The President above parties: a founding illusion of the Fifth Republic

De Gaulle, founder of the Fifth French Republic, cherished the notion that the president of the Republic could somehow stand above party politics. In many ways this belief shaped the early institutional configuration of the new Republic. Party politics, however, rapidly reached the presidency, especially with the move, under the constitutional reform of 1962, to direct election of the president. This article charts the development of France's 'political constitution' and the relationship between president and parties over the first decade of the Fifth Republic. It finds that although the presidency became the prime goal of party political competition, the (often dysfunctional) illusion of a head of state above politics continues to shape the behaviour and perceptions of French presidents.

Electoral institutions,cleavage structures,and the number of parties

Theory: A classic question in political science concems ",hat deteImines the number of parties that compete in a given polity. Broadly speaking, there are two approaches to answering this question, one that emphasizes the role of electorallaws in structuring coalitional incentives, another that emphasizes the importance of pre-existing social cleavages. In tbis paper, we view the number of parties as a product of the interaction between these two forces, following Powell (1982) and Ordeshook and Shvetsova (1994). Hypotheses: The effective number of parties in a polity should be a multiplicative rather than an additive function ofthe peImissiveness ofthe electoral system and the heterogeneity ofthe society. Methods: Multiple regression on cross-sectional aggregate electoral statistics. Unlike previous studies, we (1) do not confine attention to developed democracies; (2) explicitly control for the influence of presidential elections, taking account of whether they are concurrent or nonconcurrent, and ofthe effective number ofpresidential candidates; and (3) also control for the presence and operation of upper tiers in legislative elections. Results: The hypothesis is confiImed, both as regards the number of legislative and the number of presidential parties .

Estimativa da radiação solar direta na incidência nas partições instantânea, horária e diária a partir da radiação solar global

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Sistemas dinâmicos finitos: Paciência Búlgara (Shift em partições e composições cíclicas)

Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE

Avaliação dos mecanismos de ação antiulcerogênica e antidiarrêica dos extratos e partições obtidos a partir das folhas de Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss (Malphighiaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nebraska LEAD XXI Fellow/Spouses Dinner

“Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character give him power.” That quote, by my hero Abraham Lincoln, is one I think all leaders should remember and reflect on regularly in their life, and so I pass it on to each of you. I wish each member of this LEAD group the character to use power wisely, with compassion and integrity, and a strong-sense of justice and fair play.

Dinner Prelude to the Nebraska Great Gardens Symposium

It’s a pleasure to welcome you to the University of Nebraska here in Lincoln. I’m delighted to be asked to join you for this dinner prelude to your Nebraska Great Gardens Symposium tomorrow. I’m also pleased to be able to welcome you to East Campus tonight, and to the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and I understand you’ll be meeting at the City Campus Union tomorrow. I am glad you have the opportunity to visit both campuses, and I hope you will come back when they are in bloom. As a newcomer to Nebraska myself – my wife Virginia and I arrived on a cold, snowy day last December, and I began my position here January 2 – I’m certainly looking forward to the arrival of spring. I have been told what a joy it is to be on this campus when plants and trees are in bloom, and when that special sense of spring renewal surrounds us.

Congressional staff dinner /reception

It is my very real pleasure to welcome you here tonight. We are so pleased to have this opportunity to talk with you about Nebraska agriculture and natural resources, and the work we in the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources do as partners with Nebraska. We welcome your insights and your help in doing all we can to strengthen our efforts on behalf of Nebraska, where one in four people depends on agriculture for employment. That number underscores the importance of Nebraska's agricultural farm gate to consumer plate industry, as well as the importance of the work we conduct in IANR.

Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement Dinner

What a treat to be here tonight to celebrate the achievements of some wonderful new additions to the Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement. I can think of few experiences more-gratifying than those in which we get to say a heartfelt “well-done and thank you" to people who make significant contributions to the world around them by the way they live their lives and by the places they choose to put their talents and energies.

Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement Dinner

It is my pleasure to be with you tonight celebrating the accomplishments of these wonderful and worthy new additions to the Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement. I'm delighted to have this opportunity to help recognize these individuals so deserving of their honors. What a pleasure to say, “well done and thank you” to people who make such significant contributions to the world, who live their lives meaningfully in the way they choose to put their talents and energies to work.

Nebraska Bankers scholarship Recognition Dinner

Good evening. It is indeed a pleasure to be part of this very first Nebraska Bankers Scholarship Recognition Dinner. My heartiest congratulations to each of our 20 student recipients of the 2007-2008 Nebraska-Bankers Scholarship Program. I know I speak for everyone in this room when I say we look forward with great enthusiasm to the great work you will do, after you graduation, to the important contributions you will make in your chosen field and the communities you will serve over your careers.