatura em leiras confeccionadas com o resíduo da indústria de desfibrilação de algodão e tipos de inóculo. Foram avaliadas seis leiras, divididas em dois sistemas: com aeração e sem aeração, sendo estudados, em cada sistema, três tipos de inóculo: esterco bovino diluído em água; esterco bovino, e conteúdo ruminal. Avaliou-se, também, a porcentagem de redução de volume nas leiras quando se intensificaram os revolvimentos, visando a obter informações para fins de dimensionamento do pátio de compostagem. Os compostos produzidos foram transferidos para minhocário e amostras do produto após a compostagem e após a vermicompostagem foram analisadas quimicamente com o objetivo de avaliar os teores de nutrientes. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o conteúdo ruminal utilizado como inóculo tende a apresentar valores mais altos de temperatura na fase inicial (fase ativa) e menores na fase final (maturação), embora, independentemente do tipo de inóculo utilizado, a estabilização praticamente tenha ocorrido no mesmo período; o sistema com aeração possibilitou, em todos os tratamentos, estabilização mais rápida do material, quando comparado ao sistema sem aeração; a intensificação dos revolvimentos possibilitou diminuição do tempo de retenção com redução de 46% no volume final, e a composição química dos vermicompostos apresentou-se enriquecida quando comparada aos compostos produzidos.

Shade level effects on yield and chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miquel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Enraizamento de estacas de azaléia tratadas com concentrações de ANA em diferentes substratos

De acordo com a necessidade de aumentar a produção de mudas de azaléia por meio da propagação vegetativa, em menor intervalo de tempo, foi proposto estudar os efeitos de diferentes substratos e concentrações de ANA (ácido naftalenoacético). O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3X4 com três substratos (areia grossa lavada, casca de arroz carbonizada e húmus) e quatro concentrações de ANA na forma de pó (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5%). Utilizaram-se estacas de 100 mm de comprimento retiradas da porção apical do ramo, sem gema apical e com corte em bisel na parte superior, deixando um par de folhas cortadas ao meio. Essas foram colocadas para enraizar em bandejas de isopor de 128 células, por um período de 90 dias, nas quais avaliaram-se: comprimento, superficie, volume e diâmetro radicular e a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, sobreviventes, mortas e número de brotos. Pode-se concluir que a maior porcentagem de enraizamento foi obtida no substrato de casca de arroz carbonizada e com ANA na concentração de 5%.

Effect of growing media and fertilizers on the early growth of Aechmea fasciata Bak

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

EVOLUTION PATTERNS OF THE SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER IN SOME AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO REGION

Several changes in the soil humus characteristics were observed after clearing the Central Brazil virgin forest. When compared with the original ''Cerrado'' forest, the soils from the agricultural systems showed increased values for cation exchange capacity, total organic matter and non-extractable humin. The humic acid fraction underwent some changes suggesting increased oxidation and decreased aliphatic content. The soil organic N tends to accumulate in the insoluble humus fractions.The above changes were much less intense when the virgin forest was transformed into pastures. Under these conditions, the most significant changes were the reduction of readily biodegradable soil organic matter fractions.In view of the intensity of the lixiviation processes in the area studied, the above changes may be connected with the reduction in aggregate stability observed in the cleared sites.In general, the characteristics of the humus formations in the ''Cerrado'' region suggested high resistance to external factors, which is in part attributed to the active insolubilization of humic colloids by the Al and Fe oxides. In the absence of erosive processes in the cleared sites, additional humus stability may conform both to selective biodegradation and/or lixiviation of the humic colloids, or to the effects of the fire used in soil management.

Teores de macronutrientes em mudas de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) em função da composição do substrato

The composition of substrates with different sources of organic matter is considered as a key factor to obtain seedlings of good quality. Then, this study aimed to evaluate the best source and the best quantity of organic matter that should be used in order to produce barbados cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC.) seedlings of good quality. A factorial arrangement of four (20: 80, 40: 60, 60:40 and 80:20% of organic matter: earth) by four (earthworm compost, burnt rice husk, powdered coconut husk and carnauba straw) levels was used and it was designed in randomized blocks with four replicates. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content of the leaves and stems were quantified in the dry tissue. The results showed that the proportion 80% of earthworm compost: 20% of earth allowed good development of the plants and sufficient accumulation of N, P, K and Ca. Burnt rice husk, powdered coconut husk and carnauba straw have not generated seedlings of good quality.

Nitrous oxide production and potential denitrification in soils from riparian buffer strips: Influence of earthworms and plant litter

Vegetated riparian buffer strips have been established in Southern Quebec (Canada) in order to intercept nutrients such as nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and protect water quality near agricultural fields. Buffer strips may also favour denitrification through a combination of high soil moisture, NO(3)(-) and carbon supply, which could lead to the production of nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a greenhouse gas. Denitrification could be further amplified by the presence of earthworms, or by plant species that promote earthworm and bacterial activity in soils. Soils from four farms, comprising maize fields and adjacent buffer strips, were sampled in the fall of 2008. A total of six earthworm species were found, but average earthworm biomass did not differ between buffer strips and maize agroecoecosystems. Nitrate concentrations and net nitrification rates were higher in the maize fields than in the buffer strips: there was no difference in N(2)O production in soils collected from the two sampling locations. Potential denitrification, measured by acetylene inhibition, varied by two orders of magnitude, depending on experimental conditions: when amended with H(2)O or with H(2)O + NO3-, potential denitrification was higher (P < 0.05) in soils from buffer strips than from maize fields. Potential denitrification was highest in soils amended with H(2)O+glucose, or with H(2)O+ NO(3)(-) + glucose. Using microcosms, we tested the effect of litter-soil mixtures on earthworm growth, and the effect of earthworm-litter-soil mixtures on potential denitrification. Based on four categories of chemical assays, litters of woody species (oak, apple, Rhododendron) were generally of lower nutritional quality than litter from agronomic species (alfalfa, switchgrass, corn stover). Alfalfa litter had the most positive effect, whereas apple litter had the most negative effect, on earthworm growth. Potential denitrification was 2-4 times higher in earthworm-litter-soil mixtures than in plain soil. Litter treatments that included corn stover had lower potential denitrification than those that included alfalfa or switchgrass, whereas litter treatments that included oak had lower potential denitrification than those that included apple or Rhododendron. Results suggest that potential N(2)O emissions may be higher in riparian buffer strips than in adjacent maize fields, that N(2)O emissions in buffer strips may be amplified by comminuting earthworms, and that plant litters that reduce earthworm growth may not be best at mitigating N(2)O emissions. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composto e vermicomposto de lixo urbano na produção de mudas de oiti (Licania tomentosa (Benth)) para arborização

Compost and vermicompost, produced from organic fraction of municipal solid wastes were studied as components of potting media for Licania tomentosa (oiti) seedlings production. The objective was to achieve data to amplify the utilization of these products, in order to utilize them to ornamental and urban arborization species. Increasing rates of organic fertilizers were used until the total soil substitution from the potting media. There were no fitotoxic effects. Compost or vermicompost caused higher germination index of seeds and higher growth of plants. The study demonstrated that it is possible to utilize these products in other activities beyond aplication in agricultural soil, and it can generate new markets to this kind of organic fertilizer.

Influence of fertilizer on coumarin content and biomass production in Mikania glomerata sprengel

Mikania glomerata Sprengel leaf extracts have been used in cough syrup formulations due to the presence of active coumarin derivatives. Yields of such natural compounds in cultivated plants can be affected by several nutritional factors. To determine the effect of fertilization on biomass productivity, organ proportion and coumarin content, Mikania glomerata plants were submitted during one year to treatments with organic (humus or manure) and inorganic (different levels of nitrogen) fertilizers. Coumarin concentration was raised by organic fertilization, inorganic nutrients induced increased phytomass (stem and leaf) yield, however no fertilized plants showed enhanced leaf production.

Thermal denaturation and aggregation of hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus in acid and neutral media

The thermal denaturation and aggregation of the HbGp, in the oxy- and cyanomet-forms, was investigated by DSC, AUC, DLS, optical absorption and CD, in the pH range from 5.0 to 7.0. Oxy-HbGp has a denaturation process partially reversible and dependent on the temperature. DSC melting curve is characterized by a single peak with Tc value of 333.4±0.2K for oxy-HbGp, while two peaks with Tc values of 332.2±0.1 and 338.4±0.2K are observed for cyanomet-HbGp, at pH 7.0. In acidic pH oxy- and cyanomet-HbGp are more stable showing higher Tc values and aggregation. AUC data show that, HbGp, at pH 7.0, upon denaturation, remains undissociated at 323K, presenting oligomeric dissociation at 333 (12±3% of tetramer and 88±5% of whole HbGp) and 343K (70±5% of monomer and 30±2% of trimer). DLS data show that the lag period before aggregation is dependent on the temperature and HbGp concentration. Optical absorption and CD results show that the increase of temperature leads to the oxy-HbGp oxidation and aggregation, above 331K, in acidic pH. CD data, for HbGp, present a greater thermal stability in acid medium than at neutral pH, with similar Tc values for both oxidation forms. Our data are consistent with previous studies and represents an advance in understanding the thermal stability of oligomeric HbGp structure. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Influência de fragmentos florestais nativos sobre os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos de solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interação entre as substâncias húmicas de sedimentos e metais potencialmente tóxicos: um estudo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de metodologia para extração de substâncias húmicas de turfas utilizando se hidróxido de potássio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Unusual labial glands in snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler, 1830 ( Serpentes: Dipsadinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mil años de ciencia ficción hermética latinoamericana [1492-2500]: En tres episodios: Borges, la conspiración; Sor Juana y Antônio Vieira, íntimos herejes; Bizarros profetas ciberculturales

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE