STOWING AWAY ON SHIPS THAT PASS IN THE NIGHT: SCLEROBIONT ASSEMBLAGES ON INDIVIDUALLY DATED BIVALVE AND BRACHIOPOD SHELLS FROM A SUBTROPICAL SHELF

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Using phenology to assess urban heat islands in tropical and temperate regions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

STORAGE OF Handroanthus umbellatus SEEDS

Seed storage under controlled environmental conditions represents one of the most important lines of research to be applied on short-lived forest species as Handroanthus. The present research aimed to identify the most suitable seed storage conditions and longevity behavior of Handroanthus umbellatus seeds subject to the following storage treatments: packaging permeable paper bags under a no-controlled laboratory temperature and humidity (control) and multiwall semipermeable bag at temperatures of -18 degrees C ,1 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Seeds were dried to 6.3% of water content. Stored seeds were evaluated every three months until 24 months for water content, germination percentage and vigor utilizing first counting test. Seeds of T. umbellata are orthodox, with low longevity under natural conditions, once they remain viable for less than 5 months. The best conditions of seed preservation of these species were obtained by storage at -18 degrees C in multiwall bags. Under these conditions physiological seed quality remains unchanged for a 24-month period.

Fidelidade composicional de assembléias de braquiópodes (Rhynconelliformea) na plataforma e talude continental: implicações paleontológicas e geológicas

This paper deals with the Compositional Fidelity of the brachiopods assemblages, dominated by Bouchardia rosea, on the outer shelf and continental slope along São Paulo State. Samples were obtained during the Revizee-Score-Sul-Benthos program. The sampled stations are in sites as depth as 90 to 600 meters, along the outer continental shelf, the shelf break and the top of continental slope. The fidelity estimates were obtained directly from the comparisons between living biota and dead shells, from the same collecting stations. Data come from 66 sampling stations, and the vast majority of the Bouchardia rosea individuals collected (n=2393) were dead (n = 2342, 97.9%). Only 51 individuals were collected alive. When pooling the data from all collecting stations the dead/live frequency is of 2,1% only. The occurrences of Bouchardia rosea shells in siliciclastic bottoms are reduced and living individuals were not found on this type of bottom, at least during the sampling program. These results suggest low compositional fidelity (live-dead) or high compositional mismatch, pointing to a recent decrease in this specie population. The low compositional fidelity of the Bouchardia rosea assemblages in outer shelf sites may be due to changes in seawater temperature, nutrient availability and population history. All these issues must be investigated in the near future

Efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina no crescimento de plantas jovens de ipê roxo

O ipê roxo é uma árvore de grande importância comercial e farmacológica, além de possuir grande beleza e, por esse motivo, ser muito utilizado em paisagismo. Apesar da existência de diferentes fungicidas no mercado, o uso das estrobilurinas, como a piraclostrobina, tem aumentado significativamente pelo seu efeito fisiológico, que altera o metabolismo da planta, acelerando o desenvolvimento da planta. Assim, neste trabalho analisou-se o crescimento de plantas jovens de Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb em função da aplicação de piraclostrobina em diferentes concentrações. Os tratamentos foram realizados em intervalos de 30 dias com as seguintes concentrações do fungicida: piraclostrobina 0,375g L-1, piraclostronina 0,750g L-1 e piraclostrobina 1,125g L-1 e a testemunha. Foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, massa seca das folhas, caule e raízes, bem como a avaliação de trocas gasosas e atividade enzimática. As plantas tratadas com piraclostrobina apresentaram incremento na massa seca, massa fresca e na taxa fotossintética na maioria dos tratamentos avaliados

Insecticidal Effect of Extracts from Native Plants of Mato Grosso do Sul State on Sitophilus zeamais Mots (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Plantas medicinais do SUS: espécies comuns da região de Bauru-SP

This work deals with present and discuss mainly the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of each species of the National List of Medicinal plants of interest to SUS (RENISUS) contained in scientific articles that are found in the Bauru-SP region. Such information compiled in this study may help in the advancement of scientific research, promoting the speed in bibliographic queries these species. In the present work was carried out consultation papers and described in the form of literature review, published information of the species listed in Renisus specific to the Bauru-SP region are: Aloe spp* (A. vera or A. barbadensis), Schinus terebinthifolius = mastic Schinus, trimera Baccharis, Mikania spp* (M. glomerata and M. laevigata), Vernonia condensata, Tabebuia avellanedeae, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus spp* (P. amarus, P. niruri, P. tenellus and P. urinaria), Stryphnodendron adstringens = Stryphnodendron barbatimam, pulegium Mentha, Mentha spp* (M. crispa, M. piperita or M. villosa), Plectranthus barbatus = Coleus barbatus, Persea spp* (gratissima or P. americana P.), Bauhinia spp* (B. affinis, B. forficata or B. variegata), Copaifera spp*, Morus sp*, Eugenia uniflora or brasiliana Myrtus*, Psidium guajava, Syzygium spp* (S. jambolanum or S. cumini), Passiflora spp* (P. alata, P. edulis or P. incarnata), Punica granatum and Casearia sylvestris. Studies have shown that the use of plants as alternatives treatment and sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity has a breakthrough in research regarding the chemical composition of each species of RENISUS relationship. Many phytochemical studies are reported compiled with possible pharmacological indications of each species. Thus enabling the use and production of herbal medicines in SUS

Viabilidade de sementes de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos armazenadas nos frutos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Armazenamento de sementes germinadas de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos e seu comportamento em viveiro

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Taxonomia e potencial antimicrobiano de fungos depositados no acervo de pesquisa da Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influence of moisture content in some mechanical properties of two brazilian tropical wood species

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

Sponges as substrata and early life history of the tubulariid Zyzzyzus warreni (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil

The hydroid Zyzzyzus warreni is usually found in shallow coastal waters forming aggregations of solitary polyps embedded in demosponges. Early life history transformations and settlement responses by the actinulae of this hydroid were studied in the laboratory using 13 species of sponges and 2 species of algae collected in the Sao Sebastiao Channel (Brazil) as substrata. The absence of oral tentacles and mouth in the actinulae and early events of metamorphosis suggest that these larvae are unable to spend long periods in the plankton and attach quickly near conspecifics when a preferred substratum is encountered. The time required for settlement and the number of elicited settlings indicated four settlement responses: (a) frequent and short-time settlement, in actinulae exposed to Halichondria cebimarensis, Mycale angulosa, M. aff. americana, M. laxissima (skeleton) and Tedania ignis; (b) moderate and delayed settlement, in actinulae exposed to Aplysina caissara, A. fulva, Haliclona melana and M. microsigmatosa; (c) no settlement, in actinulae exposed to Suberites aurantiacus and to the algae Hypnea musciformis and Sargassum cymosum; and (d) lethal response, in actinulae exposed to Amphimedon viridis, Aplysilla rosea, Dragmacidon reticulatum and M. laxissima. These responses indicate a considerable degree of species discrimination by the actinulae and are consistent with substrata used by the hydroid in the natural environment.

Parasites in the neighbourhood: Interactions of the mistletoe Phoradendron affine (Viscaceae) with its dispersers and hosts in urban areas of Brazil

Mistletoes constitute an important food resource for animals in many ecosystems. However, these plants are considered pests in urban areas because of deleterious effects they have on the host trees. Studies in urban areas were mostly focused on listing host species or procedures to control the "pest". In this sense, broader studies including several aspects of mistletoes ecology in urban ecosystems are still missing. We studied the interaction of the mistletoe, Phoradendron affine, with its dispersers and hosts in two urban sites in Uberlandia, Brazil. Phoradendron affine fruits were consumed almost exclusively by Euphonia chlorotica, which was crucial for seed germination. Parasitism was recorded in five hosts, two native (Handroanthus chrysotrichus and Tabebuia roseoalba) and three exotic species (Spathodea campanulata, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach). Mistletoes were found parasitizing larger host trees, a trend commonly reported for mistletoe-host interaction. Mistletoe seed germination was not affected by the trees species, whether host or non-host, but the radicle of germinated seeds could not penetrate the bark and seedlings invariably died in non-host species. We found a high prevalence of parasitism in our study, in comparison to what previous studies reported for natural areas. The spatial distribution of the hosts and high light incidence on isolated host trees may lead to this high prevalence in urban areas. Rather than eradicated, mistletoes in urban areas should be ecologically managed and their importance for bird species conservation must be considered. More studies to determine which bird species are favoured by mistletoe presence in urban areas will be essential for, this purpose. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Possible Host Adaptation as an Evolution Factor of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus Deduced by Coat Protein Gene Analysis

Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) causes major diseases in cowpea and passion flower plants in Brazil and also in other countries. CABMV has also been isolated from leguminous species including, Cassia hoffmannseggii, Canavalia rosea, Crotalaria juncea and Arachis hypogaea in Brazil. The virus seems to be adapted to two distinct families, the Passifloraceae and Fabaceae. Aiming to identify CABMV and elucidate a possible host adaptation of this virus species, isolates from cowpea, passion flower and C.hoffmannseggii collected in the states of Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte were analysed by sequencing the complete coat protein genes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the obtained sequences and those available in public databases. Major Brazilian isolates from passion flower, independently of the geographical distances among them, were grouped in three different clusters. The possible host adaptation was also observed in fabaceous-infecting CABMV Brazilian isolates. These host adaptations possibly occurred independently within Brazil, so all these clusters belong to a bigger Brazilian cluster. Nevertheless, African passion flower or cowpea-infecting isolates formed totally different clusters. These results showed that host adaptation could be one factor for CABMV evolution, although geographical isolation is a stronger factor.

Conservação de sementes de ipê-roxo

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o comportamento fisiológico de sementes de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo) durante o amazenamento. Frutos colhidos manualmente de 15 plantas-matrizes foram colocados em ambiente sombreado para secagem complementar e posterior extração manual das sementes; primeiro, determinou-se o grau de umidade inicial das sementes (15,6%) e, em seguida, as sementes remanescentes foram submetidas a secagem para obtenção dos demais graus de umidade desejados (11,5, 8,0 e 4,3%). As amostras correspondentes aos diferentes graus de umidade foram armazenadas em câmaras, na temperaturas de 10, 20 e -196 °C. No início e após 120, 240 e 360 dias de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas a diversas avaliações fisiológicas. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com 4 tratamentos (grau de umidade) no início do armazenamento e 12 tratamentos (4 grau de umidade x 3 condições térmicas), em cada época de avaliação, durante o armazenamento. A comparação das médias foi realizada pelo Teste de Tukey a 5%. A conservação das sementes de ipê-roxo com teores de água de 15,6, 11,5, 8,1 e 4,3% é favorecida no armazenamento a 10 e -196 °C.