Improving decisions for invasive species management: Reformulation and extensions of the Panetta-Lawes eradication graph

Aim: Effective decisions for managing invasive species depend on feedback about the progress of eradication efforts. Panetta & Lawes. developed the eradograph, an intuitive graphical tool that summarizes the temporal trajectories of delimitation and extirpation to support decision-making. We correct and extend the tool, which was affected by incompatibilities in the units used to measure these features that made the axes impossible to interpret biologically. Location: Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Methods: Panetta and Lawes' approach represented delimitation with estimates of the changes in the area known to be infested and extirpation with changes in the mean time since the last detection. We retain the original structure but propose different metrics that improve biological interpretability. We illustrate the methods with a hypothetical example and real examples of invasion and treatment of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) and the guava rust complex (Puccinia psidii (Winter 1884)) in Australia. Results: These examples illustrate the potential of the tool to guide decisions about the effectiveness of search and control activities. Main conclusions: The eradograph is a graphical data summary tool that provides insight into the progress of eradication. Our correction and extension of the tool make it easier to interpret and provide managers with better decision support. �� 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Refining low-volume, high-concentration herbicide applications to control Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson (Siam weed) in remote areas

Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson (Siam weed) is a highly invasive plant and a high priority for control in north Queensland. It can be effectively treated using high-volume, groundbased herbicide spray equipment, but operational information shows that this control method becomes increasingly difficult in areas where vehicle access is prevented by rougher terrain. Low-volume, high-concentration herbicide applications have proven capable of causing high mortality in these remote situations. Two trials were undertaken between May 2010 and May 2012 to refine effective rates of aminopyralid/fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr and metsulfuron-methyl, only using low-volume, high-concentration applications on Siam weed. Fluroxypyr on its own was as effective as aminopyralid/fluroxypyr as both herbicides caused 95-100% mortality at overlapping rates containing 5 to 18.85 g a.i. L-1 of fluroxypyr. Metsulfuron-methyl caused 100% mortality when applied at 3 and 6 g a.i. L-1. Effective control was achieved with approximately 16 to 22 mL of the solutions per plant, so a 5 L mixture in a backpack could treat 170 to 310 adult plants. There are several options for treating Siam weed on the ground and the choice of methods reflects the area, plant density and accessibility of the infestation. Control information from Siam weed field crews shows that low volume, high concentration herbicide applications applied using a splatter gun are a more efficient method for controlling larger, denser remote infestations than physical removal. By identifying effective herbicides that are applied through low-volume equipment, these trials provide an additional and more efficient tool for controlling Siam weed in remote areas.

Contract with John Moore for building house on Mill Street

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Ambidextrous leadership and employees' self-reported innovative performance: The role of exploration and exploitation behaviors

The ambidexterity theory of leadership for innovation proposes that leaders' opening and closing behaviors positively predict employees' exploration and exploitation behaviors, respectively. The interaction of exploration and exploitation behaviors, in turn, is assumed to influence employee innovative performance, such that innovative performance is highest when both exploration and exploitation behaviors are high. The goal of this study was to provide the first empirical test of these hypotheses at the individual employee level. Results based on self-report data provided by 388 employees were consistent with ambidexterity theory, even after controlling for employee reports of their leaders' transformational and transactional leadership behaviors as well as employees' openness to experience, conscientiousness, and positive affect. The findings extend previous research on ambidexterity at the team and organizational levels and suggest a possible way for leaders to enhance employee self-reported innovative performance.

Warrant to pay John Moore for building house on Mill Street

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John Searlen teoria tietoisuudesta

Tutkielmassa esitell����n ja arvioidaan John Searlen teoriaa tietoisuudesta. Tietoisuus (consciousness) on Searlen mukaan t��rkein mielenfilosofinen k��site. Searle ei m����rittele k��sitett�� tarkasti, vaan tyytyy esitt��m����n sit�� kuvaavia esimerkkej�� ja analogioita. Tietoisuuden keskeisimmiksi ominaisuuksiksi Searlen teoriassa n��ytt��v��t muodostuvan intentionaalisuus (intentionality), subjektiivisuus (subjectivity) ja kausaalinen vaikutus k��ytt��ytymiseen (mental causation). N��ihin ominaisuuksiin liittyv��t my��s Searlen painavimmat tietoisuudesta esitt��m��t argumentit. Argumenttien analysointi on tutkielman t��rkein tavoite. Searlen yhteysperiaatteen (Connection Principle) mukaan intentionaalisia tiloja voi olla vain olennolla, jolla voi olla tietoisia intentionaalisia tiloja, ja jokainen alitajuinen intentionaalinen tila on ainakin potentiaalisesti tietoinen. Toisin sanoen intentionaalisuuden ja tietoisuuden v��lill�� vallitsee v��ltt��m��t��n yhteys seuraavasti: on loogisesti v��ltt��m��t��nt��, ett�� jokainen intentionaalinen tila voi ainakin periaattessa p����st�� tietoisuuteen.Tutkielmassa kuitenkin osoitetaan, ett�� yhteysperiaateeseen on syyt�� suhtautua ep��illen. Searlen yhteysperiaatteen puolesta esitt��m�� argumentti n��ytt���� nimitt��in sis��lt��v��n dilemman. Jos erottelu intrinsiseen ja n��enn��iseen intentionaalisuuteen tulkitaan Searlen tavoin, syyllistyt����n sen olettamiseen, mik�� pit��isi todistaa; jos taas erottelu tulkitaan toisin kuin Searle, argumentti ei tue yhteysperiaatetta. Searlen mukaan mentaaliset tilat ovat aina jonkun mentaalisia tiloja. T��st�� v��itteest�� Searle pyrkii johtamaan toisen, paljon radikaalimman v��itteen: mielen ilmi��t kuuluvat omaan ontologiseen kategoriaansa, subjektiivisten mentaalisten tilojen kategoriaan. Searlen k��sityst�� tukee Thomas Nagelin esitt��m��, hyvin samansis��lt��inen argumentti. Yksimielisyys ei kuitenkaan ole erehtym��tt��myyden tae, sill�� Paul Churchlandin kritiikki n��ytt���� pahasti horjuttavan Searlen subjektiivisuusargumentin uskottavuutta. Churchland v��itt���� Searlen syyllistyv��n intensionaaliseen virhep����telm����n. Yksitt��isen henkil��n episteemisen p����syn rajoittuneisuudesta ei Churchlandin mukaan voida tehd�� mit����n ontologisia johtop����t��ksi��, koska tiedetyksi tuleminen ei ole objektin aito ominaisuus. Vastav��ite n��ytt���� olevan kohtalokas Searlen subjektiivisuusargumentille. Subjektiivisuuden ongelma n��ytt���� olevan perustava metafyysinen vedenjakaja, joka jakaa mielenfilosofiset teoriat toisaalta materialistisiin, toisaalta dualistisiin. Searle uskoo, ett�� mieli-ruumis -ongelma (mind-body problem) on ratkaistavissa ilman, ett�� tarvitsee valita kumpaakaan. Ratkaisu sis��ltyy kahteen Searlen n��enn��isesti yhteensopimattomaan teesiin. Ensimm��isen teesin mukaan mentaaliset tilat ovat todellisia ilmi��it��, eik�� niit�� voida redusoida mihink����n muuhun tai eliminoida m����rittelem��ll�� ne uudestaan. Toisen teesin mukaan aivojen operaatiot aiheuttavat mentaaliset tilat ja mentaaliset tilat ovat aivojen piirteit��. Teeseist�� j��lkimm��inen osoittautuu ongelmalliseksi syist��, jotka Jaegwon Kim on esitt��nyt. Jos mentaaliset tilat olisivat aivojen ominaisuuksia, ei mielen ja aivojen v��linen suhde voisi olla kausaalinen, koska kausaatiossa (causation) on aina kyse kahden erillisen entiteetin tai tapahtuman v��lisest�� relaatiosta, jossa suhteen osapuolien v��lill�� on oltava ajallista et��isyytt��. Toiseksi Searlen vertaus tietoisuuden ja aivojen suhteesta kappaleen kiinteyden ja sen mikrorakenteen suhteeseen ep��onnistuu, koska tietoisuus ja kiinteys kuuluvat Searlen teoriassa eri ontologisiin kategorioihin, eik�� niit�� siten voi ongelmattomasti rinnastaa. Searlen analogia kiinteyteen murtuu my��s siksi, ett�� kappaleen mikrorakenne ei yksinkertaisesti aiheuta sen kiinteytt��. Tietoisuus ei siis voi olla samanaikaisesti aivojen ominaisuus ja aivojen kausaalisen toiminnan seuraus. Tutkielmassa p����dyt����n puolustamaan kantaa, ett�� Searlen argumentit eiv��t ole vakuuttavia ja ett�� Searle ei ole onnistunut eksplikoimaan teoriaa, joka v��ltt��isi dualismiin ja materialismiin liittyv��t tunnetut ongelmat. Kysymys mik�� on mielen suhde ruumiiseen, j���� siten avoimeksi. Avainsanat: intentionaalisuus, mentaalinen, mieli-ruumis -ongelma, Searle, subjektiivisuus, tietoisuus

Untitled (after Steven and John)

'Untitled (after Steven and John)' takes inspiration from Spielbergian tracking shots and Baldessarian collages to create ghostly apparitions that explore the affective power of the cinematic close up. By appropriating and obfuscating this common filmic convention, the work investigates the intersubjective potential of the moving image.

Clathrin-independent carriers form a high capacity endocytic sorting system at the leading edge of migrating cells

Although the importance of clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytic pathways has recently emerged, key aspects of these routes remain unknown. Using quantitative ultrastructural approaches, we show that clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) account for approximately three times the volume internalized by the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, forming the major pathway involved in uptake of fluid and bulk membrane in fibroblasts. Electron tomographic analysis of the 3D morphology of the earliest carriers shows that they are multidomain organelles that form a complex sorting station as they mature. Proteomic analysis provides direct links between CLICs, cellular adhesion turnover, and migration. Consistent with this, CLIC-mediated endocytosis of key cargo proteins, CD44 and Thy-1, is polarized at the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts, while transient ablation of CLICs impairs their ability to migrate. These studies provide the first quantitative ultrastructural analysis and molecular characterization of the major endocytic pathway in fibroblasts, a pathway that provides rapid membrane turnover at the leading edge of migrating cells.

Book Review: "The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945-1975", John Harwood, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011

Within the history of twentieth-century design, there are a number of well-known objects and stories that are invoked time and time again to capture a pivotal moment or summarize a much broader historical transition. For example, Marcel Breuer���s Model B3 chair is frequently used as a stand-in for the radical investigations of form and new industrial materials occurring at the Bauhaus in the mid-1920s. Similarly, Raymond Loewy���s streamlined pencil sharpener has become historical shorthand for the emergence of modern industrial design in the 1930s. And any discussion of the development of American postwar ���organic design��� seems incomplete without reference to Charles and Ray Eames���s molded plywood leg splint of 1942. Such objects and narratives are dear to historians of modern design. They are tangible, photogenic subjects that slot nicely into exhibitions, historical surveys, and coffee-table best sellers...

Pragmatismi poliittisena filosofiana. Yksil�� ja yhteis�� John Deweyn ajttelussa

John Dewey (1859-1952) oli yhdysvaltalainen filosofi, pedagogi ja julkinen keskustelija, jonka ajattelu on merkitt��v��sti vaikuttanut pragmatismina tunnetun filosofisen suuntauksen kehittymiseen. T��ss�� Pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan Devveyn poliittista filosofiaa ja ajattelua. Tarkoituksena on selvitell��, millaista on Devveyn poliittinen filosofia ja voiko h��nen pragmatistinen poliittinen filosofiansa tarjota jotain mielenkiintoista my��s t��m��n p��iv��n poliittisen filosofian kent��lle. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan Devveyn esitt��m���� kritiikki�� klassista liberalismia ja individualismia kohtaan, Devveyn omaa poliittisen filosofian projektia sek�� sen kohtaama kritiikki�� ja arvioidaan Devveyn poliittista filosofiaa yleisesti. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat muun muassa Devveyn k��sitykset yksil��st��, valtiosta, demokratiasta, vallasta ja tiedosta. Ensisijaisena l��hteen�� tutkielmassa on Devveyn koottujen teosten sarja vuosilta 1882-1953, ennen kaikkea 1920-30-lukujen tuotanto. Lis��ksi l��hteen�� on useita tuoreita artikkeleita sek�� kommentaareja. Keskeisin l��yt�� tutkielmassa on, ett�� Devveyn poliittisen filosofian oleellinen piirre on "anti-essentialismi", eli huomion siirt��minen pois jostain oletetuista yksil��iden ja ryhmien olemuksista tai sis��isest�� luonnosta niiden v��lisiin suhteisiin ja n��iden ilmauksiin. T��h��n liittyen Devveyn poliittisen filosofian keskeiseksi l��ht��kohdaksi osoittautuu perinteisen yksil��-yhteis�� jaottelun kyseenalaistaminen. Tutkielma tarjoaa laajan katsauksen Devveyn poliittiseen ajatteluun sek�� pragmatistiseen poliittiseen filosofiaan.

Macroscopic Transport of Mega-ampere Electron Currents in Aligned Carbon-Nanotube Arrays

We demonstrate that aligned carbon-nanotube arrays are efficient transporters of laser-generated megaampere electron currents over distances as large as a millimeter. A direct polarimetric measurement of the temporal and the spatial evolution of the megagauss magnetic fields (as high as 120 MG) at the target rear at an intensity of (10(18)-10(19)) W/cm(2) was corroborated by the rear-side hot electron spectra. Simulations show that such high magnetic flux densities can only be generated by a very well collimated fast electron bunch.