Chemical characterization, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of jussara (Euterpe edulis) fruit from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil

Samples of fruit from the jussara palm plant (Euterpe edulis), collected in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina. Brazil, were analyzed for chemical composition. phenolic acids. anthocyanins, flavonoids and fatty acids profile. Results indicated that the jussara fruit has a high lipid content (18.45-44.08%), oleic acid (44.17-55.61%) and linoleic acid (18.19-25.36%) are the fatty acids found in the highest proportion, and other components were proteins (5.13-8.21%). ash (1.55-3.32%) and moisture (34.95-42.47%). Significant differences were found in the total phenolic, total monomeric anthocyanins and other flavonoids for the samples from the five cultivation regions. The fruit from region E harvested in summer, with high temperatures and medium altitudes, had the highest contents of total phenolics (2610.86 +/- 3.89 mg 100 g(-1) GAE) and monomeric anthocyanins (1080.54 +/- 2.33 mg 100g(-1) cy-3-glu). The phenolic compound included ferulic, gallic, hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids, as well as catechin, epicatechin and quercetin. The results show promising perspectives for the exploitation of this tropical fruit with a chemical composition comprising considerable phenolic acids and flavonoids compounds and showing activity antioxidant. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The clinical utility of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test as a screening test for mild dementia

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) could be used as a valid and reliable screening test for mild dementia in older people, and to compare its performance to that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Method. Using a cross-sectional design, we studied three groups of older subjects recruited from a district geriatric psychiatry service: (1) 26 patients with DSM-IV dementia and MMSE scores of 18 or better; (2) 15 patients with psychiatric diagnoses other than dementia; and (3) 15 normal controls. The relationship of each potential cutting point on the HVLT and the MMSE was examined against the independently ascertained DSM-IV diagnoses of dementia using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results. The subjects consisted of 21 (37.5%) males and 35 (62.5%) females with a mean age of 74.7 (SD 6.1) years and a mean of 8.5 (SD 1.8) years of formal education. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cutting point for detecting mild dementia in this group of subjects using the HVLT was 18/19 (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.80) and using the MMSE was 25/26 (sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.93). Conclusions. The HVLT can be recommended as a valid and reliable screening test for mild dementia and as an adjunct in the clinical assessment of older people. The HVLT had better sensitivity than the MMSE in detecting patients with mild dementia, whereas the MMSE had better specificity. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Age-related differences in physical activity levels of young adults

Purpose: To examine age-related differences in the physical activity behaviors of young adults. Methods: We examined rates of participation in vigorous- and moderate-intensity leisure-time activity and walking, as well as an index of physical activity sufficient for health benefits in three Australian cross-sectional samples, for the age ranges of 18-19, 20-24, and 25-29 yr. Data were collected in 1991, 1996, and 1997/8. Results: There was at least a 15% difference in vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity from the 18-19 yr to the 25-29 yr age groups, and at least a 10% difference in moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity. For the index of sufficient activity there was a difference between 9 and 21% across age groups. Differences in rates of walking were less than 8%. For all age groups, males had higher rates of participation for vigorous and moderate-intensity activity than did females, bur females had much higher rates of participation in walking than males. Age-associated differences in activity levels were more apparent for males. Conclusions: Promoting walking and various forms of moderate-intensity physical activities to young adult males, and encouraging young adult females to adopt other forms of moderate-intensity activity to complement walking may help to ameliorate decreases in physical activity over the adult lifespan.

Metabolic activation of aromatic amines by human pancreas

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that aromatic amines (and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons) may be carcinogenic for human pancreas, Pancreatic tissues from 29 organ donors (13 smokers, 16 non-smokers) were examined for their ability to metabolize aromatic amines and other carcinogens, Microsomes showed no activity for cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2-dependent N-oxidation of 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) or for the following activities (and associated P450s): aminopyrine N-demethylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation (P450 3A4); ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (P450 1A1) and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (P450 2B6); p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylation (P450 2E1); lauric acid omega-hydroxylation (P450 4A1); and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-1-butanol) (NNAL) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) alpha-oxidation (P450 1A2, 2A6, 2D6). Antibodies were used to examine microsomal levels of P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C8/9/18/19, 2E1, 2D6, and 3A3/ 4/5/7 and epoxide hydrolase. Immunoblots detected only epoxide hydrolase at low levels; P450 levels were <1% of liver. Microsomal benzidine/prostaglandin hydroperoxidation activity was low. In pancreatic cytosols and microsomes, 4-nitrobiphenyl reductase activities were present at levels comparable to human liver. The O-acetyltransferase activity (AcCoA-dependent DNA-binding of [H-3]N-hydroxy-ABP) of pancreatic cytosols was high, about two-thirds the levels measured in human colon. Cytosols showed high activity for N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid, but not of sulfamethazine, indicating that acetyltransferase-1 (NAT1) is predominantly expressed in this tissue. Cytosolic sulfotransferase was detected at low levels. Using P-32-post-labeling enhanced by butanol extraction, putative arylamine-DNA adducts were detected in most samples. Moreover, in eight of 29 DNA samples, a major adduct was observed that was chromatographically identical to the predominant ABP-DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-ABP. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that aromatic amines and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons may be involved in the etiology of human pancreatic cancer.

Study of the psychometric qualities of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) in Brazilian university students

Purpose: To perform a psychometric analysis of the Brazilian version of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS). Materials and methods: Hundred and seventy-eight university students of both genders aged on average 21.2 years and identified as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) cases and non-cases was studied, with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV being used as a parameter. The different instruments were applied in an individual manner in the presence of a rater and of an observer. Results: The BSPS showed adequate internal consistency (0.48-0.88) and concurrent and divergent validity with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (0.21-0.62), Social Phobia Inventory (0.24-0.82) and Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SSPS) (0.23-0.31). Discriminative validity revealed a sensitivity of 0.88-0.90 and a specificity of 0.81(0.83 for cut-off notes of 18/19. Factorial analysis demonstrated the presence of six factors that jointly explained 71.79% of data variance. Construct validity indicated some limits of the scale regarding the diagnosis of SAD. Inter-rater reliability was strong (0.86-1.00, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The BSPS is adequate for use with university students, although further studies in different cultures, samples and contexts are still necessary. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The spectrum of minimal defining sets of some Steiner systems

For a design D, define spec(D) = {\M\ \ M is a minimal defining set of D} to be the spectrum of minimal defining sets of D. In this note we give bounds on the size of an element in spec(D) when D is a Steiner system. We also show that the spectrum of minimal defining sets of the Steiner triple system given by the points and lines of PG(3,2) equals {16,17,18,19,20,21,22}, and point out some open questions concerning the Steiner triple systems associated with PG(n, 2) in general. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Aproveitar a vida, juventude e gravidez

Este artigo propõe demonstrar que a concepção de aproveitar a vida tem significados importantes no universo investigado. A expressão surgiu no contexto de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em Pelotas, durante os anos de 2001-2002, com 23 jovens de 18-19 anos que já tinham filho(s) e com 10 de suas mães. O objetivo inicial do estudo era compreender o contexto da gravidez na adolescência em jovens das camadas popular e média, pertencentes a um estudo de coorte de nascimento/1982. Durante o trabalho de campo, o conceito de aproveitar a vida ganhou grande destaque nas narrativas, ajudou a qualificar, classificar e, principalmente, justificar os comportamentos afetivo-sexuais juvenis. As análises demonstram que a juventude deve se posicionar na vida de uma forma proveitosa, endossando positivamente os seus valores sociais. A gravidez das jovens, para as mães, é vista como um dos efeitos da inconseqüência e da modernidade e, para as jovens da camada popular, como algo que estava previsto, favorecendo o menor controle parental. Para as jovens da camada média, a gravidez interrompe temporariamente ou inverte planos de trabalho e estudo, e afeta menos a sociabilidade das jovens, pois estas contam com maior estrutura econômica e familiar para seguir curtindo a vida.

The impact of exercise training on liver transplanted familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients

Liver transplantation is nowadays the only effective answer to adjourn the outcome of functional limitations associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by sensory and motor polyneuropathies. Nevertheless, there is a detrimental impact associated with the after-surgery period on the fragile physical condition of these patients. Exercise training has been proven to be effective on reconditioning patients after transplantation. However, the effects of exercise training in liver transplanted FAP patients have not been scrutinized yet.

Mini-Exame do Estado Mental: características psicométricas em idosos ambulatoriais

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características de medida do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental em idosos atendidos em um ambulatório geral. MÉTODOS: O total de 303 indivíduos (>65 anos) foi submetido à avaliação geriátrica com vários instrumentos, inclusive o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental. Foram calculadas a sensibilidade, a especificidade, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo e a curva ROC. RESULTADOS: A sensibilidade, a especificidade, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo e a área sob a curva ROC foram 80,8%, 65,3%, 44,7%, 90,7% e 0,807, respectivamente (ponto de corte 23/24). O melhor ponto de corte para indivíduos analfabetos foi 18/19 (sensibilidade =73,5%; especificidade =73,9%), e para aqueles com instrução escolar foi 24/25 (sensibilidade =75%; especificidade =69,7%). CONCLUSÕES: Para o rastreamento cognitivo de idosos atendidos em ambulatórios gerais pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, a escolaridade deverá ser considerada para a adoção do ponto de corte mais adequado.

A Brother or a Sister With CP. How Much it Makes a Difference in Childhood and Adulthood?

Every month we see to be published dozens of scientific papers about etiology and physiopathology of CP, imaging, treatment, survival, quality of life of patients and of mothers (just a few) and so on. Papers dealing with the feelings and the problems of siblings of children and adults with CP in the most important scientific journals are extremely rare. However in internet we can find the sites of the most important Cerebral Palsy Societies, like the British, the Australian and the American ones already devoting a special attention to the issue of siblings; we also can see several interesting blogs of parents sharing their experiences not only with the handicapped child but also with the siblings, even counseling some books written for children giving practical advices how to deal and live with a handicapped sibling. What was a surprise to me were the several sites of adults having a disabled sibling, frequently with CP, in a new situation: without parents to care them.

Novas utilizações das potencialidades BIM – apoio à medição de trabalhos realizados e produção de modelos as-built fiáveis e ricos em informação para a fase de manutenção

Congresso Construção 2012 - 4º Congresso Nacional/18, 19 e 20 Dezembro

Implementação BIM e integração com sistemas informáticos em empresas de construção. Estudo de caso

Congresso Construção 2012 - 4º Congresso Nacional/ 18, 19 e 20 Dezembro

Metodologia para suporte da colaboração na indústria AEC baseada em BIM e em interoperabilidade

Congresso Construção 2012 - 4º Congresso Nacional/18, 19 e 20 Dezembro

Aplicação de métodos moleculares ao diagnóstico de Giardia lamblia e de Entamoeba spp.

Entamoeba histolytica e Giardia lamblia são protozoários com distribuição mundial que frequentemente infectam o Homem, sendo causadores de elevada morbilidade associada com quadros de diarreia. Este estudo consistiu na utilização de métodos moleculares na detecção e identificação destes parasitas em amostras de fezes recebidas no Laboratório de Patologia Tropical do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (Lisboa, Portugal), no período decorrente entre Setembro de 2007 e Agosto de 2009. . Foi igualmente avaliada a eficácia e custo-benefício de um método alternativo de conservação para material biológico fecal – o papel de filtro, para subsequente extracção de DNA. Foram analisadas microscopicamente 80 amostras, 23,8 % (19/80) das quais positivas para Giardia e 27,5% (22/80) positivas para Entamoeba spp.. Através do método molecular da PCR, amplificou-se com sucesso DNA de Giardia para o gene ssurRNA em 94,7% (18/19) das amostras microscopicamente positivas. No que se refere às amostras positivas por exame microscópico para Entamoeba spp foi detectada E. dispar em 50,0% (11/22) das amostras após amplificação de parte do gene 16S rRNA. Adicionalmente foi também detectado DNA de E. histolytica em 20,0% (4/20) das amostras analisadas, microscopicamente negativas para Entamoeba spp.. Neste estudo realizou-se a genotipagem de G. lamblia utilizando parte dos genes bg (beta-giardina), tpi (triose-fosfato isomerase) e gdh (glutamato desidrogenase), que revelou haver 61,5% (8/13) dos isolados pertencentes ao genótipo B e 38,5% (5/13) do genótipo A. A determinação de subgenótipos através da análise de SNP’s para os 3 genes só foi possível para o gene bg do genótipo A, revelando 3 amostras correspondentes ao subgenótipo A2 e uma para o subgenótipo A3. Para os restantes genes não foi possível a determinação de subgenótipos devido à presença de polimorfismos genéticos para ambos os genótipos A e B. Realizou-se também a análise filogenética concatenada que apenas permitiu a integração de três amostras identificadas com o genótipo A no subgenótipo AII. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstram que a microscopia associada às técnicas moleculares possibilita a diferenciação das espécies do complexo Entamoeba favorecendo o correcto diagnóstico desta patologia e consequente tratamento. Para além disso, o uso dos métodos moleculares contribuiu para o esclarecimento e compreensão dos genótipos de Giardia em humanos. Neste estudo a utilização do método de conservação, papel de filtro apresentou um menor custo e elevada eficácia em relação aos métodos normalmente utilizados, conservação a -20ºC. Sugerindo a sua utilização com sucesso em estudos epidemiológicos em especial em zonas endémicas de condições precárias.