Genotypic comparison of Pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains

Pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for avariety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. However, commercial registration of P. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (BL2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistichuman pathogen. This study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic markers using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (fAFLP) fingerprinting.Results: Majority of the clinical isolates from culture collections were found to be improperly designated as P. agglomerans after sequence analysis. The frequent taxonomic rearrangements underwent by the Enterobacter agglomerans/Erwinia herbicola complex may be a major problem in assessing clinical associations within P. agglomerans. In the P. agglomerans sensu stricto (in the stricter sense) group, there was no discrete clustering of clinical/biocontrol strains and no marker was identified that was uniquely associated to clinical strains. A putative biocontrol-specific fAFLP marker was identified only in biocontrol strains. The partial ORF located in this band corresponded to an ABC transporter that was found in all P. agglomerans strains. Conclusion: Taxonomic mischaracterization was identified as a major problem with P.agglomerans, and current techniques removed a majority of clinical strains from this species. Although clear discrimination between P. agglomerans plant and clinical strains was not obtained with phylogenetic analysis, a single marker characteristic of biocontrol strains was identified whichmay be of use in strain biosafety determinations. In addition, the lack of Koch's postulate fulfilment, rare retention of clinical strains for subsequent confirmation, and the polymicrobial nature of P. agglomerans clinical reports should be considered in biosafety assessment of beneficial strains in this species

Approximate solution to the speed of spreading viruses

Recently, it has been shown that the speed of virus infections can be explained by time-delayed reactiondiffusion [J. Fort and V. Me´ndez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 178101 (2002)], but no analytical solutions were found. Here we derive formulas for the front speed, valid in appropriate limits. We also integrate numerically the evolution equations of the system. There is good agreement with both numerical and experimental speeds

Time-Delayed Spread of Viruses in Growing Plaques

The spread of viruses in growing plaques predicted by classical models is greater than that measured experimentally. There is a widespread belief that this discrepancy is due to biological factors. Here we show that the observed speeds can be satisfactorily predicted by a purely physical model that takes into account the delay time due to virus reproduction inside infected cells. No free or adjustable parameters are used

Zoning of the commercial poultry industry in Ontario as a method of avian influenza mitigation

L’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) est l’institution internationale responsable de la mise en place des mesures sanitaires associées aux échanges commerciaux d’animaux vivants. Le zonage est une méthode de contrôle recommandée par l’OIE pour certaines maladies infectieuses, dont l’influenza aviaire. Les éclosions d’influenza aviaire été extrêmement coûteuses pour l’industrie avicole partout dans le monde. Afin d’évaluer la possibilité d’user de cette approche en Ontario, les données sur les sites de production avicole ont été fournies par les fédérations d’éleveurs de volailles ce cette province. L’information portant sur les industries associées à la production avicole, soit les meuneries, les abattoirs, les couvoirs, et les usines de classification d’œufs, a été obtenue par l’entremise de plusieurs sources, dont des représentants de l’industrie avicole. Des diagrammes de flux a été crée afin de comprendre les interactions entre les sites de production et les industries associées à ceux-ci. Ces industries constituaient les éléments de bas nécessaires au zonage. Cette analyse a permis de créer une base de données portant sur intrants et extrants de production pour chaque site d’élevage avicole, ainsi que pour les sites de production des industries associées à l’aviculture. À l’aide du logiciel ArcGIS, cette information a été fusionnée à des données géospatiales de Statistique Canada de l’Ontario et du Québec. La base de données résultante a permis de réaliser les essais de zonage. Soixante-douze essais ont été réalisés. Quatre ont été retenus car celles minimisaient de façon similaire les pertes de production de l’industrie. Ces essais montrent que la méthode utilisée pour l’étude du zonage peut démontrer les déficits et les surplus de production de l’industrie avicole commerciale en Ontario. Ceux-ci pourront servir de point de départ lors des discussions des intervenants de l’industrie avicole, étant donné que la coopération et la communication sont essentielles au succès du zonage.

Genotypic comparison of Pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains

Pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. However, commercial registration of P. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (BL2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. This study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic markers using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (fAFLP) fingerprinting. Results: Majority of the clinical isolates from culture collections were found to be improperly designated as P. agglomerans after sequence analysis. The frequent taxonomic rearrangements underwent by the Enterobacter agglomerans/Erwinia herbicola complex may be a major problem in assessing clinical associations within P. agglomerans. In the P. agglomerans sensu stricto (in the stricter sense) group, there was no discrete clustering of clinical/biocontrol strains and no marker was identified that was uniquely associated to clinical strains. A putative biocontrol-specific fAFLP marker was identified only in biocontrol strains. The partial ORF located in this band corresponded to an ABC transporter that was found in all P. agglomerans strains. Conclusion: Taxonomic mischaracterization was identified as a major problem with P. agglomerans, and current techniques removed a majority of clinical strains from this species. Although clear discrimination between P. agglomerans plant and clinical strains was not obtained with phylogenetic analysis, a single marker characteristic of biocontrol strains was identified which may be of use in strain biosafety determinations. In addition, the lack of Koch's postulate fulfilment, rare retention of clinical strains for subsequent confirmation, and the polymicrobial nature of P. agglomerans clinical reports should be considered in biosafety assessment of beneficial strains in this species

Practical considerations of embryo manipulation: Preimplantation genetic typing

In the past years, research in embryo technologies is moving to the establishment of preimplantation genetic typing or also denominated preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The objectives of these tests are the prevention of genetic diseases transmission and the prediction of phenotypic characteristics, as well as sex determination, genetic disorders and productive and reproductive profiles, prior to the embryo transfer or freezing, during early stages of development. This paper points out the state-of-the-art of PGD, mainly in cattle and discuss the perspectives of multiloci genetic analysis of embryos. (C) 2001 by Elsevier B.V.

Influência do herpesvirus bovino tipo 5 no semen congelado de bovino sobre os parâmetros espermáticos e desenvolvimento embrionário in vitro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proteína capsidial do Rupestris stem pitting-associated vírus: seqüenciamento do gene, expressão em Escherichia coli, purificação e produção de anti-soro policlonal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocorrência de viroses em mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza brancroft) nas principais regiões produtoras do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Parâmetros clínicos, alterações sorológicas e qualidade do sêmen de touros jovens infectados experimentalmente com herpesvírus bovino tipo 1

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Caracterização demográfica e formas clínicas apresentadas por crianças internadas com dengue em um hospital de referência da Amazônia

Dengue tem causado epidemias de diferentes magnitudes nas últimas décadas e está presente em quase todos os Estados do Brasil, com a circulação dos quatro sorotipos diferentes, desde a introdução no país do sorotipo 4 em janeiro de 2011. O atual cenário epidemiológico do país indica a elevação das formas graves de dengue na faixa etária pediátrica. No entanto, estudos descritivos de casos da doença em crianças, que fazem referência às características epidemiológicas e clínicas, são pouco freqüentes. O presente trabalho destina-se a mostrar as características demográficas e formas clínicas apresentadas pelas crianças com idade inferior a doze anos, internadas com dengue, em um hospital de referência da Amazônia. Neste estudo, utilizou-se uma metodologia que permitisse uma busca retrospectiva, através da análise de 154 prontuários de crianças internadas com dengue no período de 2009 à 2011, no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, sexo, área de residência, distribuição por municípios, sinais e sintomas, data da internação, data de início dos sintomas, forma clínica da doença e valores de plaquetas, hematócrito e enzimas hepáticas. Neste estudo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os gêneros, e a maioria dos casos confirmados de dengue foram procedentes de municípios no interior do Pará (57,6%). A febre foi o sinal mais freqüentemente encontrado (98,7%). Petéquia foi a manifestação hemorrágica referida como mais freqüente neste estudo (76,6%). Entre os sinais de alerta para febre hemorrágica do Dengue, dor abdominal e vômitos estavam presentes em 77,3% dos pacientes. No que se refere ao tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas até a data da internação hospitalar, a principal característica observada neste estudo é que somente após cinco à sete dias do início do quadro clínico, os pacientes tiveram acesso ao tratamento em hospital de referência. Esses resultados mostram que é necessário reforçar os serviços básicos de saúde, a fim de fornecer diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado, sobretudo na faixa etária pediátrica, onde casos de dengue eventualmente são confundidos com outras viroses prevalentes na infância. Certamente, há necessidade de avaliar a eficácia dos programas de controle de dengue e aplicação de medidas específicas para áreas identificadas como prioritárias.

Isolamento viral e diagnóstico molecular de herpevírus canino

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Prevalência dos principais vírus respiratórios em bovinos da raça holandesa, no estado do Paraná

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Monitoração dos parâmetros reprodutivos e perfil sorológico do herpesvírus caprino tipo 1 e do herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em rebanhos caprinos dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Vigilância do vpirus da dengue e circulação dos sorotipos presentes em São José do Rio Preto entre 2011 e 2014

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)