Gestión y Cultura Ltda. Fomento al consumo y al servicio cultural

El Diseño de la empresa ‘’Gestión y Cultura’’, en Santa Fe de Bogotá busca ser una vínculo efectivo, ante los demás oferentes de servicios culturales (competencia), entre el consumidor final de los productos culturales (población demandante)

La pelota no se mancha: Un estudio histórico sobre el desarrollo y la política en FIFA

Esta investigación se centra en la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) como organización política. Intenta responder dos interrogantes primordiales: 1) ¿cómo la FIFA ha constituido el poder que tiene actualmente y, así, hacerse del monopolio indiscutido del fútbol? Y 2) ¿cómo ha cambiado en el tiempo la política interna de FIFA y su vínculo con la política internacional? Para lograr esto, se realiza un estudio histórico, basado principalmente en documentos, que intenta caracterizar y analizar los cambios de la organización en el tiempo. Se enfatizan las últimas dos presidencias de FIFA, de João Havelange y Joseph Blatter, como casos de estudio.

Implementación de la política de seguridad en Cali durante las alcaldías de Jorge Iván Ospina y Rodrigo Guerrero

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo evaluar la implementación de las políticas públicas de seguridad ciudadana en Cali durante las administraciones de Jorge Iván Ospina (2008 – 2011) y Rodrigo Guerrero (2012 – 2013). Se buscó determinar cuáles han sido los errores que se han cometido durante la fase de ejecución de las políticas públicas ya que, aunque muestran un diseño y una comprensión de la problemática desde una perspectiva multidimensional, no arrojan resultados satisfactorios. Para esto, se hizo un análisis documental y se revisaron los conceptos de política pública, seguridad ciudadana y criminalidad y violencia, además de las políticas de seguridad de cada uno de los alcaldes y las políticas que, en cada uno de esos momentos, se ejecutaban a nivel nacional. Al final de la investigación se podrán encontrar los errores descubiertos y una serie de recomendaciones formuladas de acuerdo a los hallazgos de la investigación.

Mexico.

Examina la geografía,la historia,la economía,la sociedad y la cultura de Mexico. Incluye actividades de cartografía y datos interesantes sobre la geografía, la flora y la fauna. Al final hay una relación alfabética de las palabras típicas mexicanas, con la pronunciación fgurada para los lectores de lengua inglesa. Hay un glosario final.

La percepción del clima del aula después de un cambio en la evaluación en el alumnado de psicopedagogía.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Teachers' networks in and out of school

A 'mapping task' was used to explore the networks available to head teachers, school coordinators and local authority staff. Beginning from an ego-centred perspective on networks, we illustrate a number of key analytic categories, including brokerage, formality, and strength and weakness of links with reference to a single UK primary school. We describe how teachers differentiate between the strength of network links and their value, which is characteristically related to their potential impact on classroom practice.

Land, rights and the gift: the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 and the negotiation of citizenship

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act came into force at the end of 2000 with,as part of its content, new provisions relating to public access to the English and Welsh countryside. In this paper we review the main elements of the Act and assess its meaning in relation to citizenship, territoriality and the place of land in English law and society. We invoke Mauss’s (1954)concept of Gift to explain the process of brokerage being made over access and rights in the countryside. In conclusion we reflect on the Act as being indicative of a wider move towards Bromley’s (1998)post-feudal scenario for land and its governance.

Mid-term evaluation of African Technology Policy Studies Network Phase VI Strategic Plan: for the period January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a multidisciplinary network of researchers, private sector actors, policymakers and civil society. ATPS has the vision to become the leading international centre of excellence and reference in science, technology and innovation (STI) systems research, training and capacity building, communication and sensitization, knowledge brokerage, policy advocacy and outreach in Africa. It has a Regional Secretariat in Nairobi Kenya, and operates through national chapters in 29 countries (including 27 in Africa and two Chapters in the United Kingdom and USA for Africans in the Diaspora) with an expansion plan to cover the entire continent by 2015. The ATPS Phase VI Strategic Plan aims to improve the understanding and functioning of STI processes and systems to strengthen the learning capacity, social responses, and governance of STI for addressing Africa's development challenges, with a specific focus on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). A team of external evaluators carried out a midterm review to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the Strategic Plan for the period January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. The evaluation methodology involved multiple quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the qualitative and quantitative inputs (human resources, financial resources, time, etc.) into ATPS activities (both thematic and facilitative) and their tangible and intangible outputs, outcomes and impacts. Methods included a questionnaire survey of ATPS members and stakeholders, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with members in six countries. Effectiveness of Programmes Under all six strategic goals, very good progress has been made towards planned outputs and outcomes. This is evidenced by key performance indicators (KPIs) generated from desk review, ratings from the survey respondents, and the themes that run through the FGDs. Institutional and Programme Cost Effectiveness Institutional Effectiveness: assessment of institutional effectiveness suggests that adequate management frameworks are in place and are being used effectively and transparently. Also technical and financial accounting mechanisms are being followed in accordance with grant agreements and with global good practice. This is evidenced by KPIs generated from desk review. Programme Cost Effectiveness: assessment of cost-effectiveness of execution of programmes shows that organisational structure is efficient, delivering high quality, relevant research at relatively low cost by international standards. The evidence includes KPIs from desk review: administrative costs to programme cost ratio has fallen steadily, to around 10%; average size of research grants is modest, without compromising quality. There is high level of pro bono input by ATPS members. ATPS Programmes Strategic Evaluation ATPS research and STI related activities are indeed unique and well aligned with STI issues and needs facing Africa and globally. The multi-disciplinary and trans-boundary nature of the research activities are creating a unique group of research scientists. The ATPS approach to research and STI issues is paving the way for the so called Third Generation University (3GU). Understanding this unique positioning, an increasing number of international multilateral agencies are seeking partnership with ATPS. ATPS is seeing an increasing level of funding commitments by Donor Partners. Recommendations for ATPS Continued Growth and Effectiveness On-going reform of ATPS administrative structure to continue The on-going reforms that have taken place within the Board, Regional Secretariat, and at the National Chapter coordination levels are welcomed. Such reform should continue until fully functional corporate governance policy and practices are fully established and implemented across the ATPS governance structures. This will further strengthen ATPS to achieve the vision of being the leading STI policy brokerage organization in Africa. Although training in corporate governance has been carried out for all sectors of ATPS leadership structure in recent time, there is some evidence that these systems have not yet been fully implemented effectively within all the governance structures of the organization, especially at the Board and National chapter levels. Future training should emphasize practical application with exercises relevant to ATPS leadership structure from the Board to the National Chapter levels. Training on Transformational Leadership - Leading a Change Though a subject of intense debate amongst economists and social scientists, it is generally agreed that cultural mindsets and attitudes could enhance and/or hinder organizational progress. ATPS’s vision demands transformational leadership skills amongst its leaders from the Board members to the National Chapter Coordinators. To lead such a change, ATPS leaders must understand and avoid personal and cultural mindsets and value systems that hinder change, while embracing those that enhance it. It requires deliberate assessment of cultural, behavioural patterns that could hinder progress and the willingness to be recast into cultural and personal habits that make for progress. Improvement of relationship amongst the Board, Secretariat, and National Chapters A large number of ATPS members and stakeholders feel they do not have effective communications and/or access to Board, National Chapter Coordinators and Regional Secretariat activities. Effort should be made to improve the implementation of ATPS communication strategy to improve on information flows amongst the ATPS management and the members. The results of the survey and the FGDs suggest that progress has been made during the past two years in this direction, but more could be done to ensure effective flow of pertinent information to members following ATPS communications channels. Strategies for Increased Funding for National Chapters There is a big gap between the fundraising skills of the Regional Secretariat and those of the National Coordinators. In some cases, funds successfully raised by the Secretariat and disbursed to national chapters were not followed up with timely progress and financial reports by some national chapters. Adequate training in relevant skills required for effective interactions with STI key policy players should be conducted regularly for National Chapter coordinators and ATPS members. The ongoing training in grant writing should continue and be made continent-wide if funding permits. Funding of National Chapters should be strategic such that capacity in a specific area of research is built which, with time, will not only lead to a strong research capacity in that area, but also strengthen academic programmes. For example, a strong climate change programme is emerging at University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), with strong collaborations with Universities from neighbouring States. Strategies to Increase National Government buy-in and support for STI Translating STI research outcomes into policies requires a great deal of emotional intelligence, skills which are often lacking in the first and second generation universities. In the epoch of the science-based or 2GUs, governments were content with universities carrying out scientific research and providing scientific education. Now they desire to see universities as incubators of new science- or technology-based commercial activities, whether by existing firms or start-ups. Hence, governments demand that universities take an active and leading role in the exploitation of their knowledge and they are willing to make funds available to support such activities. Thus, for universities to gain the attention of national leadership they must become centres of excellence and explicit instruments of economic development in the knowledge-based economy. The universities must do this while working collaboratively with government departments, parastatals, and institutions and dedicated research establishments. ATPS should anticipate these shifting changes and devise programmes to assist both government and universities to relate effectively. New administrative structures in member organizations to sustain and manage the emerging STI multidisciplinary teams Second Generation universities (2GUs) tend to focus on pure science and often do not regard the application of their know-how as their task. In contrast, Third Generation Universities (3GUs) objectively stimulate techno-starters – students or academics – to pursue the exploitation or commercialisation of the knowledge they generate. They view this as being equal in importance to the objectives of scientific research and education. Administratively, research in the 2GU era was mainly monodisciplinary and departments were structured along disciplines. The emerging interdisciplinary scientific teams with focus on specific research areas functionally work against the current mono-disciplinary faculty-based, administrative structure of 2GUs. For interdisciplinary teams, the current faculty system is an obstacle. There is a need for new organisational forms for university management that can create responsibilities for the task of know-how exploitation. ATPS must anticipate this and begin to strategize solutions for their member institutions to transition to 3Gus administrative structure, otherwise ATPS growth will plateau, and progress achieved so far may be stunted.

Broker use and the cost of liquidity in commercial real estate investment

Purpose – Commercial real estate is a highly specific asset: heterogeneous, indivisible and with less information transparency than most other commonly held investment assets. These attributes encourage the use of intermediaries during asset acquisition and disposal. However, there are few attempts to explain the use of different brokerage models (with differing costs) in different markets. This study aims to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach – The study analyses 9,338 real estate transactions in London and New York City from 2001 to 2011. Data are provided by Real Capital Analytics and cover over $450 billion of investments in this period. Brokerage trends in the two cities are compared and probit regressions are used to test whether the decision to transact with broker representation varies with investor or asset characteristics. Findings – Results indicate greater use of brokerage in London, especially by purchasers. This persists when data are disaggregated by sector, time or investor type, pointing to the role of local market culture and institutions in shaping brokerage models and transaction costs. Within each city, the nature of the investors involved seems to be a more significant influence on broker use than the characteristics of the assets being traded. Originality/value – Brokerage costs are the single largest non-tax charge to an investor when trading commercial real estate, yet there is little research in this area. This study examines the role of brokers and provides empirical evidence on factors that influence the use and mode of brokerage in two major investment destinations.

”En aktiemarknad för alla” : Integritet och marknadsomsorg i (själv)regleringen av den svenska värdepappersmarknaden

”A stock market for all”. Integrity and concern for the market in the (self-)regulation of the Swedish securities market This article deals with the transformation process that led to the substantial growth of the securities markets, and also led to a situation where Sweden became one of the leading countries when it comes to ordinary people investing in shares and mutual funds. The article discusses how social control and regulation of the market changed as a result of this process. A sudden and strong unanimity for knowledge tests in order for a stockbroker to be allowed to conduct brokerage, advisory services and asset management was the significant change in this transformation process. Knowledge tests were first introduced on a voluntary basis by the industry itself, but is now a mandatory requirement by the State. This article argues that the unanimity for knowledge tests best can be understood by studying the broadening of the financial markets. The broadening meant that more groups in society – with very varying capabilities – had started to place their assets in the security markets. They were encouraged to do so since this was considered to be the solution to the growing number of socioeconomic problems. This article is mainly based on market statistics and document analysis supplemented by interviews.

Library Privacy Policies in 2015: Strategies for Renewed Relevance

In recent decades, library associations have advocated for the adoption of privacy and confidentiality policies as practical support to the Library Code of Ethics with a threefold purpose to (1) define and uphold privacy practices within the library, (2) convey privacy practices to patrons and, (3) protect against potential liability and public relations problems. The adoption of such policies has been instrumental in providing libraries with effective responses to surveillance initiatives such as warrantless requests and the USA PATRIOT ACT. Nevertheless, as reflected in recent news stories, the rapid emergence of data brokerage relationships and technologies and the increasing need for libraries to utilize third party vendor services have increased opportunities for data surveillers to access patrons’ personal information and reading habits, which are funneled and made available through multiple online library service platforms. Additionally, the advice that libraries should “contract for the same level of privacy reflected in their privacy policies” is no longer realistic given that the existence of multiple vendor contracts negotiated at arms length is likely to produce varying privacy terms and even varying definitions of what constitutes personal information (PII). These conditions sharply threaten the effectiveness and relevance of library privacy policies and privacy initiatives in that such policies increasingly offer false comfort by failing to reflect privacy weaknesses in the data sharing landscape and vendor contracts when library-vendor contracts fail to keep up with vendor data sharing capabilities. While some argue that library privacy ethics are antiquated and rendered obscure in the current online sharing economy PEW studies point to pronounced public discomfort with increasing privacy erosion. At the same time, new directions in FTC enforcement raise the possibility that public institutions’ privacy policies may serve as swords to unfair or deceptive commercial trade practices – offering the potential of renewed relevance for library privacy and confidentiality policies. This dual coin of public concern and the potential for enhanced FTC enforcement suggests that when crafting privacy polices libraries must now walk the knife’s edge by offering patrons both realistic notice about the limitations of protections the library can ensure while at the same time publicly holding vendors accountable to library privacy ethics and expectations. Potential solutions for how to walk this edge are developed and offered as a subject for further discussion to assist the modification of model policies for both public and academic libraries alike.

Marketing esportivo - teoria e prática: um estudo de caso do clube Atlético Paranaense

o esporte ocupa uma posição privilegiada no segmento de entretenimento e envolve enorme capacidade de geração de renda e de empregos, devendo ser, então, tratado como negócio. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é identificar como uma gestão profissional do Departamento de Marketing de um clube de futebol, com um planejamento estratégico bem definido, pode gerar benefícios tangíveis e intangíveis para uma agremiação e, para tanto, vale-se do estudo de caso do modelo de gestão de marketing do Atlético-PR, que vem se constituindo em benchmarking no universo do futebol brasileiro. Desta feita, procura-se demonstrar como o marketing esportivo bem gerido pode incrementar as receitas já tradicionalmente praticadas pelos clubes brasileiros de futebol, a saber: direitos de transmissão, Internet, bilheteria, licenciamento de produtos, publicidade e patrocínio. Para tanto, utiliza-se de um levantamento teórico e empírico da realidade destas fontes de receita, apuradas no estágio atual, e apresenta experiências internacionais e de caráter nacional bem-sucedidas que adaptadas poderiam levar ao aumento dos valores arrecadados pelos clubes brasileiros de futebol. Os resultados indicam que há inúmeras ferramentas de marketing passíveis de aplicabilidade no segmento esportivo, como sugere o estudo de caso do Clube Atlético Paranaense, capazes de fazer com que os clubes brasileiros incrementem seu potencial de receita.

Fatores críticos de sucesso na corretagem de ações pela internet na visão do investidor: um estudo exploratório

The aim of this study is to investigate, under the perspective of the investor, the determinant factors for the success of the stock brokerage process over the Web, through financial portals in the Brazilian Internet. This study is based on a theoretical framework which shows the evolution of the electronic commerce all over the world, and, specially, in Brazil; analyses the role of intermediation, desintermediation and reintermediation in the electronic commerce; stresses the differences between the traditional stocks brokerage process and the one made possible by the Internet; and, finally, describes the profile of the investors which operates their investments in the financial markets over the Web.The conclusions of this study are obtained based on a field study, conducted with Brazilian investors that operate using Internet based financial portals for the intermediation of their stock operations. The findings obtained where analyzed under the perspective brought by the theoretical reference framework, and, based on this approach, the critical aspects for the success of stock brokerage over the Internet, under the vision of the investor, could be deducted and discussed.

Raciocínio baseado em casos aplicado a diversos domínios de problema

A procura por uma forma de, fácil e rapidamente, retirar conhecimento de um especialista e transmiti-lo a outros profissionais tem levado ao desenvolvimento de diversas pesquisas que unem metodologias de raciocínio com o atendimento a problemas. Os ambientes corporativos demonstram sua eficiência baseados na maneira como desenvolvem suas tarefas. Cada vez mais, buscam alternativas que os ajudem a responder por atividades e problemas ocorridos, as quais podem significar um processo de manutenção que pode decidir o nível de eficiência e competência da organização. Estas alternativas compreendem ferramentas ou profissionais, os quais transformaram-se em especialistas por adquirirem conhecimento e capacidade em prover soluções a problemas. As características de um problema podem ser alteradas sob alguns aspectos mas, mesmo em domínios mais complexos como a gerência de redes de computadores ou a medicina, algo que foi aprendido sempre tem utilidade em novas situações. Este é o tipo de conhecimento e raciocínio próprios de um especialista, ou seja, o uso de suas experiências. Raciocínio Baseado em Casos (case-based reasoning) é uma metodologia de inteligência artificial que apresenta a forma de raciocínio semelhante à de um especialista, onde o raciocínio é obtido por um processo de recordar um exemplo concreto. Porém, as pesquisas que a utilizam, geralmente, desenvolvem trabalhos para um específico tipo de domínio de problema, o que resulta em alterações de programação, caso estes desejem ser adaptados para outros domínios. Este procedimento, muitas vezes, é tido como difícil e trabalhoso Baseando-se neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta um mecanismo que fornece inclusões de conhecimento de especialistas, independente do tipo de domínio de problema, e raciocínio sobre este conhecimento, de forma a auxiliar usuários com problemas referentes ao domínio cadastrado. Para tanto, a implementação baseou-se na união de sistemas de registros de problemas (trouble ticket systems) com raciocínio baseado em casos, propondo uma forma auxiliar no conhecimento e busca de soluções em domínios de problema. O estudo, além de fazer uso das metodologias citadas acima, usa o domínio de gerenciamento de segurança em redes de computadores para exercitar suas funções, provar sua utilidade e dificuldades. Assim, um estudo mais detalhado sobre os problemas que cercam o domínio de segurança em redes TCP/IP foi desenvolvido.

Marketing & finanças: investimentos em marketing e valor dos ativos intangíveis

Após a profunda crise financeira de 2008, houve um aumento do questionamento sobre os objetivos da Firma e a sua relação com os mercados financeiros. Existe um paradoxo entre a prática corrente de maximização da performance financeira de curto-prazo da organização, demandada pelos agentes financeiros aos executivos das empresas, e o próprio conceito financeiro de valoração da Firma., que considera como valor da Firma o valor presente dos fluxos de caixa futuros descontados. Portanto, segundo a proposição de maximização de valor, o objetivo da Firma é aumentar o seu valor total de longo prazo (JENSEN, 2000). É função primordial das estratégias de marketing, aí incluídos os investimentos em inovação (P&D), o objetivo de gerar crescimento e consistência de longo prazo do negócio, isto é, a ampliação dos ativos intangíveis para gerar ativos tangíveis. Norteado pela estrutura conceitual de Ativos base Mercado (SRIVASTAVA; SHERVANI; FAHEY, 1998), o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o tema, com uma proposição de métricas simples, adaptadas de índices de desempenho do setor varejo, o Ticket Médio Cliente (TMC) e o Lucro Ticket Médio Cliente (LTMC), que possam relacionar os investimentos em marketing e o valor da Firma através da variação da qualidade da base de clientes da empresa, que é a fonte de geração de receitas e parte dos ativos intangíveis. O estudo utilizou para os testes empíricos dados das seguintes empresas, com ações negociadas na Bovespa: Sadia e Perdigão, pertencentes ao setor de alimentos processados, de 1999 a 2010, e também as companhias aéreas TAM e Gol no período de 2004 a 2010. Os testes não foram conclusivos, devido a determinadas limitações dos dados, não permitindo provar ou descartar as hipóteses testadas. Porém a linha lógica e a simplicidade do método deveriam ser exploradas por estudos futuros, pois se confirmado e provado, forneceria uma ferramenta simples e objetiva de análise e comunicação por parte de todos os agentes envolvidos (executivos de marketing, diretores financeiros e presidentes, analistas de mercado e investidores), com relação à criação de valor de Ativos base Mercado (ativos intangíveis) que impactam o valor da Firma.