Modos de vida de jovens na Madeira

Os modos de vida dos jovens da Madeira refletem a forma de sentir, pensar e agir dos jovens no quadro dos contextos sociais que marcam as condições da sua existência e os seus espaços de atuação. Atender à atualização do conhecimento sobre o modo como os jovens integram os estímulos que recebem e os traduzem em expressões de vida, impõe uma sempre renovada produção científica que permita formulações e reformulações teóricas para a compreensão das dinâmicas sociais que determinam ajustamentos e reajustamentos nos modos de vida dos jovens. Compreender como se estruturam esses modos de vida a partir dos contextos socioeconómicos e culturais juvenis, permitindo a elaboração de um quadro tipológico de modos de vida de jovens madeirenses, constituiu o objetivo deste estudo. Interessa-nos principalmente compreender o que marca a vida dos jovens madeirenses no séc. XXI em contextos de mudança e os atuais condicionamentos e fronteiras do processo de transição para a vida adulta. Tendo em conta o corpo de conhecimento contemporâneo da sociologia da juventude, da sociologia das classes sociais e dos seus instrumentos metodológicos de pesquisa, foi possível identificar os principais indicadores de trajetória e condição de vida dos atores, permitindo, a partir da análise dos dados obtidos, desenhar um quadro de cinco tipos de modos de vida dos jovens na Madeira.

Modos projetuais de simulação: uso de ferramentas de simulação térmica no processo projetual de arquitetura

This thesis aims to describe and demonstrate the developed concept to facilitate the use of thermal simulation tools during the building design process. Despite the impact of architectural elements on the performance of buildings, some influential decisions are frequently based solely on qualitative information. Even though such design support is adequate for most decisions, the designer will eventually have doubts concerning the performance of some design decisions. These situations will require some kind of additional knowledge to be properly approached. The concept of designerly ways of simulating focuses on the formulation and solution of design dilemmas, which are doubts about the design that cannot be fully understood nor solved without using quantitative information. The concept intends to combine the power of analysis from computer simulation tools with the capacity of synthesis from architects. Three types of simulation tools are considered: solar analysis, thermal/energy simulation and CFD. Design dilemmas are formulated and framed according to the architect s reflection process about performance aspects. Throughout the thesis, the problem is investigated in three fields: professional, technical and theoretical fields. This approach on distinct parts of the problem aimed to i) characterize different professional categories with regards to their design practice and use of tools, ii) investigate preceding researchers on the use of simulation tools and iii) draw analogies between the proposed concept, and some concepts developed or described in previous works about design theory. The proposed concept was tested in eight design dilemmas extracted from three case studies in the Netherlands. The three investigated processes are houses designed by Dutch architectural firms. Relevant information and criteria from each case study were obtained through interviews and conversations with the involved architects. The practical application, despite its success in the research context, allowed the identification of some applicability limitations of the concept, concerning the architects need to have technical knowledge and the actual evolution stage of simulation tools

Atenuação de ruídos coerentes utilizando decomposição em modos empíricos

The seismic processing technique has the main objective to provide adequate picture of geological structures from subsurface of sedimentary basins. Among the key steps of this process is the enhancement of seismic reflections by filtering unwanted signals, called seismic noise, the improvement of signals of interest and the application of imaging procedures. The seismic noise may appear random or coherent. This dissertation will present a technique to attenuate coherent noise, such as ground roll and multiple reflections, based on Empirical Mode Decomposition method. This method will be applied to decompose the seismic trace into Intrinsic Mode Functions. These functions have the properties of being symmetric, with local mean equals zero and the same number of zero-crossing and extremes. The developed technique was tested on synthetic and real data, and the results were considered encouraging

Adubação nitrogenada para milho com o uso de plantas de cobertura e modos de aplicação de calcário

O sistema plantio direto (SPD) é uma realidade na região dos Cerrados, mas alguns questionamentos persistem nesse tipo de manejo como o modo de realização da calagem e a dose de nitrogênio (N) a ser adotada em cultura comercial, em relação às culturas precedentes. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar modos de aplicar o calcário na implantação do SPD e o efeito de culturas de cobertura precedentes sobre a necessidade de adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho, durante diferentes anos agrícolas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (modos de aplicação do calcário x culturas de cobertura) e posterior divisão em três subparcelas, referentes às doses de N (0, 90 e 180 kg ha-1). Foram avaliados quatro modos de aplicação de calcário: incorporado a 0-0,2 m, em out./2001; dose total em superfície aplicada, em out./2001; aplicação de 1/2 da dose, em out./2001, e 1/2, em ago./2002, na superfície; e aplicação de 1/3 da dose recomendada, em mar./2001, + 1/3, em out./2001, e 1/3, em ago./2002, também em superfície. Além de um tratamento testemunha (sem calcário) e duas culturas de cobertura, crotalária e milheto. Os diferentes modos de calagem não alteraram a produtividade de grãos de milho. O cultivo de milho após crotalária apresentou melhor desempenho e menor demanda de adubação nitrogenada, quando comparado ao cultivado após milheto.

Resposta de mudas de goiabeira a doses e modos de aplicação de fertilizante fosfatado

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de goiabeira em resposta a doses e modos de aplicação de fertilizante fosfatado. As mudas de goiabeira foram transplantadas em conjuntos de vasos (sacos plásticos, 18 x 28 cm) geminados, contendo em cada lado 2,8 dm³ do subsolo de um Argissolo (P resina = 1 mg dm-3), de modo que a metade do sistema radicular ficasse em cada vaso. Usou-se um fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 + 1 (testemunha, sem fósforo), em 5 blocos casualizados. As doses de 70; 140 e 280 mg de P dm-3 de solo, na forma de superfosfato triplo, foram aplicadas de dois modos diferentes com relação ao solo (distribuído em todo o volume do solo ou localizado a 1/3 de profundidade) e dois modos diferentes com relação às raízes (dividindo-se a dose igualmente entre os dois vasos do conjunto ou aplicando-se a dose total em um único vaso). Cem dias após o transplante, verificou-se maior acúmulo de P e maior produção de matéria seca nas plantas que receberam adubação fosfatada. As mudas de goiabeira responderam positivamente à adubação fosfatada, sendo a dose próxima de 100 mg de P dm-3 de solo suficiente para o bom desenvolvimento das plantas. Doses acima de 200 mg de P dm-3 promoveram redução do crescimento das mudas de goiabeira. A disponibilização de fósforo à metade ou a todo o sistema radicular da goiabeira não afetou o suprimento desse nutriente às mudas e tampouco o seu desenvolvimento. A aplicação do adubo fosfatado distribuído em todo o volume de solo no vaso proporcionou maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e menor desenvolvimento da parte aérea das mudas de goiabeira, comparado à aplicação localizada do adubo a 1/3 de profundidade.

Modos de ser e modos de viver : a trajetória dos estrangeiros em Natal/RN

This work aims to understand the trajectory of immigrants living in Natal / RN, between the years 1990 and 2009, their motivations for this change, their sociability relations, as well as the impact of this group in Natal and specifically, in the district of Ponta Negra, where most of them established their residences or work. Considering that the historical, political, economical and social environment where these immigrants are inserted, are different from that experienced by former immigrants who came to Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of mass migration, it was revealed that immigration studied in contemporary Natal constitutes a new configuration (Elias, 1994). This new configuration is represented by several characteristics that distinguish this contemporary immigration, as: the relationship established by these foreigners, both with their country of origin and the destination, the formation of social networks that offer support to newcomers and those already installed, the relations of sociability with locals and a new relationship of belonging with the space, since the possibility of coming and going from one country to the other, allows a (re)production of their original ?? social and economic life in the new space. The research methodology was based on the analysis of narrative interviews, in light of the theory of Schütze (1977) in order to understand the faces of this immigration. As theoretical support for the data analysis the theories of authors such as Norbert Elias, presentedin his work about the established and outsiders, Pierre Bourdieu, and his concept of habitus, distinction and style of life, Georg Simmel, and his study of life in the metropolis, his analysis of the foreigner and his theory of sociability, among others. This study attempted to give visibility to foreigners living in Natal, who experience the dynamics of the district of Ponta Negra and reconstruct their daily relations of sociability in this space. In fact, the presence of foreigners in this urban context allows for the construction of new configurations, both in terms of the physical space of the neighborhood, which has been modified by the touristification process and the real estate market, which is molded to meet this demand, but also in their social sphere, with regard to the relations established between foreign residents and locals. In seeking to characterize these migratory experiences it could be understood that the trajectories of each foreigner is part of a broader social structure, which cannot be evaluated neither disconnected from the contexts in which they operate, nor under a single point of view

Revelando os modos de vida da Ponta do Tubarão

It is analyzed the social struggle held by locals at Barreiras, Diogo Lopes and Sertãozinho communities (Macau-RN) in order to avoid the ownership of its mangrove area to hotel managers, in 1995 and to hinder the destruction of Ilha dos Cavalos mangrove by the shrimp producers, in 2000, what led to the creation of Ponta do Tubarão Reserve of State Sustainable Development, located at Macau and Guamaré cities, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, respectively 180 and 200 kilometers away from Natal, created in July, 18, 2003 by the Decree State Law n. 8.349, to preserve its traditional territory and way of life. It is photographed and analyzed the developed ways of life in this Unit of Conservation, from the sociocultural category, based in pointers of the material production in the life ways as: the work, the leisure, the religion, the popular knowledge and the action of the contemporary men on the environment. In this perspective, it is considered as method strategy a sociocultural photo cartography, created to this research, and to be concretized used photographic documents, observation, interviews, documental research and bibliographic research, being an association of techniques as peculiarities of this strategy of research. It is concluded that the social struggle developed by the collective actors at Ponta do Tubarão Reserve of State Sustainable Development, is characterized as a transforming action against the global and predatory capital, for the maintenance of the environment and the traditional way of life; One also concludes that the sociocultural photo cartography is very important as a proposal of possible procedures to being used in qualitative researches, because of its analytical potentialities providing a more including vision of the sociocultural routine of the studied space, in the attempt to know and to disclose the relations lived for the citizens of the research in Social Sciences

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e no crescimento inicial da cultura do arroz

The present research had he objective to evaluate rice response to zinc application forms on the nutrition, growth and dry matter production, in vase conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (leaf Zn, incorporated Zn, located Zn, Zn saw seed and witness - whitout zinc), in four repetitions during two cycles of cultivation with 42 days of duration each. Plastic vase of 7L, were filled with Red Distrofic Latosol (Zn = 0.3 mg dm(-3) in DTPA). The application of Zn saw soil in both culture of the rice improved its level in the soil, being distinguished it from located form. In the first cycle, the application of Zn saw leaf promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the rice plants, while in the second cycle leaf application was followed by the saw soil incorporated. The biggest dry matter production occurred with application of leaf saw in the first cycle and saw soil (incorporated and located) in the second rice cultivation.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca do milho BRS 1001

The culture of the maize is responsive the fertilization with zinc, however, its efficiency can be affected by the method of aplication. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the effect of the methods of zinc application in the nutritional state and the initial growth of the culture of the maize. The experiment was in a completely randomized design, with five treatments in four repetitions. The experimental unit was composed for a pot (7 L) filled with a distrofic Red Latosol, clayey texture, with four plants of maize. The treatments had been constituted by four ways of zinc application: in the soil incorporated (3 mg Zn dm(-3)), and located (1 mg Zn dm(-3)); foliar (solution of 23 mg Zn L(-1)); e in seed (40 g Zn kg(-1) of seed) and beyond the witness (control). The treatments had been applied during two cultivation of 42 days, except the Zn incorporated in the soil. In the end of each culture, the cut of the plants for the evaluation of the growth variable (leaf height, number, the diameter of stems and dry matter) and the determination of the zinc text was carried through in the soil and the aerial part. The zinc application promoted increment in the height and the production of matter of the maize. The zinc application soil (incorporated and located), foliar and seed had been similar in the initial development of the culture, however, the foliar way promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the plant.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutricão e na produção de massa seca de plantas de trigo

Zinc application methods can affect the nutrition and the initial development of the wheat. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the different ways of Zn application in the soil, on nutrition and on dry matter production. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. The experiment was composed by the following Zn application treatments: control (no zinc application); soil incorporation, furrow located, seeds treatment and leaf pulverization. The experimental unit was composed of a pot filled with 7 L of soil. Morphological traits for each plant were determined on 52 days after emergence by the evaluations of plant height, internodes number, tillers number and aerial part dry matter. Still, the soil and plant chemical analysis was accomplished. The furrow located method provided larger concentrations of the micronutrient available. The zinc application methods did not influence the initial growth of the wheat plants. The zinc concentration in leaves was influenced by the different application methods, being the leaf pulverization the one that was caused the largest zinc accumulation on aerial part dry matter.

Efeito de modos e épocas de aplicação de gesso e calcário sobre a cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Carioca-80

Instalou-se sobre um latossolo vermelho-escuro textura média, um experimento cujo objetivo foi avaliar a influência de modos e épocas de aplicação de gesso e de calcário sobre algumas características nutricionais e tecnológicas da cultura do feijoeiro irrigado. Utilizou-se no experimento o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4x3)+2 com quatro repetições, correspondendo a 4 modos de aplicação de gesso e/ou calcário, 3 doses de gesso e 2 tratamentos adicionais. Os resultados mostraram que: o uso do gesso proporcionou maiores teores de Ca nos grãos e consequentemente maior tempo para o seu cozimento. A associação gesso e calcário propiciou aumento no teor de S das folhas e também no peso de 100 grãos, quando comparado à utilização de apenas gesso. A relação de hidratação diminuiu com o aumento das doses de gesso quando utilizou-se os modos de aplicação M1 (gesso aplicado no solo 45 dias antes da semeadura) e M2 (gesso e calcário aplicados conjuntamente aos 45 dias antes da semeadura).

Análise dos Modos Ressonantes em Antenas de Microfita sobre Substratos Iso/Anisotrópicos por Técnicas da Ressonância Transversa

Neste trabalho, são utilizadas a Técnica da Ressonância Transversa (TRT) e a Técnica da Ressonância Transversa Modificada (MTRT), para a determinação das freqüências dos modos ressonantes de antenas de microfita com patch quadrado, retangular e circular e com substratos isotrópicos e anisotrópicos. Para isso, é proposto um modelo da cavidade equivalente, onde a antena tipo patch retangular é representada como sendo a superposição de duas linhas infinitas em microfita, uma de largura W, representando a dimensão que expressa a largura do patch, e a outra com largura L, representando a dimensão que expressa o comprimento do patch. A avaliação da eficiência e aplicabilidade dos métodos citados é realizada comparando-se com resultados experimentais e obtidos através de outras técnicas. Três situações serão verificadas: estruturas com substrato infinito, estrutura com substrato tipo pedestal e estruturas com substrato truncado além dos limites da fita metálica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as técnicas de análise de onda completa utilizadas neste trabalho, por um formalismo matemático mais rigoroso, são eficientes e precisas tanto na aplicação em estruturas com substrato isotrópico como nas que possuem substrato anisotrópico. Inicialmente são consideradas apenas as estruturas com substratos isotrópicos, com diferentes constantes dielétricas, e é avaliada a influência da largura do substrato sobre as freqüências dos modos ressonantes das antenas. Posteriormente, a análise do truncamento do dielétrico é realizada para estruturas com substrato anisotrópico. Em todos os casos, os resultados experimentais, obtidos a partir da construção de protótipos, são confrontados com os obtidos a partir de simulação, utilizando as técnicas TRT e MTRT. No final, as técnicas descritas são utilizadas para antenas tipo patch circular, sendo utilizada uma técnica de equivalência para transformar a antena circular em outra quadrada ou retangular equivalente, dependendo do modo que se queira encontrar. Os resultados obtidos são então analisados, observando-se uma boa concordância e indicando a viabilidade do método. Após isso, são apresentadas as conclusões e sugeridos alguns temas para a continuidade deste trabalho