Effect of fire on the microstructure and mechanical response of structural steels for building construction

The research is an exhaustive study of the microstructure and of the stress-strain curves of structural steel S460N at temperatures typical of a fire. It includes a fractographic study of the fracture suifaces of cylindrical specimens, tensile tested at different fire scenarios, explaining the relationship between the failure micromechanisms and temperature. The paper ends with the comparison between the experimentally found strain-stress curves with that one's proposed by the EUROCODE EC3, resulting that in the case of steel S460N these are on the side ofsafety.

Effects of hydrogen assisted stress corrosion on damage tolerance of a high-strength duplex stainless steel wire for prestressing concrete

The study brings new insights on the hydrogen assisted stress corrosion on damage tolerance of a high-strength duplex stainless steel wire which concerns its potential use as active reinforcement for concrete prestressing. The adopted procedure was to experimentally state the effect of hydrogen on the damage tolerance of cylindrical smooth and precracked wire specimens exposed to stress corrosion cracking using the aggressive medium of the standard test developed by FIP (International Prestressing Federation). Stress corrosion testing, mechanical fracture tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis allowed the damage assessment, and explain the synergy between mechanical loading and environment action on the failure sequence of the wire. In presence of previous damage, hydrogen affects the wire behavior in a qualitative sense, consistently to the fracture anisotropy attributable to cold drawing, but it does not produce quantitative changes since the steel fully preserves its damage tolerance.

Tecnologia construtiva de fachada em chapas delgadas estruturadas em light steel framing.

Aumento da produtividade, melhorias na qualidade dos produtos, redução de custos e de impactos ambientais são essenciais para a capacidade competitiva das empresas. A execução da fachada faz parte do caminho crítico da obra, por ser um subsistema que associa as funções de fechamento, acabamento, iluminação e ventilação e ainda por incorporar sistemas prediais; apresenta, por isso também, um alto custo direto em relação aos outros subsistemas do edifício. A tecnologia construtiva de fachadas em chapas delgadas com estrutura em Light Steel Framing (LSF) é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade e reduzir os prazos de obra, com qualidade e desempenho, e pode trazer benefícios em relação a atividades intensas em mão de obra como é o caso da alvenaria de vedação e de seus revestimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo sistematizar e analisar o conhecimento relativo a essa tecnologia construtiva de fachada. O método adotado compreende revisão bibliográfica. Como contribuição, o trabalho reúne um conjunto organizado de informações sobre os principais sistemas disponíveis no mercado contemplando: a caracterização do sistema de fachada, de suas camadas e dos perfis leves de aço e a sistematização das principais avaliações técnicas de sistemas existentes em outros países, reunindo normas técnicas de produtos e de execução. Acredita-se que a reunião e organização das informações, antes dispersas em diversas referências, têm potencial para subsidiar o meio técnico para tomada de decisão quanto ao uso adequado da nova tecnologia.

Steel Pedestrian Bridge to Protect a Unique Tree

This paper describes the “Variation Guggenheim 3: Mirador de la palmera” project, situated in Daya Vieja (Alicante-Spain). This structure is inspired by the Guggenheim museum of New York and is designed to protect a land-mark palm-tree from wind loads. This six – trunk palm tree was declared monument by the Valencian government in 2012. The structure that now protect it appears to fly around de palm tree creating a helicoidally skywalk made of steel, while retrofitting the lateral trunks of the tree to protect them from collapse. An 18 m. long straight beam starts on the top of this helix, and stretches towards a lookout point that offers a view of the whole village and its surroundings. The reduction of the visual impact of the structure on the tree was a major aim for the project design. The structural elements are as slender as possible to avoid the visual obstruction of tree. They are painted white, while the walkway steel corrugated plate is painted green in order to highlight its neat shape among the blur created by the apparent mess of bars of the supporting structure. The two main piles of this pedestrian bridge were designed in steel and geometrically resemble trees. A Ground Penetrating Radar analysis was performed to detect the palm root location and to decide the best foundation system. Slender cast in-situ steel-concrete micropiles along with a concrete pile-cap, raised some centimeters above the ground level, were used to reduce the damage to the roots. The projected pile-cap is a slender, continuous, circular ring; which geometry resembles a concrete bench. This structure has been a finalist in the Architecture Awards for the 2010-2014 best construction projects, held by the Diputación de Alicante.

The European Construction - from Communities to a Genuine Supranational Union

The European Union is an entity having a unique way of construction. All started as a need to put the coal and steel resources together in order to avoid a new army conflict on the old continent and as a way to rebuild the European economies after the World War Two. The success of these strategies and policies but also the newly realities that appeared at the European and global level, encouraged the European leaders to dare for more. Hopefully, more and more European states embraced the idea of integration, thanks to all the advantages brought by the membership. Hence, new premises were created and the decision makers took advantage of them and used the treaties as mechanisms for a safe and stable development. Using the observation and the qualitative method by analyzing several researches on this topic and the reforms introduced through the treaties, we will finally be able to validate our research hypothesis that we can speak nowadays about a real union having its own identity, a union which has moved from an intergovernmental organization to a supranational one.

Standard tee rail construction for steam rail road and industrial railway track and switch work.

"Catalogue no. 21."

Traité du fer et de l'acier : contenant un système raisonné sur leur nature, la construction des fourneaux, les procédés suivis dans les différens travaux des forges, et l'emploi de ces deux métaux : avec quinze planches en taille-douce.

Mode of access: Internet.

Fish screen head loss, perforated 16-gage steel plate (5/32-inch holes staggered on 7/32-inch centers) versus 5-mesh, 19-gage galvanized wire, Tracy Pumping Plant intake, Central Valley Project /

Mode of access: Internet.

Skeleton construction in buildings : with numerous practical illustrations of high buildings /

Mode of access: Internet.

Invitation to contractors and forms of contract, bond andcontractor's proposal for construction of a part of the ... Rapid transit railroad ... Form finaly adopted by the Commission ...

Some numbers have special subtitles, as follows: no. 5, sect. 8/11, "proposal for installation of cable feed pipes..." no. 16/18/36/37 [combined] "proposal for construction of signal towers..." no. 18 (180th street and 239th street yards)" proposal for furnishing and erecting structural steel for inspection sheds..." no. 19/22, sect. 2. "proposal for erection of structural steel..." no. 49, sect. 1/2, "proposal for construction of concrete track floors and platforms ..." no. 49, sect. 3, "proposal for the supply of structural steel ..."

Invitation to contractors, information for contractors and forms of contract, bond and contractor's proposal for the supply of ... [materials] for use in the construction of rapid transit railroads.

On covers: Contract for the supply of ... [materials] Order [s] ...

Rackham Blg. [Building] construction

Subfloor completed on first level. Some steel girders are up. No. 9 of chronological series of construction photographs, numbered 1 to 32. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction

Rackham Blg. [Building] construction

View toward north. Additional steel framework on upper floors. More exterior limestone on main floor. No. 17 of chronological series of construction photographs, numbered 1 to 32. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction

Rackham Blg. [Building] construction

View toward north. Steel framework for roof of building nearly complete. Exterior limestone on second floor. No. 18 of chronological series of construction photographs, numbered 1 to 32. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction

Strength analysis of steel-concrete composite beams in combined bending and shear

Despite experimental evidences, the contributions of the concrete slab and composite action to the vertical shear strength of simply supported steel-concrete composite beams are not considered in current design codes, which lead to conservative designs. In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the flexural and shear strengths of simply supported composite beams under combined bending and shear. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to account for geometric and material nonlinear behavior of composite beams, and verified by experimental results. The verified finite element model is than employed to quantify the contributions of the concrete slab and composite action to the moment and shear capacities of composite beams. The effect of the degree of shear connection on the vertical shear strength of deep composite beams loaded in shear is studied. Design models for vertical shear strength including contributions from the concrete slab and composite action and for the ultimate moment-shear interaction ate proposed for the design of simply supported composite beams in combined bending and shear. The proposed design models provide a consistent and economical design procedure for simply supported composite beams.