Gunnislake Fish Counter Annual Report 2003

This is the Gunnislake Fish Counter, Annual Report 2003 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2004. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded at Gunnislake weir fish counting station and trap (River Tamar SX 435 713) in 2003. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Bylaws. The total combined annual count of upstream migrating salmon and sea trout on the River Tamar in 2003 was 7% higher than the 9-year average. The minimum salmon count for 2003 was 3626. The 2003 upstream count for sea trout was 9913. Trap data for 2003 is consistent with historic trapping and net data in terms of the size split between salmon and sea trout stocks.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2003

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2003 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2004. The report presents the daily upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) in 2003. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Bylaws. The run pattern observed for salmon and sea trout in 2003 was generally consistent with that of previous years. The upstream salmon / large sea trout count for 2003 was 1777, 2% lower than that recorded in 2002. The overall increase in the salmon and sea trout counts, together with the consistency of the numbers over recent years suggests that measures designed to protect salmonid stocks were working.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2005

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2005 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2006. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2005 to February 2006 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws (from 2 March to 15 June Inclusive). The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2005 was 1046, this is the second highest count recorded over the past 11 years. The total sea trout count (10448) was 8% higher than 2004 (9608). This overall increase in the salmon and sea trout counts, together with the consistency of the numbers of fish returning over recent years suggests that measures designed to protect salmonid stocks in the River Fowey are working.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2006

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2006 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2007. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2006 to February 2007 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws (2 March- 15 June inclusive). The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2005 (1046), over the period July 2005 to February 2006, was 20% lower than that recorded over the same period in 2004 (1301). However, this is the second highest count recorded over the past 11 years. The total sea trout count (10448) was 8% higher than 2004 (9608). The number of salmon and large sea trout was lower than average in 2005. However, the overall numbers of adult salmon and sea trout returning have been increasing year on year since 1997. This overall increase in the salmon and sea trout counts, together with the consistency of the numbers of fish returning over recent years suggests that measures designed to protect salmonid stocks in the River Fowey are working.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2007

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2007 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on March 2008. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel Weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2007 to February 2008 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws (2 March- 15 June). The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2007, over the period July 2007 to February 2008, was 796, which is the fifth highest recorded count over the past 13 years. The number of returning salmon in 2007 suggests a downward trend in numbers since 2004. The 2007 large sea trout count is similar to 2006. Overall, the number of fish returning is still low in comparison with the 10-year average. There was a noticeable decrease in the number of small sea trout returning compared to 2006 and the 10-year average. The Fish counter at Restormel suffered several faults.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2008

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2008 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on April 2009. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel Weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2008 to February 2009 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2008, over the period July 2008 to February 2009, was 938 and is the third highest recorded count over the past 14 years. The 2008 large sea trout count (482) shows a marked improvement in the number of returning fish when compared to 2007 (241). There was a significant decrease in the number of small sea trout returning in 2008 when compared to 2007 and the 10-year average.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2008

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2008 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on April 2009. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel Weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2008 to February 2009 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2008, over the period July 2008 to February 2009, was 938, which is the third highest recorded count over the past 14 years. The 2008 large sea trout count (482) shows a marked improvement in the number of returning fish when compared to 2007 (241). There was a significant decrease in the number of small sea trout returning in 2008 when compared to 2007 and the 10-year average. The fish counter suffered several faults equated to 12.5 days during this period.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2010

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2010 produced by the Environment Agency South West Region on June 2011. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel Weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2010 to February 2011 inclusive. Data contained within this report covers the period of the commercial migratory salmonid net buy-back scheme and the National Spring Salmon Byelaws. The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2010, over the period July 2010 to February 2010, was 1220. The fish counter at Restormel suffered from only one major period of unscheduled downtime during 2010/2011. This was due to a counter fault over the period 21 to 30 August 2010 and equated to 10 days of downtime.

Restormel Fish Counter Annual Report 2011

This is the Restormel Fish Counter, Annual Report 2011 produced by the Environment Agency, Environmental Monitoring Team on May 2012. The report presents the upstream counts of migratory salmonids recorded on the River Fowey at Restormel Weir fish counting station (SX 107 613) over the period March 2011 to February 2012 inclusive. The minimum upstream salmon estimate for 2011, over the period July 2011 to February 2012, was 675. The minimum upstream sea trout estimate for 2011 was 10,022, which is the fifth highest count recorded in the last 17 years. The fish counter at Restormel had six periods of downtime due to counter faults which equated to 19 days of downtime overall. Fish counts were estimated for downtime caused by counter faults but not for weir cleaning due to the small numbers of fish involved.

A paradigm for virus-host coevolution: Sequential counter-adaptations between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses

Endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. It is hypothesized that some ERVs are used by the host as restriction factors to block the infection o

Angle-of-attack effects on counter-rotating propellers at take-off

Due to their potential for significant fuel consumption savings, Counter-Rotating Open Rotors (CRORs) are currently being considered as an alternative to high-bypass turbofans. When CRORs are mounted on an aircraft, several 'installation effects' arise which are not present when the engine is operated in isolation. This paper investigates how flow features arising from one such effect - The angle-of-attack of the engine centre-line relative to the oncoming flow - can influence the design of CROR engines. Three-dimensional full-annulus unsteady CFD simulations are used to predict the time-varying flow field experienced by each rotor and emphasis is put on the interaction of the frontrotor wake and tip vortex with the rear-rotor. A parametric study is presented that quantifies the rotorrotor interaction as a function of the angle-of-attack. It is shown that angle-of-attack operation significantly changes the flow field and the unsteady lift on both rotors. In particular, a frequency analysis shows that the unsteady lift exhibits sidebands around the rotor-rotor interaction frequencies. Further, a non-linear increase in the total rear-rotor tip unsteadiness is observed for moderate and high angles-of-attack. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that common techniques used to mitigate CROR noise, such as modifying the rotor-rotor axial spacing and rear-rotor crop, can not be applied correctly unless angle-of-attack effects are taken into account. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.

Polishing Treatment of Molasses Wastewater with Iron Salts: the Role of Counter-ions

The effect of counter-ions on the coagulation of biologically treated molasses wastewater using iron-based coagulants was investigated. Parameters such as removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, and residual turbidity, were measured to evaluate coagulation performance. Experimental results showed that ferric chloride and ferric nitrate were more effective than ferric sulfate at optimal dosages, achieving 89 to 90% and 98 to 99% of COD and color removals, respectively, with residual turbidity of less than 5 NTU. High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) results revealed differences in the removal of the molecular weight fraction of organic compounds using iron salts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed randomly formed coagulated flocs characterized with irregular, sheet-like shapes. Nitrate and chloride counter-ions had similar effects on coagulation performance compared to sulfate. Both FeCl3 and Fe(NO3)(3) yielded better results than Fe(SO4)(2) under underdosed and optimum dosage conditions. Coagulation efficiency was less adversely affected in the overdosed regions, however, if sulfate rather than chloride or nitrate was present. Water Environ. Res., 81, 2293 (2009).

A condensation particle counter insensitive to volatile particles

A High Temperature Condensation Particle Counter (HT-CPC) is described that operates at an elevated temperature of up to ca. 300. °C such that volatile particles from typical combustion sources are not counted. The HT-CPC is functionally identical to a conventional CPC, the main challenge being to find suitable non-hazardous working fluids, with good stability, and an appropriate vapour pressure. Some key design features are described, and results of modelling which predict the HT-CPC counting efficiency. Experimental results are presented for several candidate fluids when the HT-CPC was challenged with ambient, NaCl and diesel soot particles, and the results show good agreement with modelled predictions, and confirm that counting of particles of diameters down to at least 10. nm was achievable. Possible applications are presented, including measurement of particles from a diesel car engine and comparison with a near PMP system. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

The radio counter-jet of the QSO 3C 48

We present multi- frequency radio observational results of the quasar 3C 48. The observations were carried out with the Very Large Array ( VLA) at five frequencies, 0.33, 1.5, 4.8, 8.4, and 22.5 GHz, and with the Multi- Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network ( MERLIN) at the two frequencies of 1.6 and 5 GHz. The source shows a one- sided jet to the north within 1", which then extends to the northeast and becomes diffuse. Two bright components ( N2 and N3), containing most of the flux density, are present in the northern jet. The spectral index of the two components is alpha(N2) similar to -0.99 +/- 0.12 and alpha(N3) similar to - 0.84 +/- 0.23 ( S proportional to nu(alpha)). Our images show the presence of an extended structure surrounding component N2, suggestive of strong interaction between the jet and the interstellar medium ( ISM) of the host galaxy. A steep- spectrum component, labelled S, located 0.25 " southwest to the flat- spectrum component which could be the core of 3C 48, is detected at a significance of > 15 sigma. Both the location and the steepness of the spectrum of component S suggest the presence of a counter- jet in 3C 48.