The extreme physical properties of the CoRoT-7b super-Earth

The search for rocky exoplanets plays an important role in our quest for extra-terrestrial life. Here, we discuss the extreme physical properties possible for the first characterised rocky super-Earth, CoRoT-7b (R(pl) = 1.58 +/- 0.10 R(Earth), M(pl) = 6.9 +/- 1.2 M(Earth)). It is extremely close to its star (a = 0.0171 AU = 4.48 R(st)), with its spin and orbital rotation likely synchronised. The comparison of its location in the (M(pl), R(pl)) plane with the predictions of planetary models for different compositions points to an Earth-like composition, even if the error bars of the measured quantities and the partial degeneracy of the models prevent a definitive conclusion. The proximity to its star provides an additional constraint on the model. It implies a high extreme-UV flux and particle wind, and the corresponding efficient erosion of the planetary atmosphere especially for volatile species including water. Consequently, we make the working hypothesis that the planet is rocky with no volatiles in its atmosphere, and derive the physical properties that result. As a consequence, the atmosphere is made of rocky vapours with a very low pressure (P <= 1.5 Pa), no cloud can be sustained, and no thermalisation of the planet is expected. The dayside is very hot (2474 +/- 71 K at the sub-stellar point) while the nightside is very cold (50-75 K). The sub-stellar point is as hot as the tungsten filament of an incandescent bulb, resulting in the melting and distillation of silicate rocks and the formation of a lava ocean. These possible features of CoRoT-7b could be common to many small and hot planets, including the recently discovered Kepler-10b. They define a new class of objects that we propose to name ""Lava-ocean planets"". (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DETECTABILITY AND ERROR ESTIMATION IN ORBITAL FITS OF RESONANT EXTRASOLAR PLANETS

We estimate the conditions for detectability of two planets in a 2/1 mean-motion resonance from radial velocity data, as a function of their masses, number of observations and the signal-to-noise ratio. Even for a data set of the order of 100 observations and standard deviations of the order of a few meters per second, we find that Jovian-size resonant planets are difficult to detect if the masses of the planets differ by a factor larger than similar to 4. This is consistent with the present population of real exosystems in the 2/1 commensurability, most of which have resonant pairs with similar minimum masses, and could indicate that many other resonant systems exist, but are currently beyond the detectability limit. Furthermore, we analyze the error distribution in masses and orbital elements of orbital fits from synthetic data sets for resonant planets in the 2/1 commensurability. For various mass ratios and number of data points we find that the eccentricity of the outer planet is systematically overestimated, although the inner planet`s eccentricity suffers a much smaller effect. If the initial conditions correspond to small-amplitude oscillations around stable apsidal corotation resonances, the amplitudes estimated from the orbital fits are biased toward larger amplitudes, in accordance to results found in real resonant extrasolar systems.

A onda do turismo na cidade do sol: a reconfiguração urbana de Natal

Space reading of Natal City and its reconfiguration from the intensification of tourist activity and the expansion of the services' sector, transiting, primarily, through the geography, the social sciences, the economy, in one main approach that is unaware of science's traditional limitations and recognizes the complexity that involves current world. In face of this agreement it analyzes the social-economic implications that remodel the spaces under the new economic view of services' sector, commanded by the tourism, in an intense process of city's reconfiguration, concentrating in three great axles and their irrigation ways. These changes were about the public-private relation (by the public politics) in the formation of new spaces and in the remodeling of the city's old areas, which, together, had contributed to the tourist activity's appropriation, returning it in a social-economic mosaic that owns obvious reflexes in its space. This fragmentation in the urbane cloth of Natal is expressed by social nature and economic points and, in the scenery, is manifested through the modern forms of city's space occupation by the local elites and services' sector, evidencing their status' district, as well as selecting those areas with bigger capacity to reply to the capital

Interação estrela planeta: sobre o magnetismo de planetas gigantes gasosos

In this thesis we analyze the effects that the presence of a near gas giant planet can cause in its host star. It has been argued that the star planet interaction can cause changes in the coronal and chromospheric stellar activity. With this in mind, we analyze a sample of 53 extrasolar planets orbiting F, G and K main sequence stars, among them three super-Earths. In this analysis, we look for evidence of changes in the chromospheric activity due to the proximity of the giant planet. We show that, so far, there is not enough evidence to support such a hypothesis. Making use of the same sample and also taking in account available data for the Solar System, we revisit the so-called magnetic Bode s law. This law proposes the existence of a direct relationship between magnetism and rotation. By using estimations for the stellar and planetary magnetic momentM and the angular momentumL, we construct a Blackett s diagram (logL 􀀀logM). In this diagram is evident that the magnetic Bode s law is valid for both the Solar System and the new planetary systems

Estudo sistemático de estrelas variáveis na era dos grandes surveys

The interest in the systematic analysis of astronomical time series data, as well as development in astronomical instrumentation and automation over the past two decades has given rise to several questions of how to analyze and synthesize the growing amount of data. These data have led to many discoveries in the areas of modern astronomy asteroseismology, exoplanets and stellar evolution. However, treatment methods and data analysis have failed to follow the development of the instruments themselves, although much effort has been done. In present thesis, we propose new methods of data analysis and two catalogs of the variable stars that allowed the study of rotational modulation and stellar variability. Were analyzed the photometric databases fromtwo distinctmissions: CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and WFCAM (Wide Field Camera). Furthermore the present work describes several methods for the analysis of photometric data besides propose and refine selection techniques of data using indices of variability. Preliminary results show that variability indices have an efficiency greater than the indices most often used in the literature. An efficient selection of variable stars is essential to improve the efficiency of all subsequent steps. Fromthese analyses were obtained two catalogs; first, fromtheWFCAMdatabase we achieve a catalog with 319 variable stars observed in the photometric bands Y ZJHK. These stars show periods ranging between ∼ 0, 2 to ∼ 560 days whose the variability signatures present RR-Lyrae, Cepheids , LPVs, cataclysmic variables, among many others. Second, from the CoRoT database we selected 4, 206 stars with typical signatures of rotationalmodulation, using a supervised process. These stars show periods ranging between ∼ 0, 33 to ∼ 92 days, amplitude variability between ∼ 0, 001 to ∼ 0, 5 mag, color index (J - H) between ∼ 0, 0 to ∼ 1, 4 mag and spectral type CoRoT FGKM. The WFCAM variable stars catalog is being used to compose a database of light curves to be used as template in an automatic classifier for variable stars observed by the project VVV (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy) moreover it are a fundamental start point to study different scientific cases. For example, a set of 12 young stars who are in a star formation region and the study of RR Lyrae-whose properties are not well established in the infrared. Based on CoRoT results we were able to show, for the first time, the rotational modulation evolution for an wide homogeneous sample of field stars. The results are inagreement with those expected by the stellar evolution theory. Furthermore, we identified 4 solar-type stars ( with color indices, spectral type, luminosity class and rotation period close to the Sun) besides 400 M-giant stars that we have a special interest to forthcoming studies. From the solar-type stars we can describe the future and past of the Sun while properties of M-stars are not well known. Our results allow concluded that there is a high dependence of the color-period diagram with the reddening in which increase the uncertainties of the age-period realized by previous works using CoRoT data. This thesis provides a large data-set for different scientific works, such as; magnetic activity, cataclysmic variables, brown dwarfs, RR-Lyrae, solar analogous, giant stars, among others. For instance, these data will allow us to study the relationship of magnetic activitywith stellar evolution. Besides these aspects, this thesis presents an improved classification for a significant number of stars in the CoRoT database and introduces a new set of tools that can be used to improve the entire process of the photometric databases analysis

Propriedades físicas de planetas extrasolares

ROTATION is one the most important aspects to be observed in stellar astrophysics. Here we investigate that particularly in stars with planets. This physical parameter supplies information about the distribution of angular momentum in the planetary system, as well as its role on the control of dierent phenomena, including coronal and cromospherical emission and on the ones due of tidal effects. In spite of the continuous solid advances made on the study of the characteristics and properties of planet host stars, the main features of their rotational behavior is are not well established yet. In this context, the present work brings an unprecedented study about the rotation and angular momentum of planet-harbouring stars, as well as the correlation between rotation and stellar and planetary physical properties. Our analysis is based on a sample of 232 extrasolar planets, orbiting 196 stars of dierent luminosity classes and spectral types. In addition to the study of their rotational behavior, the behavior of the physical properties of stars and their orbiting planets was also analyzed, including stellar mass and metallicity, as well as the planetary orbital parameters. As main results we can underline that the rotation of stars with planets present two clear features: stars with Tef lower than about 6000 K have slower rotations, while among stars with Tef > 6000 K we and moderate and fast rotations, though there are a few exceptions. We also show that stars with planets follow mostly the Krafts law, namely < J > / v rot. In this same idea we show that the rotation versus age relation of stars with planets follows, at least qualitatively, the Skumanich and Pace & Pasquini laws. The relation rotation versus orbital period also points for a very interesting result, with planet-harbouring stars with shorter orbital periods present rather enhanced rotation

Distribution of refractory and volatile elements in CoRoT exoplanet host stars

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dynamics of rotation of super-Earths

We numerically investigate the dynamics of rotation of several close-in terrestrial exoplanet candidates. In our model, the rotation of the planet is disturbed by the torque of the central star due to the asymmetric equilibrium figure of the planet. We model the shape of the planet by a Jeans spheroid. We use surfaces of section and spectral analysis to explore numerically the rotation phase space of the systems adopting different sets of parameters and initial conditions close to the main spin-orbit resonant states. One of the parameters, the orbital eccentricity, is critically discussed here within the domain of validity of orbital circularization timescales given by tidal models. We show that, depending on some parameters of the system like the radius and mass of the planet, eccentricity etc., the rotation can be strongly perturbed and a chaotic layer around the synchronous state may occupy a significant region of the phase space. 55 Cnc e is an example. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Corpos em cena: o fazer pedagógico na ginástica rítmica

O estudo em foco objetiva analisar a concepção de corpo dos professores de Educação Física que atuam com a Ginástica Rtmica (GR), identificando pontos de convergência e divergência entre o discurso e o fazer pedagógico. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram quatro docentes do sexo feminino e um docente do sexo masculino que desenvolvem suas ações pedagógicas com a GR em espaço escolar e extra- escolar. Como suporte teórico, optei em dialogar com as ideias de autores como Moreira (1995), Gaio (2007), Kunz (1994) entre outros, que discutem acerca de corpo, GR e prática pedagógica na Educação Física. A metodologia adotada envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica para efeito de consolidação do referencial teórico, e uma pesquisa de campo constituída de entrevista estruturada e observação. Para efeito de análise e coleta dos dados da entrevista fiz uso da Análise de Conteúdo: Técnica de Elaboração e Análise de Unidades de Significados elaborada por Moreira, Simões e Porto (2005). A observação teve como base a pesquisa descritiva como sugere Rampazzo (2005). Os resultados do estudo indicam que dois, dos cinco professores sujeitos dessa investigação ainda percebem o corpo de forma fragmentada e distante da realidade que o circunda, entendendo-o apenas como objeto para intervenção de técnicas, de táticas, etc. Três professores transitam em meio à concepção de corpo enquanto sujeito e também enquanto objeto, mas os primeiros apresentam apenas vestígios que se mostram muito tímidos. Apesar das convergências e divergências entre as idéias que têm de corpo, todos os cinco professores apresentam em sua prática pedagógica, sinais de que adotam uma concepção mecanicista. Esse trato se dá na medida em que os docentes deixam de considerar a realidade dos alunos na construção do planejamento de ensino, encarando-os como instrumento de transmissão e reprodução e não como sujeitos do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, a comunicação, no decorrer da ação pedagógica, é efetivada por meio da autoridade máxima dos professores que determinam e controlam todos os movimentos que devem ser realizados nas aulas, cerceando, sobremaneira, a criatividade, a criticidade e o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos alunos.

Revista Feminina (1915-1936): tensão entre tradição e modernidade

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

A educação como transgressão: nos horizontes da escolarização de hansenianos no Pará do século XX a (re) criação da experiência de si

A presente Tese que se insere no conjunto de pesquisas desenvolvidas pela Linha de Pesquisa Educação: Currículo, Epistemologia e História do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Pará, objetiva problematizar a experiência de escolarização de ex-Hansenianos, da antiga colônia de Marituba no Pará do século XX. Toma como corpus de estudo as narrativas de memórias de escolarização de cinco ex-Hansenianos, documentos e fontes históricas para analisar pela tríade poder-saber-sujeito, aquela experiência como transgressora. Os aportes teóricos da pesquisa partem das contribuições de autores que transitam pelo Pós-estruturalismo, especialmente o pensamento de Michel Foucault onde busca-se um diálogo sobre vidas paralelas, escolarização, subjetivação, transgressão e estetização. As análises da pesquisa apontam que a experiência de escolarização não apenas apresenta algumas especificidades quanto aos modos e ao contexto em que ela se efetivou, mas, também, quanto ao significado singular e existencial que adquiriu para os Hansenianos que inseriram a escola em suas vidas, e com isso abriram margens para processos transgressores tanto da experiência de si como no convívio coletivo social da colônia ao diminuir a força do dispositivo de subjetivação; possibilitam pensar que a Transgressão no campo da educação, assume um papel importante na Escolarização ao possibilitar a criação de passagens, fendas para novas configurações de sentidos, novos modos de existência, como espaço para o reconhecimento da multiplicidade do existir, da diferença na constituição de subjetividades resistentes, transgressoras, criadoras; revelam uma experiência singular de escolarização capaz de contribuir para reproblematizar saberes e práticas educativas ética e politicamente comprometidas com as diferenças e contribuir para resgatar certas imagens por vezes esquecidas, história menores, vidas de homens infames, vozes negadas, silenciadas em contextos de escolarização; finalmente apontam para a perspectiva de uma docência ética e esteticamente orientada, capaz de atos de criação e transgressão.

Leituras dos territórios paradigmáticos da Geografia Agrária: análise dos grupos de pesquisa do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Dinâmica de rotação de exoplanetas tipo terrestre com perturbação de terceiro corpo

In this work we study some topics of Celestial Mechanics, namely the problem of rigid body rotation and “spin-orbit” resonances. Emphasis is placed on the problem formulation and applications to some exoplanets with physical parameters (e.g. mass and radius) compatible with a terrestrial type constitution (e.g. rock) belonging to multiple planetary systems. The approach is both analytical and numerical. The analytical part consists of: i) the deduction of the equation of motion for the rotation problem of a spherical body with no symmetry, disturbed by a central body; ii) modeling the same problem by including a third-body in the planet-star system; iii) formulation of the concept of “spin-orbit” resonance in which the orbital period of the planet is an integer multiple of the rotation’s period. Topics of dynamical systems (e.g. equilibrium points, chaos, surface sections, etc.) will be included at this stage. In the numerical part simulations are performed with numerical models developed in the previous analytical section. As a first step we consider the orbit of the planet not perturbed by a third-body in the star-planet system. In this case the eccentricity and orbital semi-major axis of the planet are constants. Here the technique of surface sections, widely used in dynamical systems are applied. Next, we consider the action of a third body, developing a more realistic model for planetary rotation. The results in both cases are compared. Since the technique of disturbed surface sections is no longer applicable, we quantitatively evaluate the evolution of the characteristic angles of rotation (e.g. physical libration) by studying the evolution of individual orbits in the dynamically important regions of phase space, the latter obtained in the undisturbed case

Características narrativas de vídeos jornalísticos na televisão e na internet

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Da Dança Armorial ao corpo motriz: em busca do corpo brincante

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA