779 resultados para Social support
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Essai doctoral prsent la Facult des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Doctorat (D.Psy.) en psychologie option psychologie clinique
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Introduction: Les personnes ayant dvelopp un tat de stress post-traumatique (SPT) vitent systmatiquement daborder avec leurs proches le sujet du trauma ainsi que tout lment y tant associ. Cette forme dvitement peut entraver le processus naturel de rtablissement. Les hypothses suivantes peuvent tre nonces cet gard. Tout dabord, une discussion avec une personne proche et centre sur le trauma peut tre vcue comme tant anxiogne et, par consquent, provoquer une augmentation de la frquence du rythme cardiaque, dailleurs communment connue sous le nom de ractivit du rythme cardiaque. La ractivit provoque par une telle situation peut positivement varier en fonction de lintensit des symptmes dSPT. Cette association entre les symptmes et la ractivit peut, son tour, varier en fonction des perceptions de la personne anxieuse du soutien social de la part de son proche et/ou de son entourage. Il en va de mme pour les individus ayant dvelopp un trouble anxieux comparable, soit le trouble panique (TP). Toutefois, toutes ces hypothses nayant pas t jusqu maintenant vrifies empiriquement, la prsente thse a eu pour objectif de les tester. Mthodologie: Un total de 46 personnes avec un SPT et de 22 personnes avec un TP ont complt des entrevues diagnostiques et des questionnaires auto-rapports concernant leurs symptmes ainsi que leurs perceptions des interactions sociales soutenantes et non soutenantes ou ngatives avec leur proche significatif et leur entourage. Elles ont galement particip une interaction sociale avec une personne proche et centre sur leur trouble anxieux, situation qui incluait galement des mesures continues du rythme cardiaque. Rsultats: Les rsultats ont dmontr quune interaction sociale centre sur le trauma avec une personne proche provoquait une augmentation significative de la frquence du rythme cardiaque des participants en comparaison une interaction sociale non conflictuelle et non anxiogne avec cette mme personne. Cette ractivit du rythme cardiaque corrlait de faon significative et positive avec lintensit de leurs symptmes dSPT. Les rsultats ont galement permis de constater que lhypothse de modration concernant les perceptions dinteractions sociales positives tait partiellement confirme, soit pour les symptmes dvitement; les perceptions dinteractions sociales ngatives tant quant elles associes de faon significative et positive cette ractivit (c..d. suivant un effet principal). Quant aux personnes avec un TP, une attnuation significative dans la frquence de leur rythme cardiaque fut observe dans le contexte analogue, attnuation qui tait positivement lie la svrit de leurs attaques de panique. Certaines dimensions de leurs perceptions de soutien social taient significativement et ngativement lies cette attnuation (c..d. suivant un effet principal). Discussion: La prsente thse a notamment dmontr quil existait des liens entre les symptmes dSPT et la ractivit du rythme cardiaque dans le contexte dune interaction sociale avec un proche et centre sur le trauma. Elle a galement permis de constater que les symptmes dSPT et les perceptions dinteraction sociales positives et ngatives peuvent prdire cette ractivit. Dans lavenir, des devis longitudinaux pourront informer davantage propos de la direction des liens ici explors.
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Social support and coping are both related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying their relationships remain unclear. This study explores these relationships by examining the perceived frequency of supportive and countersupportive interactions with a significant other in PTSD patients. Ninety-six participants with PTSD were recruited and completed questionnaires assessing social interactions, ways of coping, and PTSD symptoms. Associations of social interactions (r2 = 4.1%7.9%, p < .05) and coping (r2 = 15.9% 16.5%, p < .001) with symptoms were independent, and suggested a direct association between social interactions and PTSD. Countersupportive interactions were more associated to symptoms than supportive interactions. Our findings suggest the development of psychotherapies that integrate social support interventions.
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The World Bank Report 2012 starts with this statement: Gender equality matters in itself andit matters for development because, in todays globalized worlds, countries that use the skillsand talents of their women would have an advantage over those which do not use it. With theframe that suggest that gender equality matters, this paper describes some policy alternativesoriented to overcome gender disadvantages in the formal labor market incorporation of theurban middle class women in Colombia. On balance, the final recommendation suggest that itis desirable to adopt policy alternatives as Community Centers, which are programs orientedto a social redistribution of the domestic work as a way to encourage women participationin the formal labor market with the social support of the members of their own community.The problem that the social policy needs to address is the segregation of women in the formallabor market in Colombia. Although the evidence shows that the women overcome theeducational gap by showing better performance in education that their male peers, womenare still segregated of the labor market. The persistence of high rates of unemployment on thefemale population, the prevalence of the informal labor market as a women labor market, andthe presence of the payment difference between men and women with similar professionaltrainings are circumstances that sustain the segregation statement. These circumstances areinefficient for the society because an economic analysis shows that the cost of maintain the statuquo is externalized in the social security system that includes health, pension and maternityleave regimens. Therefore, the women segregation involves a market failure.This paper evaluates five policy alternatives each directed to the progress of a different causaldimension of the problem: (i) Quotas in the private market, (ii) Flexible working hours,(iii) replace the maternity leave with a family leave, (iv) Increase the Community Centers forredistributing the care work, and (v) Equal payment enforcement. The first alternative looksto increase womens participation in the formal labor market. The second, third, and fourthalternatives constitute a package addressed at redistributing care work by reducing womensresponsibility for reproductive work in the household with the help of husbands and the localgovernment. The fifth alternative intervenes to resolve the equal payment problem.After a four criteria evaluation that measure effectiveness, robustness and improbability inimplementation, efficiency and political acceptability or social opposition, the strongest alternativeis the fostering of Community Centers that promote a redistribution of care work. Thispolicy performs well in the assessment process because it combines gender focus with importantindirect effects: child support and human capabilities. The policy also shows a bottomup implementation process that overcomes the main adoption difficulties in the gender focusprograms and is supported by strong evidence of success in the Colombian context; this evidenceis produced by both transnational actors as a World Bank and also in local accountabilityreporters executed by local institutions like Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF).
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El diagnstico de cncer ha sido asociado con un alto riesgo de presentar ideacin suicida en comparacin con la poblacin no oncolgica, sin embargo se ha considerado al apoyo social como un factor protector para la ocurrencia de esta conducta. La presente investigacin tuvo como objetivo identificar la relacin entre el apoyo social percibido y la ideacin suicida en 90 pacientes oncolgicos adultos en Bogot, bajo la hiptesis de que a mayor apoyo social percibido, menor presencia de ideacin suicida. Se midi la variable de apoyo social a travs del cuestionario Duke UNC y la ideacin suicida a travs de cuatro instrumentos: Escala de Ideacin Suicida (SSI), Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS), el tem 9 del Inventario de Depresin de Beck (BDI-IA) y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados mostraron que no existe relacin entre el apoyo social percibido y la ideacin suicida. Por otro lado se identific una prevalencia de suicidio entre 5,6% y 22,77%, confirmando que el paciente con cncer considera el suicidio y es fundamental evaluar esta variable en esta poblacin. Se considera importante continuar con la realizacin de investigaciones que permitan generalizar los resultados a la poblacin oncolgica colombiana.
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This article explores the impact of wider social contact on the experience of Chinese postgraduate students of adaptation to life in the UK. Focus group and individual interviews were conducted with a group of 11 Chinese students on an MA programme at a university in southern England and individual interviews with three representatives of a local volunteer group (LVG) offering support to the Chinese students. Although it was perceived that the students support needs were not adequately met by the University, the additional support offered outside the University was unanimously valued and considered as enriching their cultural and linguistic experiences and meeting their expectations. However, frequent social contact with the LVG, whose members were mostly Christians, also had an impact on their values, religious beliefs and identities. In a discussion framed within the sociological perspective of proselytization or religious conversion and the broad framework of international education and globalization, the different responses to this contact are described in terms of believers, doubters, empathisers and commentators. Implications are considered for universities, people involved in providing social support for international students, and sponsors of international students.
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This paper explores the impacts of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on children and families in northern Tanzania using the concept of social resilience.1 The study is based on the findings of childfocused research with street children and children and families from HIV/AIDS-affected households. The paper illustrates the coping strategies that children and young people, and parents and caregivers adopt at the household level. In particular, it examines how the burden of care affects different generations of women and highlights their resilience, together with the importance of social networks and the fluidity of movement between rural and urban areas. The research suggests that migrating to urban areas to seek a living in the informal sector represents a survival strategy adopted by some children and young people orphaned by AIDS when their families and communities are unable or unwilling to support them. The paper concludes by exploring parents, caregivers, childrens, and young peoples views on the forms of social support that would promote their resilience and thereby help to mitigate the impacts of the epidemic at the household level.
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Introduction: The frailty in the elderly is the result of a complex interplay between many social and clinical factors involved in its genesis. Although there is an understanding of its association with increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes, still it is unclear whether this syndrome can be aggravated due to lack of social support. So, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between social support and frailty syndrome in elderly community residents. Materials and methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional study, with a sample of 300 elderly living in the city of Natal-RN. Were collected informations about socialdemographic, economics and physical health data. The Social support was assessed by the status of cohabitation; marital status; contact frequency and diversity rate; received and given attendance frequency rate; and Map Minimum Relations of the Elderly. The frailty was assessed using the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, weakness, low physical activity, exhaustion and Slowness. To observe any possible associations, we performed the Pearson chi-square test, the Student t test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: It was observed that there were no associations of frailty with the social support variables, except for housekeeping mode (p = 0.046) of the MMRI. For the sociodemographic, economic, physical health and social support data, only age (p <0.001), sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.002) and poor perceived health (p = 0.001) were the ones that remained in the logistic regression model, with strong association for the presence of frailty. Conclusion: Among the variables related to social support, only to help with housekeeping was significantly associated with frailty. However, more studies need to be developed to characterize the social vulnerability, as well as health services need to recognize the importance of social support as an integral part of care for the elderly
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The purpose of this work is to map the family and community social supports for adolescents and young students from Bom Pastor Distric, West Zone of Natal/RN, as well as to describe how such resources are used by these individuaIs in that community. Social support refers not only to formal activities or organizations, but also to spontaneous or informal forms of support - friendship and solidarity nets available in the community, affective relations that are meaningful in the lives of children and young people. Our discussion is based on a research performed with 382 adolescents and young students from Jean Mermoz Public School (students from 5th to 11th grades, aged 13 to 14). We emphasized the situations of violence derived from family or community spheres faced by these students. In relation to this specific aspect, we observed the participants more frequently look for help from the informal social supports, mostly from their friends, which indicates that the formal ones are not considered to be effective instruments for social assistance. The search for informal social supports shows the relations informally established in the streets (for instance when they look for help from friends, rei atives or neighbors) have more effect and play an important role in which there are values and affections exchange. Thinking the strengthening of these social links is of extreme importance and leads to the weakening of the hegemonic logics focused on the production of subjects as private identities, and to the amplification of an ethics committed to the disassembly of a sociability anchored to fear, impotence, intolerance, discrimination, and reduction of spaces for circulating and confronting mechanisms of social exclusion. It is crucial that we concentrate our attention to building friendship as a system of reciprocity and affective exchanges, as a space for political actions and production of forms of lives that are potent against social anesthesia
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Social support is an important factor throughout one s life, especially in times of crisis. Premature delivery can be considered a crisis, followed by neonatal hospitalization. This type of birth is associated with elevated anxiety, representing risks to maternal mental health and mother-infant relationship. This research aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between perceived social support and the expression of anxiety in mothers of premature, hospitalized newborns. This is a cross-sectional, correlational study, conducted during the period of April to October 2011, using a convenience sample. The sample consisted of seventy mothers with preterm, hospitalized newborns and seventy mothers of full-term newborns. The instruments used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Social Support Scale. The results demonstrated a weak negative relationship between intensity-State Anxiety and emotional support as well as a negative relationship in intensity between low to moderate-Trait Anxiety, social support and its dimensions (material support, emotional, information, interaction positive social and emotional). These suggest that the better the perception of social support, the less severe anxiogenic symptoms will be, and the converse is also true. It is noteworthy, therefore, the importance of social support, as well as the importance of health professionals to be aware not only of the physical health of the newborn, but also the psychosocial aspects that pervade the context of preterm birth followed by hospitalization
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This research deals with children and teenagers who are in childish work situation like juridical and institutional conquests connected with public politics in order to effects rights and social support about childish work eradication program (PETI) in terms of evaluation context under social work. The analysis of this research records the PETI implantation process at social nucleus in Cidade Nova (Natal/RN) to absorb children and teenagers who come from lixo . It does this based on the two thousands (2005) and presents the program importance linking users and their families such as the investigation of PETI actions, intending to give a contribution in the childish work combat and how they have been developed social-education protection for children and teenagers (seven to fifteens). About quality and quantity it was make a survey of social-economical characterization of the people benefits (to families) through interviews with users. This study (make us) sure brings new subventions which can cooperate to the childish work eradication by others public politics articulations
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This research deals with children and teenagers who are in childish work situation like juridical and institutional conquests connected with public politics in order to effects rights and social support about childish work eradication program (PETI) in terms of evaluation context under social work. The analysis of this research records the PETI implantation process at social nucleus in Cidade Nova (Natal/RN) to absorb children and teenagers who come from lixo . It does this based on the two thousands (2005) and presents the program importance linking users and their families such as the investigation of PETI actions, intending to give a contribution in the childish work combat and how they have been developed social-education protection for children and teenagers (seven to fifteens). About quality and quantity it was make a survey of social-economical characterization of the people benefits (to families) through interviews with users. This study (make us) sure brings new subventions which can cooperate to the childish work eradication by others public politics articulations
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Trata-se de um trabalho epidemiolgico do tipo transversal, com o objetivo de descrever as caractersticas do apoio social e identificar associaes entre as variveis sociodemogrficas e categorias de suporte social, em populao rural do Bairro dos Aleixos, no municpio de Taquarituba ­ SP. Para medir o apoio social, utilizou-se da escala Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), traduzida para o portugus e validada em nosso meio. A populao caracterizou-se por mulheres, predominantemente da raa branca, entre 60 a 69 anos, casadas e/ou vivendo em concubinatos, de baixa renda e residindo em domiclios multigeracionais. Escores de apoio mdios elevados foram identificados, indicando situao favorvel entre os idosos estudados. em termos mdios, a categoria de apoio com pior escore foi interao social positiva. A anlise bivariada demonstrou uma diferena significativa entre escore de apoio afetivo e de apoio emocional com nmero de pessoas no domiclio e maior freqncia de escores altos de interao social (3 tercil) em idosos do sexo masculino e naqueles com maior grau de escolaridade. O estudo apontou ainda que escores de apoio social menores foram mais freqentes em mulheres, analfabetos, vivos ou solteiros, idosos com renda entre um e dois salrios mnimos.
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Ps-graduao em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
