Cuerpo y palabra en el abordaje psicoterapéutico de niños con dificultades severas de simbolización: terapia psicomotriz con intervenciones psicoanalíticas

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo fundamentar teóricamente desde el psicoanálisis y desde la experiencia clínica, el beneficio de un abordaje psicoterapéutico cuyo setting provea condiciones físicas y técnicas para el trabajo a partir del cuerpo y de los aspectos sensoriomotrices. Se dirige a niños con dificultades severas de simbolización: recursos muy precarios a nivel del lenguaje oral y el juego simbólico, que afecta sus posibilidades de comunicación social. El abordaje psicoterapéutico propuesto se basa en la idea de que para favorecer los procesos de simbolización el tratamiento debe seguir un trayecto del cuerpo al lenguaje. Consiste en el trabajo conjunto de un psicomotricista con un psicoanalista, creando un campo terapéutico común, aunando los recursos de ambas formas de tratamiento. La denominación de «Terapia Psicomotriz con Intervenciones Psicoanalíticas» da cuenta de que la técnica y el setting de la psicomotricidad (espacio, materiales, diálogo corporal) son esenciales, pero al mismo tiempo, con un posicionamiento clínico y una modalidad de intervención psicoanalíticos, donde el vínculo transferencial es fundamental. Otros objetivos son: (2) promover la reflexión sobre la necesidad de una inclusión mayor del trabajo con cuerpo en los abordajes psicoterapéuticos del niño, en proporción al grado en que sus procesos de simbolización están comprometidos, (3) investigar modalidades de interacción en el vínculo temprano en todos sus niveles y los procesos de simbolización que se generan en ellas (4) mostrar los beneficios de la interdisciplina, tanto teórica como clínica...

Consideraciones alrededor de la Danza-movimiento Terapia y sus aplicaciones en el ámbito social

El artículo presenta aspectos generales sobre la Danza Movimiento Terapia (DMT). Aborda sus orígenes históricos y su evolución en las últimas décadas. La DMT es un modelo de intervención psicoterapéutica, que comparte numerosos elementos con otras terapias creativas, y cuya singularidad se encuentra en la consideración de las manifestaciones no verbales y el movimiento creativo dentro de un proceso terapéutico. Se hace hincapié en su aspecto multidisciplinar y en su creciente aplicación en entornos sociales y educativos como un modo de promover y potenciar la salud. Finalmente, se presenta brevemente la situación actual de la profesión en España enmarcada en el contexto europeo.

Significado de calidad de vida en pacientes con terapia de hemodiálisis: un estudio fenomenológico

La calidad de vida es uno de los aspectos importantes a abordar en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Comprender el significado de calidad de vida para personas que son sometidas a tratamiento de sustitución renal con hemodiálisis. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 12 personas en hemodiálisis. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas textualmente. El análisis se realizó de acuerdo a Streubert, se resguardaron criterios de rigor y se contó con la aprobación del Comité científico de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Andrés Bello. Resultados: Calidad de vida fue descrita a través de tres categorías comprensivas: Salud, Familia y Actividades de la vida diaria, que involucra ámbitos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Los participantes significan la calidad de vida cómo Seguir viviendo, ya que producto de la terapia pueden continuar con su vida. Conclusiones: Comprender lo que significa calidad de vida permite ampliar la mirada, fortalecer el vínculo con la familia y considerar lo crucial de esta terapia en la vida de las personas en hemodiálisis. Se sugiere fortalecer la relación enfermera-paciente con el fin de otorgar cuidados seguros y de calidad a los usuarios y sus familias.

Terapia cognitiva comportamental em grupo na rotina do atendimento psiquiátrico em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Município de Porto Alegre - RS

Os transtornos mentais são doenças de cunho psicológico e algum comprometimento funcional resultante de disfunção biológica, social e genética. Há uma prevalência alarmante de transtornos mentais na população brasileira, segundo revisão sistemática realizada em 2010. A atenção primária à saúde (APS) é vista como a porta de entrada do cidadão no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e, sendo assim, utiliza algumas estratégias para sua organização, colocando a Saúde da Família como uma das principais e mais importantes, considerada como contato preferencial dos cidadãos com esse Sistema. Dentro dos aspectos de abordagem e terapia na Psiquiatria, as terapias cognitivocomportamentais em grupo (TCCG) vem se estabelecendo como proposta promissora para o tratamento de vários transtornos psiquiátricos e derivam diretamente das terapias cognitivas-comportamentais (TCCs) individuais. O trabalho teve como objetivo propor a implantação de uma terapia cognitiva comportamental em grupo baseada no guia de gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM) para pacientes e familiares convivendo com doenças psiquiátricas e atendidos por uma Unidade de Saúde da Família no município de Porto Alegre - RS. Ao final dessa intervenção espera-se aumentar o vínculo entre os pacientes e os profissionais de saúde da unidade, tornando o grupo um ambiente de confiança para troca de experiências, além de entender a doença e seus efeitos em cada paciente.

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Anemia Of Chronic Renal Failure Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2014.

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Espectroscopia optogalvânica: alguns aspectos relevantes

In this work we present the optogalvanic effect in ionized gases in an historical perspective. This effect was observed for the first time by Foote and Mohler in 1925, and explained by Penning in 1928 for mixtures (Ne-Ar) and pure gases (or vapours) in 1937. Also, we show some aspects of the contributions of Romenian authors for the development of optogalvanic spectroscopy, which was used as a new technique only after 1964.

A síntese da amônia: alguns aspectos históricos

The ammonia synthesis from its elements plays an important role in the survival of humankind. A short historical development of discoveries of the nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen sources for agriculture and the ammonia synthesis (in laboratory and industry) are presented. Some brief aspects of nitrogen chemistry are described. Short biographies of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the main persons in this epopee, are also presented.

Cromatografia de afinidade por íons metálicos imobilizados (IMAC) de biomoléculas: aspectos fundamentais e aplicações tecnológicas

Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Cromatography - IMAC - is a group-specific based adsorption applied to the purification and structure-function studies of proteins and nucleic acids. The adsorption is based on coordination between a metal ion chelated on the surface of a solid matrix and electron donor groups at the surface of the biomolecule. IMAC is a highly selective, low cost, and easily scaled-up technique being used in research and commercial operations. A separation process can be designed for a specific molecule by just selecting an appropriate metal ion, chelating agent, and operational conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and buffer type.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Flora e aspectos auto-ecológicos de um encrave de cerrado na chapada do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

This study subject to investigate the floristic composition and richness, the reproductive phenological patterns, the dispersal syndromes and life forms of species of a disjunt cerrado in semiarid climate at Araripe plateau during a one year period. We found 107 species and 41 families. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malpighiaceae showed the largest number of species. For 47 of the woody species found, we studied the geographical distribution based on 27 papers of the Brazilian cerrados. Twelve species are of widespread occurence in the cerrado, and 13 are restricted to the Araripe plateau. Zoocory, autocory, and anemocory are the predominant syndromes of dispersal. The predominant life forms were phanerophytes (50.7%), hemicriptophytes (14.9%) and camephytes (13.1%). The cerrado of Araripe have lower species richness than continous cerrados, but a similar pattern of reproductive phenology, dispersal syndromes and life forms in more humid zones.

Aspectos ultra-estruturais dos canais secretores em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Anacardiaceae

The study assessed phloem canal development and ultra-structure in shoot apices of Spondias dulcis G. Forst., phloematic canal ultra-structure in shoot apices of Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and floral canal ultra-structure and development and fruit canal ultra-structure of the latter specie. The flower and fruit canals of Anacardium humile St.Hil. were also studied ultra-structurally. The canals in shoot apices of S. dulcis show schizo-lysigenous formation and the floral canals of T. guianensis show schizogenous development. Epithelial cells of S. dulcis and T. guianensis canals have rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, elongated plastids of several shapes with osmiophilic inclusions and dictyosomes with production of vesicles. Such organelles participate in the secretion of a heterogeneous exudate, which is comprised of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. The epithelial cells of the fruit of A. humile present elongated plastids with circular membrane system, which are involved in the synthesis of lipophilic substances. The results of the ultra-structural analyses of the epithelial cells corroborate the results previously obtained in a histochemical study. In the histochemical study, lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were identified in the canals of T. guinanensis and S. dulcis and only lipophilic substances were identified in the canals of A. humile. Based on the ultrastructural aspects of the secretory canals of T. guianensis and S. dulcis we concluded that the plastids of the epithelial cells of the two species are different although they produce secretion of similar composition. A new record for the family is the presence of a great number of circular plastids in epithelial cells of the fruit of Anacardium humile. The pattern found in the secretory canals of the studied species is the ecrine type of secretion release.

Formação de professores: aspectos históricos e teóricos do problema no contexto brasileiro

This article deals with the theme of teacher training from the historical and theoretical perspectives. In the first part, the historical focus is introduced and the trajectory of teacher training in Brazil is examined, dividing it into six periods beginning with the passing of the Law of Schools of First Letters in 1827 and closing with the promulgation of the new law for national education in 1996. The second part deals with theoretical aspects, considering the two basic models of teacher training, their implications for the training of teachers of primary and pre-school education, the dilemma resulting from the contraposition between the two models and the way for overcoming it and concluding with observations on the training of teachers for special education.

Fatores associados à maior mortalidade e tempo de internação prolongado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos

OBJECTIVE: The intensive care unit is synonymous of high severity, and its mortality rates are between 5.4 and 33%. With the development of new technologies, a patient can be maintained for long time in the unit, causing high costs, psychological and moral for all involved. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for mortality and prolonged length of stay in an adult intensive care unit. METHODS: The study included all patients consecutively admitted to the adult medical/surgical intensive care unit of Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, for six months. We collected data such as sex, age, diagnosis, personal history, APACHE II score, days of invasive mechanical ventilation orotracheal reintubation, tracheostomy, days of hospitalization in the intensive care unit and discharge or death in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Were included in the study 401 patients; 59.6% men and 40.4% women, age 53.8±18.0. The mean intensive care unit stay was 8.2±10.8 days, with a mortality rate of 13.5%. Significant data for mortality and prolonged length of stay in intensive care unit (p <0.0001), were: APACHE II>11, OT-Re and tracheostomy. CONCLUSION: The mortality and prolonged length of stay in intensive care unit intensive care unit as risk factors were: APACHE>11, orotracheal reintubation and tracheostomy.

Aspectos médicos e sociais no atendimento oftalmológico de urgência

Purpose: A survey was carried out on one hundred patients of the Emergency Service of the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), in order to analyze the personal characteristics and the barriers against getting resolving ophthalmologic assistance. Variables, were the following: sex, age, home town, average distance between the place of initial symptoms and first visit to the hospital, time spent between the first examination (if performed in any other service) and the examination performed at the Hospital das Clinicas of University of Campinas, diagnosis, veracity of emergency, need to refer patients previously seen in other services to our Service and possibility of assistance and treatment at a secondary level. Methods: The sample showed the following characteristics: distances between 20 and 100 kilometers covered by 50.0% of the patients to be seen at University of Campinas. 75.0% of those patients needed someone to stay with them and 67.0% came from other municipalities. The long distances covered meant additional expenses for the treatment of diseases which should be treated locally. Results: Among the patients referred to University of Campinas by ophthalmologists of other services, 87.5% could have their diseases treated at a secondary level of assistance and 66.7% of real emergencies and 60% of false emergencies took longer than 7 days to reach the emergency room of University of Campinas. This shows the poor infrastructure of secondary services regarding excellence of emergency care and education of patients. Conclusions: We recommend education of general physicians and ophthalmologists for emergency eye care and also the supply of both secondary and tertiary public services or medicare, strategically setup in the whole state of Sao Paulo.

Terapia oclusiva em ambliopia: fatores prognósticos

Purpose: Amblyopia is the most common form of visual problem in children and for more than 250 years occlusion therapy is the standard treatment. Thus our purpose is to identify the factors that influence the outcome of amblyopia treatment with occlusion therapy. Methods: We reviewed 169 amblyopic children seen in the outpatient clinic of amblyopia of the Campinas State University, between January 1996 and May 1998. Patients were analyzed regar-ding sex, age at start of treatment (3 groups), affected eye, type of amblyopia (strabismic, anisometropic, visual depri-vation, associated), follow-up, initial visual acuity (light, moderate, severe), compliance with treatment (good, poor) and outcome (fully treated, partially treated, not treated). Results: Compliance was not seen to be significantly related to age at start of treatment (p=0.68) or initial visual acuity (p=0.82). 52.67% of the patients were fully treated while 19.52% were partially treated and 27.81% were not treated. Children recorded as showing good compliance had a significantly better outcome than those with poor complian-ce (p=0.0009). Neither the age at start of treatment (p=0.39) nor the initial visual acuity (p=0.30) were significantly corre-lated with the final outcome. Conclusions: We concluded that the main factor affecting the final outcome of amblyopia treatment is compliance.