955 resultados para VLSI CAD
Resumo:
Use of new technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), is important to corporations, yet understanding of their successful implementation is insuf. ciently developed. In this paper a case study is used to analyse the introduction of VR use in a British housebuilding company. Although the implementation was not successful in the manner initially anticipated, the study provides insight into the process of change, the constraints that inhibit implementation and the relationship between new technology and work organization. Comparison is made with the early use of CAD and similarities and differences between empirical . ndings of the case study and the previous literature are discussed.
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Virtual reality has the potential to improve visualisation of building design and construction, but its implementation in the industry has yet to reach maturity. Present day translation of building data to virtual reality is often unidirectional and unsatisfactory. Three different approaches to the creation of models are identified and described in this paper. Consideration is given to the potential of both advances in computer-aided design and the emerging standards for data exchange to facilitate an integrated use of virtual reality. Commonalities and differences between computer-aided design and virtual reality packages are reviewed, and trials of current system, are described. The trials have been conducted to explore the technical issues related to the integrated use of CAD and virtual environments within the house building sector of the construction industry and to investigate the practical use of the new technology.
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Ambientes de engenharia apresentam a forte característica da necessidade de cooperação entre projetistas na concepção de projetos CAD, o que provoca uma série de problemas em relação aos ambientes usuais encontrados em aplicações convencionais. Na busca de solucionar tais problemas, vários recursos e mecanismos relativos às gerências de dados e do processo de projeto são apresentados em vários estudos encontrados na literatura. Boa parte desses recursos estão embutidos nesse trabalho, que visa apresentar um sistema gerenciador de documentação técnica para ambientes de engenharia/CAD chamado GerDoc Ábacus. A proposta da construção do GerDoc Ábacus é baseada na busca da solução dos problemas relativos à consistência dos dados de projetos e da integração de tarefas de projetistas que interagem em ambientes distribuídos de projeto. Unindo vários mecanismos, é proposta uma interface totalmente interativa, objetivando manter a harmonia entre projetistas que fazem parte de equipes de projetos que são mantidos em atividade durante longos períodos de tempo, além de documentar todos os passos realizados acerca de cada um desses projetos. Dessa forma, o GerDoc Ábacus é uma ferramenta organizacional e administrativa para projetos de engenharia, sendo de fácil operacionalização, buscando altos níveis de integridade dos dados mantidos.
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Sistemas produtivos industriais podem combinar, em células de manufatura, diferentes características de automação de processos permitindo interfaceamento e possibilitando a flexibilização e otimização da manufatura. Nos processos de fabricação, as dificuldades para a execução de processos de usinagem convencional ou mesmo através de comando numérico, quando se dispõe de máquinas adequadas para a fabricação de peças de geometrias complexas, podem limitar a criatividade, bem como dificultar o desenvolvimento do processo produtivo de forma otimizada. As dificuldades encontradas vão desde fixação das peças, necessidades de dispositivos especiais, restrições nos volumes de trabalho de máquinas CNC e mesmo a geração de trajetórias complexas para máquinas com limitações de eixos. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia alternativa para usinagem, especialmente fresamento, com desenvolvimento de um algoritmo capaz de, através da utilização de recursos de sistemas CAD/CAM, traduzir arquivos gráficos para uma linguagem de programação utilizada em robôs. Na aplicação utilizam-se recursos dos sistemas CAD/CAM para gerar, numa primeira etapa, o código de programação para máquinas-ferramenta de comando numérico e posterior adaptação, para aplicação em sistemas robóticos. Informações de caminhos de ferramenta para usinagem em máquinas CNC são convertidos, através de uma interface computacional, em trajetórias a serem seguidas por uma ferramenta guiada por um manipulador de robô industrial. Os parâmetros de processo são também adequados as restrições dos sistemas robotizados. A viabilidade do sistema proposto é confirmada através de testes realizados em modelos de superfícies complexas, onde o objetivo do referido trabalho foi alcançado.
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Os projetos de CIs (Circuitos Integrados) atualmente compreendem muitas tarefas para sua execução. Durante um fluxo de projeto de CI são necessárias ferramentas que lidam com essas diferentes tarefas. Algumas empresas compilam diversas ferramentas em um único ambiente, ou framework, onde tais ferramentas são adaptadas para interagir entre si. O uso desses frameworks é suficiente para muitos projetos, porém podem existir requisitos que obriguem a utilização de ferramentas independentes para suprir deficiências dos ambientes, exigindo a utilização conjunta de ferramentas não projetadas para cooperar. A interoperabilidade entre sistemas computacionais tem se tornado um tópico de extrema importância. Ela possibilita a execução conjunta de ferramentas, diminuindo a necessidade de intervenção humana para tanto. A interoperação entre ferramentas independentes e frameworks é importante não somente para facilitar o uso conjunto de ferramentas, mas também permite que outros tópicos sejam explorados. Entre eles estão o trabalho de equipes geograficamente distantes e a possibilidade de trabalho com grandes quantidades de dados, que são duas questões importantes para microeletrônica. Ainda, a interoperação entre ferramentas independentes e ambientes traz benefícios mútuos: as ferramentas podem utilizar funcionalidades dos ambientes e se adaptar aos fluxos de projeto deles; os ambientes podem ter suas funcionalidades estendidas pela inclusão de novas ferramentas em seu trabalho. Essas questões são especialmente importantes para pequenas empresas ou ferramentas acadêmicas que não têm condições de incorporar em suas ferramentas muitos dos procedimentos que os ambientes oferecem. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para auxiliar a interoperação entre ferramentas independentes e frameworks relevantes para a microeletrônica, através de um protocolo inspirado em SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), além de oferecer ferramentas de auxílio para a adaptação ao protocolo proposto. A interação com os frameworks é feita através de linguagens script disponibilizadas por eles. Estudos de caso são apresentados para demonstrar a usabilidade da proposta.
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Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel
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O presente trabalho é o estudo dos aspectos da metodologia projetual, face às novas tecnologias da informática, Inteligência Artificial (Sistemas Especialistas) e CAD, consideradas as reais possibilidades de automatização no processo de concepção em Design. Esse artigo propõe uma metodologia para a construção de sistema inteligente capaz de auxiliar o designer nas tarefas projetuais. A indústria de calçados foi utilizada como estudo de caso para a aplicação da metodologia, onde as reais possibilidades de automação são verificadas.
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This article presents a detailed study of the application of different additive manufacturing technologies (sintering process, three-dimensional printing, extrusion and stereolithographic process), in the design process of a complex geometry model and its moving parts. The fabrication sequence was evaluated in terms of pre-processing conditions (model generation and model STL SLI), generation strategy and physical model post-processing operations. Dimensional verification of the obtained models was undertook by projecting structured light (optical scan), a relatively new technology of main importance for metrology and reverse engineering. Studies were done in certain manufacturing time and production costs, which allowed the definition of an more comprehensive evaluation matrix of additive technologies.
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The manufacturing of above and below-knee prosthesis starts by taking surfac measurements of the patient s residual limb. This demands the making of a cartridg with appropriate fitting and customized to the profile of each patient. The traditiona process in public hospitals in Brazil begins with the completion of a record file (according to law nº388, of July 28, 1999 by the ministry of the health) for obtaining o the prosthesis, where it is identified the amputation level, equipment type, fitting type material, measures etc. Nowadays, that work is covered by the Brazilian Nationa Health Service (SUS) and is accomplished in a manual way being used commo measuring tapes characterizing a quite rudimentary, handmade work and without an accuracy.In this dissertation it is presented the development of a computer integrate tool that it include CAD theory, for visualization of both above and below-knee prosthesis in 3D (i.e. OrtoCAD), as well as, the design and the construction a low cos electro-mechanic 3D scanner (EMS). This apparatus is capable to automatically obtain geometric information of the stump or of the healthy leg while ensuring smalle uncertainty degree for all measurements. The methodology is based on reverse engineering concepts so that the EMS output is fed into the above mentioned academi CAD software in charge of the 3D computer graphics reconstruction of the residualimb s negative plaster cast or even the healthy leg s mirror image. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model is valid, because it allows the structura analysis to be performed based on the requested loads, boundary conditions, material chosen and wall thickness. Furthermore it allows the manufacturing of a prosthesis cartridge meeting high accuracy engineering patterns with consequent improvement in the quality of the overall production process
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Due to advances in the manufacturing process of orthopedic prostheses, the need for better quality shape reading techniques (i.e. with less uncertainty) of the residual limb of amputees became a challenge. To overcome these problems means to be able in obtaining accurate geometry information of the limb and, consequently, better manufacturing processes of both transfemural and transtibial prosthetic sockets. The key point for this task is to customize these readings trying to be as faithful as possible to the real profile of each patient. Within this context, firstly two prototype versions (α and β) of a 3D mechanical scanner for reading residual limbs shape based on reverse engineering techniques were designed. Prototype β is an improved version of prototype α, despite remaining working in analogical mode. Both prototypes are capable of producing a CAD representation of the limb via appropriated graphical sheets and were conceived to work purely by mechanical means. The first results were encouraging as they were able to achieve a great decrease concerning the degree of uncertainty of measurements when compared to traditional methods that are very inaccurate and outdated. For instance, it's not unusual to see these archaic methods in action by making use of ordinary home kind measure-tapes for exploring the limb's shape. Although prototype β improved the readings, it still required someone to input the plotted points (i.e. those marked in disk shape graphical sheets) to an academic CAD software called OrtoCAD. This task is performed by manual typing which is time consuming and carries very limited reliability. Furthermore, the number of coordinates obtained from the purely mechanical system is limited to sub-divisions of the graphical sheet (it records a point every 10 degrees with a resolution of one millimeter). These drawbacks were overcome by designing the second release of prototype β in which it was developed an electronic variation of the reading table components now capable of performing an automatic reading (i.e. no human intervention in digital mode). An interface software (i.e. drive) was built to facilitate data transfer. Much better results were obtained meaning less degree of uncertainty (it records a point every 2 degrees with a resolution of 1/10 mm). Additionally, it was proposed an algorithm to convert the CAD geometry, used by OrtoCAD, to an appropriate format and enabling the use of rapid prototyping equipment aiming future automation of the manufacturing process of prosthetic sockets.
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In general, the designs of equipment takes into account the effects and processes of deterioration it will undergo and arrives at an approximate useful life. However, changes in operational processes and parameters, the action of external agents, the kind of maintenance conducted, the means of monitoring, and natural and accidental occurrences completely modify the desired performance of the equipment. The discontinuities that occur in anisotropic materials often and due to different factors evolve from being subcritical to critical acquiring the status of defect and compromising the physical integrity of the equipment. Increasingly sophisticated technological means of detection, monitoring and assessment of these discontinuities are required to respond ever more rapidly to the requirements of industry. This paper therefore presents a VPS (Virtual Pipe System) computational tool which uses the results of ultrasonic tests on equipment, plotting the discontinuities found in models created in the CAD and CAE systems, and then simulates the behavior of these defects in the structure to give an instantaneous view of the final behavior. This paper also presents an alternative method of conventional ultrasonic testing which correlates the integrity of an overlay (carbon steel and stainless steel attached by welding) and the reflection of ultrasonic waves coming from the interface between the two metals, thus making it possible to identify cracks in the casing and a shift of the overlay