Estrategias y recursos de comicidad en dos series animadas para adultos: Family Guy y El Siguiente programa

Tesis de Comunicaci?n Social-Periodismo

DETERMINACIÓN DE MODELOS PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE SEÑALES Y EL PRONÓSTICO DE LAS SERIES TRIMESTRALES DE LA OFERTA Y DEMANDA GLOBALES

El objetivo de este estudio es modelar las series trimestrales de los componentes de la oferta y demanda globales de Costa Rica, mediante el empleo de métodos ARIMA, a fin de extraer los componentes de tendencia-ciclo, estacional e irregular que conforman dichas series con el propósito de evaluar la evolución del sector real en el corto plazo y realizar pronósticos.Para ello se utilizan las series trimestrales recientemente estimadas de los componentes de oferta y demanda globales basadas en las series anuales compiladas utilizando el año 1991 como periodo de referencia a precios constantes. El periodo de análisis abarca del primer trimestre de 1991 al cuarto trimestre del 2000. Se analizaron un total de treinta y cinco variables.Para obtener los resultados, se hizo uso del paquete computacional TRAMO/SEATS, en su versión para Windows, lo que constituye una primera aplicación de esta herramienta en el Banco Central de Costa Rica. Se emplea este instrumento puesto que se basa en modelos y no en métodos empíricos, lo que permite realizar inferencia estadística de las estimaciones de los modelos ajustados para cada componente. Adicionalmente, se aplicó el método de desestacionalización directo e indirecto a algunas variables.Como conclusiones generales se señalan que el software TRAMO/SEATS constituye una herramienta poderosa, flexible y de fácil uso en el análisis de series de tiempo. En general, este paquete permitió discriminar entre modelos y descomposiciones alternativas. Además, se observó una descomposición final adecuada para cada variable. Sin embargo, falta darle una explicación económica a las series desestacionalizadas. Finalmente, los resultados del ajuste estacional indican que el método indirecto fue significativo en el caso de dos variables (agricultura e industria).

Raman spectroscopy of decrespignyite (Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5•2(H2O) and in relation with other halogenated carbonates including bastnasite, hydroxybastnasite, parisite and northupite

Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the rare earth based mineral decrespignyite (Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5•2(H2O) and compared with the Raman spectra of a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The Raman spectrum of decrespignyite displays three bands are at 1056, 1070 and 1088 cm-1 attributed to the CO32- symmetric stretching vibration. The observation of three symmetric stretching vibrations is very unusual. The position of CO32- symmetric stretching vibration varies with mineral composition. Raman bands of decrespignyite show bands at 1391, 1414, 1489 and 1547 cm-1. Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show a single band at 1433, 1420 and 1554 cm-1 assigned to the ν3 (CO3)2- antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the ν3 modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. Four Raman bands are observed at 791, 815, 837 and 849 cm-1and assigned to the (CO3)2- ν2 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for decrespignyite at 694, 718 and 746 cm-1 and are assigned to the (CO3)2- ν4 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for the carbonate ν4 in phase bending modes at 722 cm-1 for bastnasite, 736 and 684 cm-1 for parisite, 714 cm-1 for northupite. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for decrespignyite, bastnasite and parisite indicating the presence of water and OH units in the mineral structure.

One-year delayed effect of fog on malaria transmission : a time-series analysis in the rain forest area of Mengla County, south-west China

Background: Malaria is a major public health burden in the tropics with the potential to significantly increase in response to climate change. Analyses of data from the recent past can elucidate how short-term variations in weather factors affect malaria transmission. This study explored the impact of climate variability on the transmission of malaria in the tropical rain forest area of Mengla County, south-west China. Methods: Ecological time-series analysis was performed on data collected between 1971 and 1999. Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used to evaluate the relationship between weather factors and malaria incidence. Results: At the time scale of months, the predictors for malaria incidence included: minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and fog day frequency. The effect of minimum temperature on malaria incidence was greater in the cool months than in the hot months. The fog day frequency in October had a positive effect on malaria incidence in May of the following year. At the time scale of years, the annual fog day frequency was the only weather predictor of the annual incidence of malaria. Conclusion: Fog day frequency was for the first time found to be a predictor of malaria incidence in a rain forest area. The one-year delayed effect of fog on malaria transmission may involve providing water input and maintaining aquatic breeding sites for mosquitoes in vulnerable times when there is little rainfall in the 6-month dry seasons. These findings should be considered in the prediction of future patterns of malaria for similar tropical rain forest areas worldwide.

Optimal designs for evaluating a series of treatments

Several articles in this journal have studied optimal designs for testing a series of treatments to identify promising ones for further study. These designs formulate testing as an ongoing process until a promising treatment is identified. This formulation is considered to be more realistic but substantially increases the computational complexity. In this article, we show that these new designs, which control the error rates for a series of treatments, can be reformulated as conventional designs that control the error rates for each individual treatment. This reformulation leads to a more meaningful interpretation of the error rates and hence easier specification of the error rates in practice. The reformulation also allows us to use conventional designs from published tables or standard computer programs to design trials for a series of treatments. We illustrate these using a study in soft tissue sarcoma.

An investigation of structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of R2NiMnO6 (R = rare earth, Y)

We have investigated the structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of the double perovskite oxides, R2NiMnO6 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Y). We could refine powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the phases on the basis of monoclinic (P2(1)/n) double perovskite structure where Ni and Mn atoms are ordered at 2c and 2d sites, respectively. All the phases are ferromagnetic insulators exhibiting relatively low dielectric loss and dielectric constants in the range 15-25. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature of the R2NiMnO6 series seems to correlate better with the radius of R3+ atoms than with the average Ni-O-Mn angle (phi) in the double perovskite structure. These results are consistent with all samples having Mn4+ and Ni2+ With minimal antisite disorder.

Application of Maclaurin Series in Structural Analysis

In the simple theory of flexure of beams, the slope, bending moment, shearing force, load and other quantities are functions of a derivative of y with respect to x. It is shown that the elastic curve of a transversely loaded beam can be represented by the Maclaurin series. Substitution of the values of the derivatives gives a direct solution of beam problems. In this paper the method is applied to derive the Theorem or three moments and slope deflection equations. The method is extended to the solution of a rigid portal frame. Finally the method is applied to deduce results on which the moment distribution method of analyzing rigid frames is based.

Graduate School for Jewish Social Work (New York, N.Y.) records, undated, 1925-1950.

The collection consists of records of the administration of the school; records of a Lower East Side documentation project, including photographs; and letters from a project on the Men's and Women's Department of Der Tag. The collection is arranged in four series: Series I. Administration, Series II. Committee on Research, Series III. Der Tag Project, and Series IV. East Side Project.

Grand Street Boys' Association (New York, N.Y.) Records, undated, 1907-1968, bulk 1940-2000.

The Grand Street Boys' Association began in 1916 as a reunion of men who had grown up on or near Grand Street in the Lower East Side neighborhood of Manhattan and quickly grew into an active club, open to all men (and eventually women) regardless of religion, ethnicity, or social class. The Association promoted welfare projects, acts of fellowship and tolerance, scholarships, youth employment, war efforts, and the elimination of discrimination in sports, among other projects. The collection documents the activities of the Association, as well as the Grand Street Boys' Foundation, its financial arm established in 1945, and its Hobbycraft Program, a charitable program tasked with collecting and redistributing donated items to charitable and nonprofit organizations. Materials include administrative records, financial records, correspondence, minutes, membership records, newsletters, yearbooks, artifacts, speeches, and photographs relating to both the New York Grand Street Boys' Association and the Association's Grand Street House in England. Series I, comprising the majority of the collection, contains the records of the Grand Street Boys' Association. In it are extensive membership records, meeting minutes, annual yearbooks, financial records, administrative material, newsletters, and artifacts. Series II documents the Grand Street Boys' Foundation and contains administrative records and financial records. Some overlap of material will be found in Series I and II such as material pertaining to the relationship between the Association and Foundation. Series III consists of photographs documenting both the Association and Foundation. The photographs show members and highlight the activities of the Grand Street Boys.

R3Mn1.5CuV0.5O9 (R = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) and Lu3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9: New noncentro symmetric oxides related to YMnO3

We report formation of new noncentrosymmetric oxides of the formula, R3Mn1.5CuV0.5O9 for R = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, possessing the hexagonal RMnO3 (space group P6(3)cm) structure. These oxides could be regarded as the x = 0.5 members of a general series R3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9. Investigation of the Lu-Mn-Cu-V-O system reveals the existence of isostructural solid solution series, Lu3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9 for 0 < x <= 0.75. Magnetic and dielectric properties of the oxides are consistent with a random distribution of Mn3+, Cu2+ and V5+ atoms that preserve the noncentrosymmetric RMnO3 structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electric and magnetic polarizabilities of hexagonal Ln(2)CuTiO(6)(Ln = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb)

We investigated the rare-earth transition-metal oxide series, Ln(2)CuTiO(6) (Ln = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb), crystallizing in the hexagonal structure with noncentrosymmetric P6(3)cm space group for possible occurrences of multiferroic properties. Our results show that while these compounds, except Ln = Y, exhibit a low-temperature antiferromagnetic transition due to the ordering of the rare-earth moments, the expected ferroelectric transition is frustrated by the large size difference between Cu and Ti at the B site. Interestingly, this leads these compounds to attain a rare and unique combination of desirable paraelectric properties with high dielectric constants, low losses, and weak temperature and frequency dependencies. First-principles calculations establish these exceptional properties result from a combination of two effects. A significant difference in the MO5 polyhedral sizes for M = Cu and M = Ti suppress the expected cooperative tilt pattern of these polyhedra, required for the ferroelectric transition, leading to relatively large values of the dielectric constant for every compound investigated in this series. Additionally, it is shown that the majority contribution to the dielectric constant arises from intermediate-frequency polar vibrational modes, making it relatively stable against any temperature variation. Changes in the temperature stability of the dielectric constant among different members of this series are shown to arise from changes in relative contributions from soft polar modes.

Microwave ECR Plasma Assisted MOCVD of Y(2)O(3) Thin Films Using Y(tod)(3) Precursor and Their Characterization

Yttrium oxide (Y(2)O(3)) thin films were deposited by microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) process using indigenously developed metal organic precursors Yttrium 2,7,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedionates, commonly known as Y(tod)(3) which were synthesized by an ultrasound method. A series of thin films were deposited by varying the oxygen flow rate from 1-9 sccm, keeping all other parameters constant. The deposited coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Thickness and roughness for the films were measured by stylus profilometry. Optical properties of the coatings were studied by the spectroscopic ellipsometry. Hardness and elastic modulus of the films were measured by nanoindentation technique. Being that microwave ECR CVD process is operating-pressure-sensitive, optimum oxygen activity is very essential for a fixed flow rate of precursor, in order to get a single phase cubic yttrium oxide in the films. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort that describes the use of Y(tod)(3) precursor for deposition of Y(2)O(3) films using plasma assisted CVD process.

"Evaluación del carbono almacenado en la biomasa y suelo del bosque tropical seco en el municipio de Nandaime, departamento de Granada, Nicaragua"

El dióxido de carbono es el más importante de los Gases de Efecto Invernadero, por la actividad humana, tanto en términos de su cantidad como de su potencial efecto sobre el calentamiento global. Este es producido cuando se usa combustible fósil para generar energía y cuando los bosques son deforestados y quemados. La vegetación arbórea es una fuente y a la vez un sumidero natural de CO2. El presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Nandaime departamento de Granada 20 10, con el objetivo de evaluar el carbono almacenado en los componentes biomasa aérea, hojarasca y suelo en tres sucesiones de edad (9, 15 y 19 años), en bosque seco tropical. Se hizo un inventario forestal (fustal 200 m2 y latizal 25 m2). Se cortó el árbol promedio en fustales Se pesó y muestreo la biomasa aérea y hojarasca, en las cuales se determinó en laboratorio el porcentaje de humedad y contenido de carbono. La mayor cantidad de árboles fue en la edad de 9 años con 2,366.7 árboles/ha. Los promedios de diámetro en fustal fueron 10.92, 14.7 y 15.97 cm, para 9, 15 y 19 años respectivamente. Los promedios de diámetro en latizal fueron 6.29, 6.41 y 6.43 cm, para 9 15 y 19 años respectivamente. Los promedios de altura en fustal fueron 6.92, 10.21 y 10.78 m, para 9 15 y19 años respectivamente. Los promedios de altura en latizal fueron 5.25, 6.00 y 8.13 m, para 9 15 y19 años respectivamente. La mayor cantidad de área basal y volumen fue en la edad de 9 años con 38.66 m 2/a y 356.83 m3/ha. Según el índice de diversidad Shannon-Wiener y Simpson se determinó que el sitio más diverso en fustal fue la sucesión de 15 años de edad y el menos diverso el nivel de 19 años, en latizal el más diverso fue el de 15 años y el menos diverso el de 19. En la edad 19 años , se cuantifico la mayor cantidad de hojarasca con 5.69 t/ha, pero el mayor contenido de carbono fue en 9 años con 1.11 t/ha. En la edad 9 años, se cuantifico la mayor cantidad de biomasa y carbono en ramas y hojas con 206.82 y 37.49t/ha, respectivamente. Para fuste, se cuantifico la mayor cantidad de biomasa y carbono en la edad de 9 años con 149.98 y 47.63 t/ha, respectivamente. El carbono almacenado en el suelo fueron 22.5, 27.68 y 42.39 t/ha, para 9, 15 y19 años respectivamente. La tasa de fijación de la biomasa aérea fue 9.46, 7.11 y 6.23 t/año, para 9, 15 y 19 años respectivamente.