Sustainable refurbishment: quantifying the impact of façade changes in multi-storey, multi-occupancy buildings

Building refurbishment is key to reducing the carbon footprint and improving comfort in the built environment. However, quantifying the real benefit of a facade change, which can bring advantages to owners (value), occupants (comfort) and the society (sustainability), is not a simple task. At a building physics level, the changes in kWh per m2 of heating / cooling load can be readily quantified. However, there are many subtle layers of operation and mainte-nance below these headline figures which determine how sustainable a building is in reality, such as for example quality of life factors. This paper considers the range of approached taken by a fa/e refurbishment consortium to assess refurbishment solutions for multi-storey, multi-occupancy buildings and how to critically evaluate them. Each of the applued tools spans one or more of the three building parameters of people, product and process. 'De-cision making' analytical network process and parametric building analysis tools are described and their potential impact on the building refurbishment process evaluated.

Bringing the target to the cursor: proxy targets for older adults

Studies in the literature have proposed techniques to facilitate pointing in graphical user interfaces through the use of proxy targets. Proxy targets effectively bring the target to the cursor, thereby reducing the distance that the cursor must travel. This paper describes a study which aims to provide an initial understanding of how older adults respond to proxy targets, and compares older with younger users. We found that users in both age groups adjusted to the proxy targets without difficulty, and there was no indication in the cursor trajectories that users were confused about which target, i.e. the original versus the proxy, was to be selected. In terms of times, preliminary results show that for younger users, proxies did not provide any benefits over direct selection, while for older users, times were increased with proxy targets. A full analysis of the movement times, error rates, throughput and subjective feedback is currently underway.

Factors influencing the use of antitumoral chemotherapy in the South East of England

Influences on the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer within the South East region of England for patients diagnosed with colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer were investigated. The variables investigated as possibly influencing the selection of chemotherapy were the sex of the patients, their age, the year of diagnosis, the cancer site, the cancer stage, the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the cancer network of residence. Logistic regression used to adjust the proportion receiving chemotherapy in relation to other variables considered showed significant differences in the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy between different cancer sites and different networks. There was also a highly significant trend seen in use of chemotherapy over time; the adjusted proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increasing from 10.6% in 1993 to 24.3% in 2002. Age, stage and cancer site seemed to have the most influence on the use of chemotherapy.

Teacher’s leadership in web-based language courses in Dalarna University, Sweden

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss how teacher’s leadership can be used as a teaching method in web based language education. The environments that offer online courses provide a wide field for discussion on the contact between teacher and student. My intention is to contribute to the debate on teacher leadership in online courses. In my earlier studies on leadership, I have explored how some religious leaders affected different social movements in Brazil during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). Pruth (2004) by examining the three kinds of legitimacy described by Max Weber I aimed at seeing and analyzing how religious leaders used different teaching methods to explain their messages to ordinary citizens. Thus my research showed how educational leadership is a way to get people to reach their goals. I became interested in the subject teacher’s leadership whenI participated in a survey of the teaching methods of language courses in Dalarna University which is funded by the NGL Center of Dalarna University. In  this project, we have made interviews with the teachers, undertaken the course plans (in the language department at Dalarna University) and categorized the learning outcomes. A questionnaire was constructed based on the learning outcomes and then either sent out remotely to teachers or completed face to face through interviews. The answers provided to the questionnaires enabled the  project to identify many differences in how language teachers interact with their students but  also, the way of giving feedback, motivating and helping students, types of class activities and materials used. This made me aware of how teachers use their leadership or not in their teaching. My focus is to look at the relationship between teachers and students as an important part of the development and quality of online courses. The teacher's performance on campus is different from online courses. I want to understand how the contact between teachers and students in online courses develop and look at how students can make use of this contact and what influence the teacher's leadership has on the ability for the students to achieve the goals of their course

Fermentation characteristics of several carbohydrate sources for dog diets using the in vitro gas production technique

Fermentable carbohydrates are an important part of the canine diet. They can improve gastrointestinal health by modifying gut microbial population and metabolic activity. The present study compared the fermentation characteristics and kinetic patterns of 10 carbohydrate sources using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with dog faecal inoculum. The substrates tested were: pure cellulose (PC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sugar-cane fibre (SCF), beet pulp (BP), wheat bran (WB), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, yeast cell wall (YCW), ground psyllium seed (PS), pea hulls (PH). All substrates were incubated at 39°C under anaerobic conditions with faeces collected from dogs as microbial inoculum. Gas production of fermenting cultures was recorded and after 48 h, pH, shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) and organic matter disappearance (OMD) were determined. The results confirm high fermentation by dog faecal bacteria of FOS and inulin that produced high amounts of propionate and that underwent very rapid fermentation. Three substrates (SCF, CMC and PC) were not able to support bacterial growth, with low gas and SCFA production, and high BCFA formation. The PH and BP showed moderate OMD and SCFA production. Wheat bran B underwent rapid fermentation and generated a high proportion of butyrate. Psyllium seeds underwent slow fermentation with delayed gas production, supporting a high formation of SCFA, with an adequate amount of butyrate for bacterial growth while YCW, which showed a delayed fermentation, gave moderate SCFA production. The fermentation characteristics of PS and YCW suggest their potential use in promoting a more distal fermentation on intestinal tract. © Copyright S. Calabrò et al., 2013 Licensee PAGEPress, Italy.

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the brainstem

A pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a recently described tumor that occurs predominantly in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic region and is rarely found elsewhere. It has similar features as pilocytic astrocytomas, but has distinct histological characteristics and a poorer prognosis. A pilomyxoid astrocytoma is an aggressive tumor, and increased awareness is necessary with a suspect case. We present the first case of a pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the brainstem described after the newest World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. © F.O. Pereira et al., 2013. Licensee PAGEPress, Italy.

Efeito da ciclagem mecânica sobre a resistência de união de pinos intra-radiculares de fibra cimentados com resina à dentina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Arte e architettura : progetti di restauro e valorizzazione delle pitture murali a Rimini tra XIII e XIV secolo

Il progetto di percorso urbano ‘S’intende per restauro qualsiasi intervento volto a conservare e a trasmettere al futuro, facilitandone la lettura e senza cancellarne le tracce del passaggio nel tempo, le opere d’interesse storico, artistico e ambientale; esso si fonda sul rispetto della sostanza antica e delle documentazioni autentiche costituite da tali opere, proponendosi, inoltre, come atto d’interpretazione critica non verbale ma espressa nel concreto operare’ (G.Carbonara) Celate all’interno di edifici privati, ritrovate quasi sempre fortuitamente, ai più sconosciute, le pitture murali del Trecento riminese necessitano un processo di valorizzazione. Si tratta di portarle alla luce una seconda volta creando un percorso di riscoperta di queste opere nascoste, di cui raramente si è più sentito parlare dopo il clamore sollevato dalla mostra del 1935 organizzata da Brandi. Si parla quindi di un percorso conoscitivo. Un percorso urbano che tocchi i luoghi dove queste sono ancora conservate: l’antica chiesa di San Michelino in foro (oggi divisa tra più proprietari privati), la chiesa di Sant’Agostino, la cappella del campanile della chiesa di Santa Maria in Corte, la cappella del Crocifisso in San Nicolò al porto. Le chiese costituiranno le tappe di un percorso che si articolerà attraverso le strade medievali della città. Si verrà a creare quindi un percorso non solo alla scoperta delle pitture murali del XIII e XIV secolo, ma alla scoperta della Rimini del Trecento, delle sue vie, del suo sviluppo urbano. Si affronterà il problema del restauro delle pitture murali, ma sempre preoccupandosi della buona conservazione e del mantenimento del monumento nel suo insieme. Pittura murale e architettura sono, come sostiene Philippot, inscindibili: trattando una pittura murale, il restauratore tratta sempre e solo una parte di un insieme più vasto, che costituisce il tutto al quale egli si dovrà riferire, tanto dal punto di vista estetico e storico, quanto dal punto di vista tecnico . Per ogni chiesa si prevederà quindi, oltre al progetto di restauro della pittura, anche un progetto di fruizione dello spazio architettonico e di riconfigurazione dello stesso, quando necessario, ragionando caso per caso. Si è deciso di porre come origine del percorso l’antica chiesa di San Michelino. La motivazione di questa scelta risiede nel fatto che in questo edificio si è individuato il luogo adatto ad ospitare uno spazio espositivo dove raccontare la Rimini del Trecento. Uno spazio espositivo al servizio della città, con la progettazione del quale si cercherà di restituire unità agli ambienti dell’antica chiesa, oggi così frazionati tra troppi proprietari. Da San Michelino si continuerà verso la chiesa di Sant’Agostino, dove si trovano affreschi del Trecento riminese già molto noti e studiati. Ciò che si rende necessario in questo caso è la riconfigurazione architettonica e spaziale degli affreschi della parte bassa della cappella del campanile, staccati e trasferiti su pannelli negli anni ’70, oltre alla previsione di un sistema di monitoraggio degli affreschi stessi. La terza tappa del percorso sarà la chiesa di Santa Maria in Corte. Il ciclo di affreschi si trova all’interno della cappella del campanile, oggi chiusa al pubblico ed esclusa dallo spazio della chiesa dopo gli interventi barocchi. Abbiamo quindi pensato di proporre una soluzione che permetta una più agevole fruizione della cappella, progettando un’illuminazione e un percorso d’accesso adeguati. Più complesso è il caso di San Nicolò al porto, individuata come ultima tappa del percorso. Si tratta in questo caso della riconfigurazione di un intero isolato, che nel tempo ha perso totalmente il suo significato urbano riducendosi ad una sorta di spartitraffico. Qui si rendeva necessaria inoltre la progettazione di una nuova chiesa, presentando quella attuale seri problemi statici.