Effect of delayed start of light-curing on microtensile bond strengths of two adhesives bonded to dentin

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength to dentin (ATBS) of two total-etching adhesives applied with delays of 1-30 s for curing. Fifty extracted molar teeth were used. Occlusal enamel was sectioned to expose flat dentin surface, which was further polished with 600-grit paper for smear layer standardization. The specimens were divided into two groups, G1: Single Bond total-etching adhesive (SB), and G2: Prime & Bond NT total-etching adhesive (PB). Each group was further divided into 5 subgroups according to the delayed light-cure initiation after the adhesive systems application (n=5): Subgroup 1s - 1 s; Subgroup 5s -5 s; Subgroup 10s - 10 s; Subgroup 20s - 20 s; Subgroup 30s - 30 s. Composite resin cones 5 mm height and 10 mm in diameter were fabricated. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h and sectioned to obtain 1 x 1 mm(2) transversal specimens. Specimens were thermocycled and mu TBS was measured. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (AdhesiveXDelay time) and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at 5%. The results in mean MPa(+/- SD) for interaction between adhesive and delay time were: PB/1s - 23.82 +/- 2.54a; SB/5s - 19.52 +/- 2.67b; PB/5s - 18.56 +/- 3.06bc; SB/1s - 15.49 +/- 2.69cd; SB/20s - 16.33 +/- 2.55d; SB/10s - 13.88 +/- 1.67d; PB/10s - 11.04 +/- 1.28e; PB/30s - 10.89 +/- 1.31e; PB/20s - 10.24 +/- 2.33e; SB/30s - 9.19 +/- 1.91e. It was concluded that light-cure initiation timing of total-etching adhesives interferes negatively with mu TBS to dentin. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relações públicas em uma nova perspectiva de atuação: empresas start-up

This paper presents a new playing field for the public relations professional: the start-ups. This new company, with characteristics of fast growth and high-risk investments, becomes an alternative and, at the same time, opportunity for innovative projects that turns from theory into real business, product or service. This way, the work starts on the context of innovation and spread of new ideas, so people can understand the importance of the promotion and study of new ways to market. Faced with this context, public relations professionals are becoming essential in the mediating process of scenario analysis for the implantation of start-ups, as well as the communication of innovation and insight in this new business environment

Kinetic parameters and monomeric conversion of different dental composites using standard and soft-start photoactivation modes

This paper evaluates the photopolymerization kinetics and degree of conversion of different commercial dental composites when photoactivated by a LED curing unit using two different modes (standard and soft-start mode). The investigation was performed on with RelyX ARC (dual-cured), Filtek Z-350 (Nanocomposite), Filtek Z-250 (Hybrid), and Filtek Z-350flow (Flowable) resin composites. The analysis used was attenuated total reflection with a Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The RelyX ARC resin demonstrated the highest degree of conversion with both LED photoactivation modes. For this resin a 28% decrease in maximum rate was observed and the time to reach its highest rate was almost 2.3 times higher than when the soft-start photoactivation light curing was used. Z-350flow resin recorder a higher maximum rate using the soft-start mode rather than the standard mode. In contrast, the Z-250 showed a higher value using the standard mode. Although Z-250 and Z-350 showed a higher total degree of conversion effectiveness using the soft-start mode, RelyX and Z-350flow achieved a higher value using the standard mode.

Misure di audience nell'Internet Advertising: studio di caso della start-up "Taggalo"

L’avvento di Internet e delle innovazioni tecnologiche hanno determinato una rivoluzione nel panorama della comunicazione e dell’informazione soprattutto in quello pubblicitario. La pubblicità online (in inglese Advertising Online o Internet Advertising) è un fenomeno in continua crescita. Rispetto ai media tradizionali come la stampa e la televisione dove i contenuti sono trasmessi in modo generico e di massa, l’Advertising Online sfrutta la capacità del World Wide Web al fine di raggiungere una quantità notevole di persone permettendo di attuare campagne pubblicitarie verso un target mirato. In questo settore la facilità di misurare l'effetto nei confronti del pubblico permette alle aziende di investire in questo tipo di mercato rispetto a quello tradizionale poiché, in quest'ultimo l’assenza di strumenti di misurazione è basata su rilevanze teoriche. In riferimento a quanto citato, un’oggetto di studio e di analisi presentato in questa tesi riguarda la start-up TAGGALO un sistema ideato e sviluppato da un gruppo di ricercatori del CNR Puglia. Questa soluzione tecnologia è applicata nel campo pubblicitario del Digital out of Home e del Digital Signage dove la comunicazione del messaggio viene percepita dal potenziale cliente mentre è fuori casa mediante l’uso di schermi elettronici disposti nella maggior parte dei luoghi pubblici. Attraverso questa tecnologia è possibile rilevare il reale impatto della pubblicità online, rappresentando una soluzione efficace per misurare il reale ritorno per chi investe ovvero il ROI.

Analisi start-up settore digitale. Il ruolo del management.

Questo lavoro di ricerca studia il mercato digitale delle Start-Up italiane, valutando i passi del management nei vari cicli di vita aziendale. Dopo uno studio teorico sull'ecosistema italiano startup e il cambiamento dell'approccio scelto dal manager all'interno dell'azienda per arrivare al successo, è stato fatto un studio empirico con questionari e interviste. L'intento è capire in un team aziendale quali sono le figure da seguire e con che importanza. Quanto è fondamentale la figura di colui che organizza, media e detiene la responsabilità del lavoro finito nei tempi prestabiliti?

Stroke, coronary and peripheral artery disease survey on antithrombotic treatment (START IT)

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: To determine the perception of primary care physicians regarding the risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events in patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease, and to correlate this perception with documented antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of the general practice population in Switzerland, 381 primary care physicians screened 127 040 outpatients during 15 consecutive workdays in 2006. Perception of subsequent atherothrombotic events in patients with established CV disease was assessed using a tick box questionnaire allowing choices between low, moderate, high or very high risk. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between risk perception and antithrombotic treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 13 057 patients (10.4%) were identified as having established CV disease and 48.8% of those were estimated to be at high to very high risk for subsequent atherothrombotic events. Estimated higher risk for subsequent atherothrombotic events was associated with a shift from aspirin monotherapy to clopidogrel, vitamin K antagonist or aspirin plus clopidogrel (p <0.001 for trend). Clopidogrel (12.7% vs 6.8%, p <0.001), vitamin K antagonist (24.5% vs 15.6%, p <0.001) or aspirin plus clopidogrel (10.2% vs 4.2%, p <0.001) were prescribed in patients estimated to be at high to very high risk more often than in those at low to moderate risk. CONCLUSIONS: Perception of primary care physicians regarding risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events varies in patients with CV disease, and as a result antithrombotic therapy is altered in patients with anticipated high to very high risk even though robust evidence and clear guidelines are lacking.

Intraarterial administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with critical limb ischemia: a randomized-start, placebo-controlled pilot trial (PROVASA)

Critical limb ischemia due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease is associated with a severely increased morbidity and mortality. There is no effective pharmacological therapy available. Injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) is a promising therapeutic option in patients with critical limb ischemia, but double-blind, randomized trials are lacking.

Excellence in business teaching: A quick start guide. Book Review

The article reviews the book "Excellence in Business Teaching: A Quick Start Guide," by Ellen Auster, Tina Grant, and Krista Wylie.

Randomised trial of a clinical dosing algorithm to start anticoagulation with phenprocoumon

Prospective validation of two algorithms for the initiation of phenprocoumon treatment.

Sendai virus RNA polymerase scanning for mRNA start sites at gene junctions

Mini-genomes expressing two reporter genes and a variable gene junction were used to study Sendai virus RNA polymerase (RdRp) scanning for the mRNA start signal of the downstream gene (gs2). We found that RdRp could scan the template efficiently as long as the initiating uridylate of gs2 (3' UCCCnnUUUC) was preceded by the conserved intergenic region (3' GAA) and the last 3 uridylates of the upstream gene end signal (ge1; 3' AUUCUUUUU). The end of the leader sequence (3' CUAAAA, which precedes gs1) could also be used for gene2 expression, but this sequence was considerably less efficient. Increasing the distance between ge1 and gs2 (up to 200 nt) led to the progressive loss of gene2 expression, in which half of gene2 expression was lost for each 70 nucleotides of intervening sequence. Beyond 200 nt, gene2 expression was lost more slowly. Our results suggest that there may be two populations of RdRp that scan at gene junctions, which can be distinguished by the efficiency with which they can scan the genome template for gs.

CD4+ T-cell count increase in HIV-1-infected patients with suppressed viral load within 1 year after start of antiretroviral therapy

BACKGROUND: CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with continuous suppression of plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) is highly variable. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for long-term CD4+ T-cell increase in treatment-naive patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS: Treatment-naive patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study reaching two VL measurements <50 copies/ml >3 months apart during the 1st year of cART were included (n=1816 patients). We studied CD4+ T-cell dynamics until the end of suppression or up to 5 years, subdivided into three periods: 1st year, years 2-3 and years 4-5 of suppression. Multiple median regression adjusted for repeated CD4+ T-cell measurements was used to study the dependence of CD4+ T-cell slopes on clinical covariates and drug classes. RESULTS: Median CD4+ T-cell increases following VL suppression were 87, 52 and 19 cells/microl per year in the three periods. In the multiple regression model, median CD4+ T-cell increases over all three periods were significantly higher for female gender, lower age, higher VL at cART start, CD4+ T-cell <650 cells/microl at start of the period and low CD4+ T-cell increase in the previous period. Patients on tenofovir showed significantly lower CD4+ T-cell increases compared with stavudine. CONCLUSIONS: In our observational study, long-term CD4+ T-cell increase in drug-naive patients with suppressed VL was higher in regimens without tenofovir. The clinical relevance of these findings must be confirmed in, ideally, clinical trials or large, collaborative cohort projects but could influence treatment of older patients and those starting cART at low CD4+ T-cell levels.