Primeras políticas de vivienda en España y su influencia en la evolución de la tipología residencial: el caso de Benalúa (1883-1956)

El estudio del proceso de adaptación tipológica de las arquitecturas residenciales del barrio de Benalúa, una de las áreas consolidadas más singulares de la ciudad de Alicante (España), constituye un ejemplo clave para entender el alcance que tuvieron las primeras políticas de vivienda aplicadas en ese país, con anterioridad a la redacción de los Planes Generales que, en el transcurso del siglo XX, fueron ordenando las ciudades españolas y que en el caso de Alicante coincidió con la aprobación de la primera Ley del Suelo estatal (1956). De su análisis se obtienen las conclusiones que identifican los procedimientos que, por cambios sociales, políticos, de normativa o presión del mercado inmobiliario, condicionaron la evolución de la vivienda durante siete décadas, huellas que en la actualidad vienen desapareciendo a un ritmo vertiginoso, constatando el grado de intervención del Estado y de los municipios, así como su influencia y responsabilidad en la determinación de los tipos edificatorios.

[Letter from J. Warren to Caleb Gannett], 1780 April 27

Handwritten one-page letter from J. Warren to Caleb Gannett about the charges in a quarter bill received by Warren's son. J. Warren is likely James Warren (1726-1808, Harvard AB 1745), referring to the quarter bill of his son Charles Warren (1762–1784, Harvard AB 1782).

Annotated almanac, 1752

Almanac containing calendar pages with sporadic annotations of unidentified measurements and interleaved pages with short handwritten entries about Winthrop's daily activities, and astronomical and meteorological observations. The entries include personal notes about travel, the weather, vegetable planting, and the birth of Winthrop's fourth son James (March 28) and taking him to wet nurses (March 31 and August 31). Throughout the volume there are entries about the smallpox epidemic including statistics about the disease's affect in Boston and family inoculations. At the end of the volume, there is a bill of mortality for Charlestown for 1752 with a chart of deaths according to age ranges.

Annotated almanac, 1759

Almanac with three notations scattered among the calendar pages and one laid-in leaf containing entries about the weather, a list of deaths in the community arranged by date and containing names, age, and cause, a measles outbreak (January 5), an earthquake (February 2), and a bill of mortality for the first parish of Cambridge. Most entries appear to be in the hand of Hannah Winthrop; part of the list of deaths in the community and the bill of mortality appear to be in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1760

Almanac with one laid-in leaf. The calendar pages containing minimal annotations and three entries recording a distance measurement by John Winthrop (January 23), and unclear note about "Stoughton land" by Hannah Winthrop (January 31), and a note "Our long Jack weight is 53lb, & the round one 42 1/4" by John Winthrop (January). The laid-in leaf contains entries listing deaths in the community written by both Winthrops, the heights of Winthrop's son Jemmy and Scipio noted by John Winthrop, a note of food purchased "since the 14th of October" by Hannah Winthrop, and the bill of mortality for the first parish in Cambridge by John Winthrop.

Annotated almanac, 1761

Almanac with one laid-in leaf. The calendar pages contain minimal annotations and two entries by John Winthrop: "John Rhodes came to talk about Stoughton land" (May 31) and a note about walnuts. The laid-in leaf contains entries by both Winthrops listing deaths in the community, a bill of mortality by John Winthrop, an entry about an earthquake (November 1), and a few entries by Hannah Winthrop about the weather, a northern light, and a short list of the "wine of Dr. Kneeland" (December 29).

Annotated almanac, 1764

Almanac with one laid-in leaf, and calendar pages with minimal, sporadic annotations. The laid-in leaf contains three entries by John Winthrop noting the firing of the house chimneys, and entries by both Winthrops listing deaths in the community and a bill of mortality. The bill of morality includes the note "In Boston Baptzd 367 a small nr by reesn of y small px."

Annotated almanac, 1765

Almanac containing minimal annotations by Hannah Winthrop on the calendar pages noting travel between Charlestown and Cambridge and household activities such as hanging bacon and pasturing cows, as well as two interleaved leaves and a handwritten receipt. The interleaved pages have notes by both Winthrops including household notes, entries of deaths in the community, and a bill of morality for Boston. The handwritten receipt is in Hannah Winthrop's hand and refers to payment to Mrs. Allen for worsted.

Annotated almanac, 1766

Almanac with one interleaved folded leaf and annotations made by John and Hannah Winthrop. The calendar pages are typically annotated with one or two notes at the bottom of page documenting household activities such as the hanging of bacon or bringing the horse from the pasture. The interleaved leaf contains entries by Hannah Winthrop about the weather, an earthquake (January 23), and a note "The Glorious News arrivd of the repeal of the Horrid Stamp Act" (May 16). There are entries of deaths in the community and a bill of mortality for 1766 in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1767

Almanac with one interleaved folded leaf and annotations made by John and Hannah Winthrop. The calendar pages are typically annotated with one or two notes at the bottom of page documenting household activities such as the hanging of bacon or bringing the horse from the pasture. The interleaved leaf contains entries by Hannah Winthrop about the weather and an earthquake (October 15?). There are entries on firing the household chimneys, deaths in the community, and a bill of mortality for 1767 in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1768

Almanac with one laid-in folded leaf and annotations made by John and Hannah Winthrop. The calendar pages are sporadically annotated with a note about household activities such as bringing the horse to pasture. The laid-in leaf contains entries by Hannah Winthrop about the weather. There are entries on firing the household chimneys, baptisms and deaths in the community, and a bill of mortality for 1768 in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1769

Almanac with one laid-in folded leaf and annotations made by John and Hannah Winthrop. The calendar pages are minimally annotated with a note about household activities such as bringing the horse to pasture. The laid-in leaf contains entries on firing the household chimneys, baptisms and deaths in the community, and a bill of mortality for 1769 in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1772

The calendar pages are typically annotated with one or two notes at the bottom recording household activities in Hannah and John Winthrops' hands. The volume has a piece of marbled paper, a small piece of paper with excerpts of epitaphs from London and its environs described, in John Winthrop's hand, a scrap of blotting paper, a tabulation of butter in Hannah Winthrop's hand, and baptisms and deaths in the community, and a bill of mortality for 1772 in John Winthrop's hand.

Annotated almanac, 1773

Almanac containing two laid-in pages and calendar pages typically annotated with one or two notes at the bottom recording household activities in Hannah and John Winthrops' hands. Laid into the volume are two pieces of paper with a tabulation of butter in Hannah Winthrop's hand, and baptisms and deaths in the community, and a bill of mortality for 1773 in John Winthrop's hand, and a chart of burials and baptisms for the first parish in Cambridge for the years 1764-1771.

Diary (fragment), 1774

Piece of folded paper containing notes of baptisms and deaths in the community and a bill of mortality for Cambridge in 1774 in John Winthrop's hand and tabulations of butter in Hannah Winthrop's hand.