API-CALC 1.0: a computer program for calculating the average probability of identity allowing for substructure, inbreeding and the presence of close relatives

Individual identification via DNA profiling is important in molecular ecology, particularly in the case of noninvasive sampling. A key quantity in determining the number of loci required is the probability of identity (PIave), the probability of observing two copies of any profile in the population. Previously this has been calculated assuming no inbreeding or population structure. Here we introduce formulae that account for these factors, whilst also accounting for relatedness structure in the population. These formulae are implemented in API-CALC 1.0, which calculates PIave for either a specified value, or a range of values, for F-IS and F-ST.

Effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-1 0,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on immune cell function in healthy humans

Background: Animal studies have suggested that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a natural component of ruminant meat and dairy products, may confer beneficial effects on health. However, little information on the effects of CLA on immune function is available, especially in humans. Furthermore, the effects of individual isomers of CLA have not been adequately investigated. Objective: This study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet with 3 doses of highly enriched cis-9,trans-11 CLA (0.59, 1.19, and 2.38 g/d) or trans-10,cis-12 CLA (0.63, 1.26, and 2.52 g/d) on immune outcomes in healthy humans. Design: The study had a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Healthy men consumed 1, 2, and 4 capsules sequentially that contained 80% of either cis-9,trans-11 CLA or trans-10,cis-12 CLA for consecutive 8-wk periods. This regimen was followed by a 6-wk washout and a crossover to the other isomer. Results: Both CLA isomers decreased mitogen-induced T lymphocyte activation in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant negative correlation between mitogen-induced T lymphocyte activation and the proportions of both cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipids. However, CLA did not affect lymphocyte subpopulations or serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and did not have any consistent effects on ex vivo cytokine production. Conclusion: CLA supplementation results in a dose-dependent reduction in the mitogen-induced activation of T lymphocytes. The effects of cis-9,trans-l I CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA were similar, and there was a negative correlation between mitogen-induced T lymphocyte activation and the cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA contents of mononuclear cells.

Cyborg 1.0

I was born human. But this was an accident of fate - a condition merely of time and place. I believe it's something we have the power to change. I will tell you why. In August 1998, a silicon chip was implanted in my arm, allowing a computer to monitor me as I moved through the halls and offices of the Department of Cybernetics at the University of Reading, just west of London, where I've been a professor since 1988. My implant communicated via radio waves with a network of antennas throughout the department that in turn transmitted the signals to a computer programmed to respond to my actions. At the main entrance, a voice box operated by the computer said "Hello" when I entered; the computer detected my progress through the building, opening the door to my lab for me as I approached it and switching on the lights. For the nine days the implant was in place, I performed seemingly magical acts simply by walking in a particular direction. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether information could be transmitted to and from an implant. Not only did we succeed, but the trial demonstrated how the principles behind cybernetics could perform in real-life applications.

Bond-selective energy redistribution in the chemisorption of CH3D and CD3H on Pt{1 1 0}-(1 2): a first-principles molecular dynamics study

We have investigated the chemisorption of CH3D and CD3H on Pt{11 0}-(1 2) by performing first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of the recombinative desorption of CH3D (from adsorbed methyl and deuterium) and of CD3H (from adsorbed trideuteromethyl and hydrogen). Vibrational analysis of the symmetry adapted internal coordinates of the desorbing molecules shows that excitation of the single C– D (C–H) bond in the parent molecule is strongly correlated with energy excess in the reaction coordinate. The results of the molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with observed mode- and bond-specific reactivity measurements for chemisorption of methane and its isotopomers on platinum and nickel surfaces.

SHIMMER (1.0): a novel mathematical model for microbial and biogeochemical dynamics in glacier forefield ecosystems

SHIMMER (Soil biogeocHemIcal Model for Microbial Ecosystem Response) is a new numerical modelling framework designed to simulate microbial dynamics and biogeochemical cycling during initial ecosystem development in glacier forefield soils. However, it is also transferable to other extreme ecosystem types (such as desert soils or the surface of glaciers). The rationale for model development arises from decades of empirical observations in glacier forefields, and enables a quantitative and process focussed approach. Here, we provide a detailed description of SHIMMER, test its performance in two case study forefields: the Damma Glacier (Switzerland) and the Athabasca Glacier (Canada) and analyse sensitivity to identify the most sensitive and unconstrained model parameters. Results show that the accumulation of microbial biomass is highly dependent on variation in microbial growth and death rate constants, Q10 values, the active fraction of microbial biomass and the reactivity of organic matter. The model correctly predicts the rapid accumulation of microbial biomass observed during the initial stages of succession in the forefields of both the case study systems. Primary production is responsible for the initial build-up of labile substrate that subsequently supports heterotrophic growth. However, allochthonous contributions of organic matter, and nitrogen fixation, are important in sustaining this productivity. The development and application of SHIMMER also highlights aspects of these systems that require further empirical research: quantifying nutrient budgets and biogeochemical rates, exploring seasonality and microbial growth and cell death. This will lead to increased understanding of how glacier forefields contribute to global biogeochemical cycling and climate under future ice retreat.

Dessimetrização e enriquecimento enantiomérico de derivados do triciclo[5.2.1.0 2,6] decano através de enzimas e de indutores quirais. Preparação dos respectivos pseudopeptídeos restritos

Uma série de derivados quirais (e.e. > 99%) foram sintetizados a partir do meso- exo-(3R,5S)-3,5-dihidróximetilenotriciclo[5,2.1.02,6]decano com altos rendimentos, usando catálise enzimática (lipases) em reações de transesterificação. A resolução do respectivo diéster racêmico através da hidrólise catalisada com esterase (PLE) não forneceu o monoéster opticamente enriquecido; enquanto que a dessimetrização do anidrido usando indutores quirais (quinina e quinidina) resultou no monoéster opticamente enriquecido (e.e.≅ 60%). O respectivo amino-álcool protegido foi preparado. Alguns análogos inéditos de peptídeos restritos incorporados do triciclodecano foram sintetizados.

Análise do padrão W3C / XForms 1.0

Internet. Desde a versão 2.0 do HTML, entretanto, pouco foi melhorado no modelo de formulários proposto. Ao mesmo tempo, as necessidades dos desenvolvedores e os requisitos dos usuários cresceram dramaticamente. O W3C apontou uma resposta para as necessidades levantadas, o padrão XForms. O padrão XForms visa substituir o modelo de formulários definido no HTML por um modelo que separa o propósito da apresentação, adicionando, desta forma, a característica de independência de plataforma. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar o padrão XForms em relação à utilização de formulários HTML tradicionais, e à outras soluções existentes para automação de formulários na Internet, utilizando para isto uma aplicação piloto que procure utilizar alguns dos principais recursos disponíveis no padrão. Os pontos fortes, pontos fracos, dificuldades e lições aprendidas capturadas durante o desenvolvimento da aplicação piloto formam uma base de conhecimento apresentada neste trabalho.

Web 2.0, dilemmas 1.0: essay on an evolving market

Today the Internet is entwined into our everyday society. From the beginning days in 1980 to today, the Internet has been evolving. The creator of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, envisioned that the Internet would be a system with everything connected to everything. The web today is changing with new applications arriving from outside the previous channels of the megalithic software companies. Thousands of individual developers are creating micro-applications to enhance the earlier framework of the web. This revolution has been coined "Web 2.0". Many observers today are skeptical that Web 2.0 is really a revolution at all, but maybe is just a continuation of Berners-Lee's original concept. This paper examines, based on a critical literature review, the discussions taking place regarding Web 2.0.

Declínio da tecnologia WAP 1.0 no Brasil: o papel dos modelos de negócios

o surgimento dos telefones celulares foi uma grande revolução nas telecomunicações, pois as pessoas poderiam se comunicar de qualquer lugar, mesmo em movimento. No entanto, a grande demanda obrigou a criação de novos sistemas digitais de telefonia, com mais qualidade nas ligações, capacidade de transmissão de voz, dentre outros. Posteriormente, surgiu uma demanda que não queria apenas mais qualidade, mas também a disponibilização de serviços disponíveis a partir do celular. Isto originou o uso da tecnologia WAP. Focalizando o estudo no mercado brasileiro, a tecnologia WAP foi anunciada como a responsável por trazer a Internet utilizada nos computadores convencionais diretamente para o celular. Entretanto, diversos problemas relativos ao uso e custo desta tecnologia indicaram claras desvantagens da Internet no celular em comparação com a Internet convencional. Isto tomou a tecnologia W AP um fracasso de crítica no Brasil. Esta dissertação busca comprovar o fracasso da la versão da tecnologia W AP - W AP 1.0 - e a participação dos modelos de negócios utilizados na derrocada desta tecnologia no mercado brasileiro de telefonia celular.

Effect of heavy interstitials on anelastic properties of Nb-1.0 wt% Zr alloys

The mechanical properties of metals with bcc structure, such as niobium and its alloys, have changed significantly with the introduction of heavy interstitial elements. These interstitial elements (nitrogen, for example), present in the alloy, occupy octahedral sites and constitute an elastic dipole of tetragonal symmetry and might produce anelastic relaxation. This article presents the effect of nitrogen on the anelastic properties of Nb-1.0 wt% Zr alloys, measured by means of mechanical spectroscopy using a torsion pendulum. The results showed complex anelastic relaxation structures, which were resolved into their constituent peaks, representing each relaxation process. These processes are due to stress-induced ordering of the interstitial elements around the niobium and zirconium of the alloy.

Structural and magnetic characterization of MnxZn1-xFe2O4 (x=0.2; 0.35; 0.65; 0.8; 1.0) ferrites obtained by the citrate precursor method

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nanoparticle synthesis of La1-xSrxMnO3 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) perovskites

Synthesis of La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) by homogenous coprecipitation method using urea as precipitant agent Is reported. The particles are smaller than 200 nm after heating at 950 degreesC. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity was found to be similar to the reported value for single crystals of these manganites.

In situ solid state oxidation reaction for La1-xSrxMnO3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) formation

In situ solid state oxidation reaction for an alternative La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) formation is reported. Samples have been obtained by using strontium peroxide, lanthanum and manganese (III) oxide reagents. Strontium peroxide has induced the oxidation of Mn+3 to Mn+4. Lanthanum strontium-doped manganite was obtained without secondary phase formation. La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 showed two structural transitions. The first from 88 to 373 K and the second at 1073 K. which are explained by Jahn-Teller effect at low temperature and cation displacement at high temperature. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

The CND-Goiaba 1.0 software for nutritional diagnosis of guava (Psidium guajava L.) 'Paluma', in Brazil

Computer programs enable the transformation of raw data into useful information for decision making in many fields, including agriculture. Various programs have been developed to assist farmers to make better decisions about crop management practices and plant nutrition parameters. This article introduces the CND-Goiaba 1.0 software (C Sharp) and its use as a tool to perform the mathematical calculations involved in determining the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) indexes for the guava tree. This program was developed in Brazil, the world's leading producer of red guavas. A database was created based on 205 leaf samples collected in commercial plots (sampling units) of cultivated 'Paluma' guava trees (Psidium guajava L.) with ages between 5 and 20 years, during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growing seasons. The production data were normally distributed according to the Shapiro-Wilk test (W=0.988; p=0.11). The software made it possible to diagnose that 63% of the orchards evaluated needed to improve the nutritional status of their trees. The CND method showed severe nutritional imbalances in Mg and Zn in these orchards. © ISHS.