Endocrine Disruptors and Hypothalamic Sexual Differentiation

The so-called endocrine disruptors have been described as compounds which interfere with the estrogen action in their receptors and may exert a crucial role in the development of the reproductive tract and in the brain sexual differentiation. Thus, conducts and/or exposure to these drugs in the perinatal period that apparently do not endanger the neonate may cause side effects. During embrionary development, the gonads, through discharge of a small quantity of reproductive hormones, will guarantee the phenotype of male or female at birth, as well as actuate in specific areas sexual differentiation of the central nervous system. Several experimental models have shown an interference of drugs acting as endocrine disruptors in hypothalamic sexual differentiation. Thus, reproductive function is impaired by exposure to estrogen in the perinatal life of rats and the mechanisms involved in this effect are distinct for males and females. Perinatal exposure to drugs which may be considered endocrine disrupters may induce an incomplete masculinization and defeminization of the central nervous system. Alterations in these processes, if present, generally are perceived only at puberty or adult reproductive life. These later alterations may include anomalies in the process of fertility or in sexual behavior.

Hydatidiform mole resulting from sexual violence

Background. Hydatidiform mole (HM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of human trophoblast with producers functioning tissues of human chorionic gonadotropin. It can evolve with ovarian cysts tecaluteínicos, hypertension of pregnancy or hyperthyroidism. The incidence of HM is variable and its etiology poorly known, associated with nutritional factors, environmental, age, parity, history of HM, oral contraceptives, smoking, consanguinity or defects in germ cells. There is no reference in literature on HM resulting from sexual violence, objective of this report. Method. Description of two cases of HM among 1146 patients with pregnancy resulting from sexual violence treated at Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo, from July 1994 to August 2011. Results. The cases affected young, white, unmarried, low educated and low parity women. Sexual violence was perpetrated by known offenders unrelated to the victims, under death threat. Ultrasound and CT of the pelvis showed bulky uterus compatible with HM without myometrial invasion. One case was associated with theca lutein cysts. The two cases were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy and evolved with hyperthyroidism. There was no hypertension, disease recurrence, metastasis or sexually transmitted infection. Conclusion. The incidence of HM was 1:573 pregnancies resulting from rape, within the range estimated for Latin American countries. Trophoblastic material can be preserved to identify the violence perpetrator, considering only the paternal HM chromosomes. History of sexual violence should be investigated in cases of HM in the first half of adolescence and women in a vulnerable condition. © 2012 Drezzet et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

An exploratory dimensional approach to premenstrual manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms: A multicentre study

Objective: In women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symptom severity appears to fluctuate over the course of the menstrual cycle. The objective of this paper was to compare female OCD patients with and without premenstrual worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), in terms of the clinical characteristics of OCD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 455 women with OCD, of whom 226 (49.7%) had experienced premenstrual OCS worsening and 229 (50.3%) had not (PMOCS-worse and PMOCS-same groups, respectively). Data were collected with the original and dimensional versions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, as well as with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: We found significant differences between the PMOCS-same and PMOCS-worse groups, the latter showing a higher frequency of suicidal ideation (P<.001), suicide attempts (P=.027), current use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (P=.022), lifetime use of mood stabilisers (P=.015), and sexual/religious obsessions (P<.001; OR. =1.90), as well as higher scores on the BDI (P<.001) and BAI (P<.001). Conclusion: Underscoring the fact that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder, there appears to be a subgroup of female OCD patients in whom the premenstrual period is associated with a higher frequency of sexual/religious obsessions, depression, anxiety, and suicidality. This might be attributable to hormonal fluctuations. Further studies are warranted in order to investigate this hypothesis by evaluating such patients at different phases of the menstrual cycle, as well as measuring hormonal levels. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Sexualidade infantil: uma investigação acerca da concepção das educadoras de uma creche universitária sobre educação sexual

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

O comportamento sexual do universitário brasileiro: estudo analítico-descritivo acerca de suas concepções, valores e atitudes sobre a sexualidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da terapia pré-natal com betametasona sobre o desenvolvimeto da prole, do nascimento à vida adulta reprodutiva, em ratos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Concepções da sexualidade romana na Inglaterra vitoriana: a leitura sobre Ovídio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Autocuidado de mulheres residentes no município de Benevides/PA na prevenção e controle de HPV: participação da(o) enfermeira(o)

INTRODUÇÃO: A infecção pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV) é uma das ISTs mais comuns no mundo e possui alto potencial carcinogênico para a cérvice uterina. OBJETIVOS: Identificar possíveis défices de competência para o autocuidado relativo ao comportamento de saúde sexual de mulheres atendidas nas Unidades Saúde da Família Paraíso do Murinin com resultados alterados para HPV e desenvolver estratégias de educação para a saúde que contribuam para comportamentos sexuais saudáveis na prevenção e controle do HPV e suas consequências. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa desenvolvida no município de Benevides, Estado do Pará. Estudo configurado como pesquisa convergente-assistencial (PCA), que teve como referencial teórico o Autocuidado de Orem. A estratégia educacional foi aplicada em 11 mulheres na faixa etária entre 25 e 64 anos, que realizaram o exame de PCCU entre os anos 2011 e 2012 e que tiveram resultado com alterações relacionadas à contaminação pelo HPV. No desenvolvimento da estratégia educacional foi utilizada a técnica do grupo focal, o qual perdurou por dois meses (19/03/13-14/05/2013), com sete encontros grupais. A análise das informações colhidas durante as atividades grupais foi baseada na PCA e no referencial de autocuidado de Orem, com foco nos objetivos definidos, buscando avaliar como a mudança na percepção dos comportamentos de saúde na prevenção e controle do HPV se processava ante a estratégia educacional desenvolvida, norteada pelos preceitos do sistema de enfermagem de apoio-educação de OREM. RESULTADOS: Durante a pesquisa foi identificado défice de competência para o autocuidado na prevenção, tratamento/controle do HPV e nos cuidados apropriados; défice de conhecimentos acerca do HPV, suas consequências e seu enfrentamento; défice de competência para o autocuidado em práticas de vida sexual satisfatoriamente partilhadas; défice de competência quanto ao cuidado relacionado à redução de riscos socioeconômicos; défice de autocuidado em desvio de saúde relacionado ao tratamento e controle do HPV. Posteriormente foram desenvolvidas ações educativas contribuintes para comportamentos sexuais seguros em face do HPV e a outras ISTs. Ao longo do processo educativo as mulheres passaram a demonstrar competência cognitiva quanto à infecção por HPV e competência para o autocuidado em práticas de vida sexual satisfatoriamente partilhadas. CONCLUSÃO E IMPLICAÇÕES: concluímos que as estratégias educacionais utilizadas contribuem na aprendizagem das mulheres infectadas pelo HPV, na medida em que demonstraram sinais deaquisição de competências e habilidades para autocuidado e higiene com vista a práticas sexuais mais saudáveis, de modo compartilhado com seus parceiros. As implicações para a prática assistencial estão relacionadas à necessidade da enfermagem no desenvolvimento de mecanismos para melhor acolher o par sexual como usuários, de acordo com a política de prevenção de ISTs e de promoção de saúde da mulher. Para o ensino, salienta-se a importância de capacitação em serviço para atender a unidade mulher/homem como par conjugal/sexual, como também na formação de profissionais com uma visão abrangente de unidade implicada: o casal, a família. Para a pesquisa, é imprescindível a investigação de comportamentos humanos que mantêm elevada a incidência de papilomavirus humano, no intuito de encontrar estratégias que debelem a incidência e intensifique o controle, o tratamento e a prevenção de agravos pelo HPV.

Cachaceiro e raparigueiro, desmantelado e largadão!: uma contribuição aos estudos sobre homens e masculinidades na região nordeste do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da bupropiona sobre o comportamento sexual, parâmetros espermáticos e fertilidade de ratos machos e sobre a contratilidade do ducto epididimático in vitro

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Neonatally induced mild diabetes: influence on development, behavior and reproductive function of female Wistar rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma contribuição à historiografia da educação sexual no Brasil: análise de três obras de Antonio Austregésilo (1923, 1928 e 1939)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hibridismo cultural: o imaginário europeu na construção da sexualidade feminina do primeiro século de colonização brasileira

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the conceptions of sexuality and female sexual behavior and conduct, formed from the merger of information and securities purchased under the eyes, rules and guidelines established relations with the Holy Office during his visit to Inquisitorial Brazil in the late sixteenth century. It is a survey of historical methodology in which we used as the exploratory research and literature. In the sixteenth century the Church increases the pressure to change the sexual mores that were free in the Middle Ages, a fact which influences the rules and regulations that are adopted by the Holy Office regarding the person's sex life. The first structure was based on Brazilian sexual alliance between Indians and settlers, which led to sugar, by the Portuguese, the customs of the land, which included sexual practices free since the Indians were out of Christian influence. Supported by the absence of white women, the settlers took them wives of the earth, usually more than one, creating conflict with the Jesuits who condemned Indian polygamy. In this context, in 1591, landed on Brazilian soil Heitor Furtado de Mendonca, and with it, the First Visitation of the Holy Office to investigate, arguing, exploring feelings and behaviors, to discover the true facts, finally, to demonstrate the errors Faith and punish them with the rigor of ecclesiastical law. His passing opens us to visualize traces of sexuality in the current "Tropic" a racist, misogynist world where black women and degraded land could be subject to the wishes of the white man, with whom he could mate at will. Alone and forgotten, women have not found the colony margin to denounce or to speak and were stigmatized by the look of travelers and writers have been through here.

A compreensão da definição freudiana do conceito de pulsão sexual para a compreensão do conceito de sexualidade humana

This article approaches the definition of sexual drive proposed by Freud in the Three Essays and how the psychoanalytic conception of human sexuality has been theoretically presented from this first exposition: both as a construct of the species and as an individual construct. It seeks to show how the very metapsychological definition of drive (Trieb) – in 1905 and also in Freud’s 1915 Instincts and their Vicissitudes – interlaced biological contributions and the psychoanalytic clinic in the formulation of an original concept of the human sexuality. The paper also discusses how, because of this duplicity, there is sometimes a developmental interpretation of sexuality in the Three Essays. In the first two of the Three essays, Freud tried to expand the possibilities of sexual behavior, analyzing the drives in the diversity of perversions and in children’s sexuality, while in the third essay the focus was on the adult sexual drive from the moment it organizes itself around an object (hence being no longer auto-erotic) and the reproduction function. Certain experts have occasionally questioned whether the 1905 article attributed a biological teleology to the human sexuality by assigning reproduction as the eventual purpose of the sexual drive – that is, a reproductive goal achieved through the sexual intercourse (coitus). Our study seeks to show how the physiological point of view proposed by Freud in his 1915 article on Instincts sheds some light on how the very biological origin of the drives denies this supposed exclusive reproductive purpose of sexuality. The duplicity of Freud’s concept of drive – as expressed in the enigmatic sentence where he states that this is a concept situated on the border between the psychical and the physical – is then discussed taking into account this intercrossing between the biological and the psychical presented in the Three Essays. The points of view proposed by Freud in 1915 for the definition of the concept of drive – the physiological and the biological points of view – are suggested as conceptual tools to the understanding of this twofold character of human sexuality, according to psychoanalysis.

Vulnerabilidade ao HIV em estudantes de ensino médio de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo

Introduction: sexuality is an inherent dimension in the human being, which is present in all stages of his development. However, it becomes relevant during the adolescence as it often sets the beginning of the individuals` sexual life. Objective: this study aimed at identifying the behaviors of adolescents regarding the HIV vulnerability, considering the differences between genders. Methods: it was used a structured questionnaire proposed by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education of Brazil with the title “Do I need to text for HIV?” Sample included 136 high school students in the inner state of São Paulo. Results: the results showed an increase in adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV, that is: 59.5% of the participants are in a vulnerable situation. Regarding the gender, research showed that women (33.1%) are more vulnerable than men (26.5%). Conclusion: it is observed that the lack of information is a reality that increases the vulnerability of adolescents, but it is also observed that the mere acquisition of information does not necessarily guarantee behavior change nor HIV prevention.