997 resultados para Sequências didáticas


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O estudo do movimento pulmonar é assunto de grande interesse na área médica. A observação direta do mesmo é inviável, uma vez que o pulmão colapsa quando a caixa torácica é aberta. Dentre os meios de observação indireta, escolheu-se o imageamento por ressonância magnética em respiração livre e sem uso de nenhum gás para melhorar o contraste ou qualquer informação de sincronismo. Esta escolha propõe diversos desafios, como: a superar a alta variação na qualidade das imagens, que é baixa, em geral, e a suscetibilidade a artefatos, entre outras limitações a serem superadas. Imagens de Tomografia Computadorizada apresentam melhor qualidade e menor tempo de aquisição, mas expõem o paciente a níveis consideráveis de radiação ionizante. É apresentada uma metodologia para segmentação do pulmão, produzindo um conjunto de pontos coordenados. Isto é feito através do processamento temporal da sequência de imagens de RM. Este processamento consiste nas seguintes etapas: geração de imagens temporais (2DSTI), transformada de Hough modificada, algoritmo de contornos ativos e geração de silhueta. A partir de um dado ponto, denominado centro de rotação, são geradas diversas imagens temporais com orientações variadas. É proposta uma formulação modificada da transformada de Hough para determinar curvas parametrizadas que sejam síncronas ao movimento diafragmático, chamados movimentos respiratórios. Também são utilizadas máscaras para delimitar o domínio de aplicação da transformada de Hough. São obtidos movimentos respiratórios que são suavizados pelo algoritmo de contornos ativos e, assim, permitem a geração de contornos para cada quadro pertencente a sequência e, portanto, de uma silhueta do pulmão para cada sequência.

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Relatório de estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e ensino do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico.

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Hebb proposed that synapses between neurons that fire synchronously are strengthened, forming cell assemblies and phase sequences. The former, on a shorter scale, are ensembles of synchronized cells that function transiently as a closed processing system; the latter, on a larger scale, correspond to the sequential activation of cell assemblies able to represent percepts and behaviors. Nowadays, the recording of large neuronal populations allows for the detection of multiple cell assemblies. Within Hebb’s theory, the next logical step is the analysis of phase sequences. Here we detected phase sequences as consecutive assembly activation patterns, and then analyzed their graph attributes in relation to behavior. We investigated action potentials recorded from the adult rat hippocampus and neocortex before, during and after novel object exploration (experimental periods). Within assembly graphs, each assembly corresponded to a node, and each edge corresponded to the temporal sequence of consecutive node activations. The sum of all assembly activations was proportional to firing rates, but the activity of individual assemblies was not. Assembly repertoire was stable across experimental periods, suggesting that novel experience does not create new assemblies in the adult rat. Assembly graph attributes, on the other hand, varied significantly across behavioral states and experimental periods, and were separable enough to correctly classify experimental periods (Naïve Bayes classifier; maximum AUROCs ranging from 0.55 to 0.99) and behavioral states (waking, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep; maximum AUROCs ranging from 0.64 to 0.98). Our findings agree with Hebb’s view that neuronal assemblies correspond to primitive building blocks of representation, nearly unchanged in 10 the adult, while phase sequences are labile across behavioral states and change after novel experience. The results are compatible with a role for phase sequences in behavior and cognition

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Currently it is expected that science education will enable a more comprehensive conception of the world and of the relationship between scientific knowledge, technology and society. Thus, we seek the science teaching attend around contexts related to science, technology and society (STS). According CTS approaches, the science education should promote learning in the scientific, technological and social fields, from experienced real contexts, generating motivation to students, offering them tools to work as scientifically literate citizens. For this, it becomes crucial to resort to innovative activities and the various methodologies and appropriate teaching materials, and there is a lack of this perspective in general basic education, which drives the practice of an STS approach. Therefore, the aim of this research is the production of an instructional sequence for the exploration of the theme: "The quality of the water in the municipality of Cuité-PB," according to focus CTS in the 2nd year of high school. The choice of this topic is due to the problem caused by the quality of water in this municipality, with the concern to address an issue that came to work the critical / reflective understanding of a real context, in order to sensitize students to the importance of scientific / technological knowledge. The selection criteria of STS subjects were also observed. In this research the materials were produced and applied by the teacher / researcher. For data collection we used the observation and analysis of student records. The results were encouraging in the sense of participation, motivation and skill acquisition. This research contributes to the teaching of science with a focus STS, as well as encourage the use of perspective in new contexts with real questioning

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This thesis aims to present a study of the Fibonacci sequence, initiated from a simple problem of rabbits breeding and the Golden Ratio, which originated from a geometrical construction, for applications in basic education. The main idea of the thesis is to present historical records of the occurrence of these concepts in nature and science and their influence on social, cultural and scientific environments. Also, it will be presented the identification and the characterization of the basic properties of these concepts and howthe connection between them occurs,and mainly, their intriguing consequences. It is also shown some activities emphasizing geometric constructions, links to other mathematics areas, curiosities related to these concepts and the analysis of questions present in vestibular (SAT-Scholastic Aptitude Test) and Enem(national high school Exam) in order to show the importance of these themes in basic education, constituting an excellent opportunity to awaken the students to new points of view in the field of science and life, from the presented subject and to promote new ways of thinking mathematics as a transformative science of society.

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This essay presents a proposal on methodology over the mathematical object Exponential Function which enables the development of interpretative and creative skills with potential meaning to the students starting from a didactic sequence structured on the light of The Theory of Didactic Situations from Guy Brousseau and, from the Records of Semiotic Representation of Duval, providing interactions among the students, the teacher and the environment of cooperative learning where the students feel free to express their own ideas as well as to suggest their own approaches. The methodology presented has been developed according to the students first knowledge, valuing their different ways of registering, which have such an important role during the teaching and learning processes. The proposal has been applied to the students from the first year of high school of Colégio Estadual José de Anchieta Ensino Fundamental e Médio, located in a town called Dois Vizinhos –Paraná. In order to the development of the research the methodological tool Didactic Engineering Artigue which consists in a methodology developed only to the research with didactic situations. The main goal has been reached at first, which was to work on the conceptual part of the Exponential Function, the relation of dependence and its main characteristic so that the variable part is in the exponent. Moreover with no imposition but starting from suitable didactic situations, the students were able to realize that they could solve the problems which involve the exponential function and furthermore create new problems (according to their universe) modeled by this kind of function. Its believed that the methodology based on the theory of didactic situations, analysis of students registers, observation on mistakes and obstacles as well as reflections over the aspects of the didactic contract are of fundamental importance to the teaching practice and determinant during the teaching-learning process.

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Didáticas do Alentejo constitui uma viagem pelo, rico e diverso, universo educacional do Alentejo, onde coexistem o rigor científico e as criatividade e inovação das instituições de ensino superior, os ambientes formais das escolas, os contextos não formais das instituições da sociedade civil e das famílias e as circunstâncias informais das ruas e dos largos. Em todos aqueles espaços e tempos vitais, os alentejanos aprendem e ali se edificam, como pessoas, profissionais e cidadãos, tornando-se autores das suas vidas individuais e do nosso destino coletivo.

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Breve nota introdutória ao conteúdo do livro pelos seus coordenadores (Bravo Nico & Lurdes Pratas Nico).

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O referido trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar o processo de alfabetização cartográfica nos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental, considerando a sua importância para o ensino da Geografia no ensino fundamental (Primeiro Ciclo), correlacionando-o com o conhecimento geográfico posterior da educação fundamental. Para tanto se tomou como estudo duas escolas em Florianópolis - SC, uma na área central da cidade e a outra no bairro do Ribeirão da Ilha na porção sul do município devido às características sociais e culturais de ambas serem distintas. Foram realizadas com os docentes do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental, entrevistas semiestruturadas; com base em um questionário abordando a temática da alfabetização cartográfica. Com os resultados das entrevistas foi possível avaliar o conhecimento que as professoras tinham a esse respeito. A pesquisa revelou que há algumas deficiências na abordagem da alfabetização cartográfica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental estas julgamos, a partir dos elementos da pesquisa, ser de ordem da formação dos professores e da capacitação destes profissionais.

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The field activities are essential for the education of a good taxonomist. The most common problems found in field activities are: a) large number of students, b) heterogeneous educational background and unlevelled knowledge of the participants, c) repetitions and tendency of collecting the more evidents life-forms. The causes and consequences of such problems are discussed herein. The proposed solution is a methodology, based on many years of experience in field courses for undergraduate and graduate courses. Topics about the ideal number of participants, area of coverage, period of activity, division of work and the necessary material and equipment are discussed. According to the number of species collected at the same place, this methodology may result in a list of local species with precise information about the life-forms, habitat, common names, frequency, uses, phenology and further information in this kind of work. The results of the aplication of this metodology in a field course held in the region of Ubatuba-SP are presented.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física