Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar com a utilização do desfibrilador externo semi-automático: avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem

Estudos demonstram que a sobrevida após uma parada cardíaca diminui 10% para cada minuto de atraso na desfibrilação, e que a taxa de sobrevivência é de 98% quando ela é conseguida em 30 segundos. No atendimento de uma parada cardíaca, é primordial que seja incluído no treinamento a utilização dos desfibriladores externos semi-automáticos (DEA). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a Habilidade Psicomotora e o Conhecimento Teórico de leigos na técnica da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) utilizando o DEA, antes e após treinamento. A amostra constituiu-se de 40 funcionários administrativos de uma instituição pública que receberam treinamento da técnica da RCP, utilizando o DEA, em laboratório. O aumento significativo de acertos nos itens do instrumento de avaliação da Habilidade Psicomotora e do Conhecimento Teórico, após o treinamento, indica que houve melhora no desempenho dos participantes.

Nursing workload in specialized Semi-intensive Therapy unit: workforce size criteria

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the nursing workload (NW) in Semi-intensive Therapy Unit, specialized in the care of children with Craniofacial anomalies and associated syndromes; to compare the amount of workforce required according to the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and the COFEN Resolution 293/04. METHOD Cross-sectional study, whose sample was composed of 72 patients. Nursing workload was assessed through retrospective application of the NAS. RESULTS the NAS mean was 49.5%. Nursing workload for the last day of hospitalization was lower in patients being discharged to home (p<0.001) and higher on the first compared to last day of hospitalization (p< 0.001). The number of professionals required according to NAS was superior to the COFEN Resolution 293/04, being 17 and 14, respectively. CONCLUSION the nursing workload corresponded to approximately 50% of the working time of nursing professional and was influenced by day and outcome of hospitalization. The amount of professionals was greater than that determined by the existing legislation.

A new species of Calloconophora Dietrich (Hemiptera, Membracidae) from the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil

A new species of treehopper, Calloconophora gaudencia sp. nov., from Araruna, Paraíba State, is described and illustrated.

Duas novas espécies de Enchenopa Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera, Membracidae) do semi-árido do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

Enchenopa eunicea sp. nov. e Enchenopa minuta sp. nov. (ambas de São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba, Brasil ) são descritas e ilustradas.

Breeding system and genetic variance in the monogamous, semi-social shrew, Crocidura russula

The population-genetic consequences of monogamy and male philopatry (a rare breeding system in mammals) were investigated using microsatellite markers in the semisocial and anthropophilic shrew Crocidura russula. A hierarchical sampling design over a 16-km geographical transect revealed a large genetic diversity (h = 0.813) with significant differentiation among subpopulations (F-ST = 5-6%), which suggests an exchange of 4.4 migrants per generation. Demic effective-size estimates were very high, due both to this limited gene inflow and to the inner structure of subpopulations. These were made of 13-20 smaller units (breeding groups), comprising an estimate of four breeding pairs each. Members of the same breeding groups displayed significant coancestries (F-LS = 9-10%), which was essentially due to strong male kinship: syntopic males were on average related at the half-sib level. Female dispersal among breeding groups was not complete (similar to 39%), and insufficient to prevent inbreeding. From our results, the breeding strategy of C. russula seems less efficient than classical mammalian systems (polygyny and male dispersal) in disentangling coancestry from inbreeding, but more so in retaining genetic variance.

III Simpósio Brasileiro de Captação de Água de Chuva no Semi-Árido - os Sistemas de Water Harvesting e sua Aplicação em Cabo Verde

A localização geográfica do arquipélago de Cabo Verde na zona saheliana entre as isoietas de 250 mm e 500 mm aproximadamente, aliada aos condicionalismos físicos, climáticos e económicos explicam em grande parte, os escassos recursos hídricos disponíveis. Devido ao caracter torrencial das chuvas, os resultados de aplicação das diferentes técnicas e sistemas de “water harvesting”, provaram no passado de que se tratam de tecnologias que podem contribuir para uma melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos. Por esta razão, deverão continuar a fazer parte dos programas de investigação aplicada, aperfeiçoadas e divulgadas no seio das comunidades rurais e nas áreas urbanas devido ao baixo custo do preço da água captada e as vantagens de caracter ambiental. Este trabalho faz uma abordagem sobre as tecnologias de aproveitamento de águas superficiais, com destaque para os sistemas de “water harvesting”, e discute as potencialidades do seu desenvolvimento em Cabo Verde.

Seasonality of insects in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil

Insects are essential to tropical ecosystems functioning. In semi-arid regions, the increase in abundance and/or activity (e.g. reproduction and foraging behavior) of insects is usually associated with climatic variables. The present study investigates which climatic variables are best predictors of insect abundance in an area of Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. Individuals were sampled for 24 months using Malaise and pitfall traps, and beating trays. A total of 58925 individuals belonging to 20 insect orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Hymenoptera, Diptera, Collembola and Coleoptera. Most orders studied showed a clear maximum abundance in the rainy season. Rainfall and humidity were the best predictors of insect abundance in the Caatinga. However, no climatic variable could explain Psocoptera and Blattodea variance in abundance/activity. Our results suggest that climatic changes associated with rainfall patterns in the Caatinga may affect ecosystem processes and services that depend direct or indirectly on insect abundance/activity.

Fick's law adapted to cationic diffusion in a semi-infinite solid: application to spinel megacrystals

In alkaline lavas, the chemical zoning of megacrystals of spinel is due to the cationic exchange between the latter and the host lava. The application of Fick's law to cationic diffusion profiles allows to calculate the time these crystals have stayed in the lava. Those which are in a chemical equilibrium were in contact with the lava during 20 to 30 days, whereas megacrystals lacking this equilibrium were in contact only for 3 or 4 days. The duration of the rise of an ultrabasic nodule in the volcanic chimney was calculated by applying Stokes' law.