999 resultados para Representações em nível teórico-conceitual
Resumo:
Este trabalho de investigação constitui uma aproximação sociológica no âmbito da saúde internacional e no contexto da sociologia da saúde, em particular da saúde dos migrantes, relativamente às suas representações e práticas de saúde e de doença. O objecto de investigação centra-se na análise das questões sobre a saúde e a doença dos imigrantes a partir de uma perspectiva sociológica. O estudo teve como principal objectivo compreender – através de relatos pessoais – a forma como os indivíduos entendem a saúde e a doença no campo das representações sociais de saúde e analisar os seus comportamentos em termos das suas práticas de saúde e de doença. Pretendeu-se estabelecer uma análise comparativa dos dados de forma a fazer sobressair semelhanças e/ou divergências das representações e das práticas de saúde e de doença dos entrevistados. A nossa intenção era verificar se elas se deviam a factores socioeconómicos, a factores culturais e de identidade étnica, ou à combinação de ambos. No plano teórico, o trabalho aqui apresentado enquadra-se em várias áreas das Ciências Sociais, (sociologia da saúde, sociologia das migrações e antropologia da saúde). A hipótese geral centrava-se na ideia de que as representações e as práticas de saúde e de doença destes imigrantes se inscreviam num quadro particular onde apareciam interferências do carácter cultural e da pertença étnica. Estas dimensões podiam no entanto, variar consoante os contextos socioeconómicos. A hipótese pressupunha que os imigrantes apresentariam perfis distintos no que se refere à autoavaliação e percepção do estado de saúde, às representações, crenças e atitudes face à saúde e à doença, às experiências e comportamentos, aos estilos de vida e às práticas de saúde e percursos de doença. O estudo foi efectuado junto de uma amostra de 40 indivíduos cabo-verdianos da «primeira geração» em Portugal, mais precisamente os que residem na região de Lisboa, a qual para efeitos de análise foi dividida em diferentes grupos: grupo social (grupo popular e grupo de elite), geração (mais jovens e mais velhos) e género (homens e mulheres), (20 pessoas em cada grupo). Optámos por uma metodologia qualitativa através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas para recolha da informação. O tratamento dos dados consistiu na análise de conteúdo temática das entrevistas e na identificação de diferenças e semelhanças entre e intra cada um dos subgrupos. A análise dos resultados comprova a existência de diferenças entre os grupos sociais relativamente às representações e práticas de saúde e de doença. Elas foram determinadas mais pelos factores socioeconómicos do que pelos aspectos culturais e de etnicidade. Essas diferenças fizeram também sobressair dois tipos de visão: uma cosmopolita e outra existencial. Na primeira estamos perante uma visão mais articulada ao mundo e que se relaciona com as ideias expressas pelo grupo de elite e na segunda uma visão existencial, mais ligada às condições materiais de existência e que corresponde às representações feitas pelo grupo popular. Foi demonstrado que os indivíduos mais velhos do grupo popular encaravam a saúde e a doença de forma semelhante ao «modelo biomédico», enquanto os do grupo de elite iam mais ao encontro do «modelo biopsico- social». As representações de saúde e de doença traduziram-se em definições que foram desde o orgânico ao social. O primeiro correspondia ao discurso do grupo popular que restringia mais a saúde a aspectos fisiológicos e o segundo ao do grupo de elite, que encarava a saúde e a doença enquanto fenómenos mais globais e externos aos indivíduos. Também se evidenciou, quando da análise dos dados, ao nível dos subgrupos de género e geração no seio do mesmo grupo social, que as diferenças eram menos evidentes entre eles do que as que encontrámos quando comparámos os subgrupos separadamente por grupos sociais distintos. Quanto ao grupo estudado, apesar da heterogeneidade verificada entre os seus membros, particularmente no que se refere aos factores socioeconómicos, observou-se que existia um aspecto unificador decorrente das suas heranças culturais. Em geral, os indivíduos sobrevalorizaram a sua identidade étnica e a cultura de origem comum. A pertença a grupos sociais diferentes, mas a uma mesma cultura e identidade, dá origem a uma partilha do sentimento de pertença cultural, mas não a comportamentos e práticas idênticos. Pretende-se, por fim, contribuir para o conhecimento dos imigrantes enquanto cidadãos e indicar a necessidade de reajustar as estruturas de saúde às transformações multiculturais, que neste momento são vividas a rápidos ritmos de mudança.
Resumo:
Procurou-se desenvolver um referencial teórico para o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual de sistema de informações estratégico-administrativo de apoio à decisão, com base na análise sociotécnica estruturada. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar os fatores ambientais que influenciam o processo decisório de parlamentares e assessores na Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal. Como resultado, foram obtidas as relações entre organização, ambiente e dados, representadas graficamente, em um modelo conceitual de um sistema de informações gerenciais (SIG), para acompanhamento sistemático das informações que influenciam o contexto de atuação dos atores responsáveis pelo processo legislativo local.
Resumo:
O trabalho procura mapear e interpretar o processo de formação de caixa decompondo e analisando as atividades que contribuem para liberar ou retirar recursos do fluxo de caixa. Procura também avançar no problema da determinação do nível ótimo de liquidez que deve ser mantido pelas empresas.
Resumo:
Este trabalho trata da aplicação de uma abordagem instrucional centrada nos aspectos conceituais, visando uma aprendizagem eficaz e significativa de situações físicas no Ensino Médio. O objetivo da metodologia aqui empregada é priorizar conceitos físicos em relação a instrumentos (como, por exemplo, a Matemática), que devem ter a conotação apenas de ferramentas, ou de coadjuvantes, no contexto do ensino de Física no Nível Médio. Como referencial teórico para o desenvolvimento dessa metodologia é utilizada a teoria dos campos conceituais de Vergnaud. A proposta é desenvolver um material instrucional que possa servir como texto de apoio na abordagem conceitual do Eletromagnetismo. Este material foi aplicado no decorrer do 3º trimestre do ano de 2003 aos 22 alunos da turma 3A do Colégio Estadual Piratini e, posteriormente durante o 2o bimestre, aos 20 alunos das turmas de 6º semestre da Escola Técnica em Saúde do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Como avaliação da aplicação dessa proposta pode-se citar que os alunos mostraram-se mais seguros no momento de aplicar os conceitos, quando da confecção dos experimentos, e menos ansiosos no momento formal da prova avaliativa, demonstrando uma maior motivação quando apresentados ao Eletromagnetismo contextualizado em situações do seu dia-a-dia. Acredita-se que tenha ocorrido uma aprendizagem mais significativa do Eletromagnetismo por ter sido este abordado com uma maior ênfase na parte conceitual. O produto educacional produzido neste trabalho de conclusão compreende o material didático impresso preparado para o desenvolvimento desta metodologia e entregue para os alunos, bem como os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados (Anexos A a F). Como complemento, é apresentado um CD com o objetivo de facilitar o acesso ao material instrucional e incluir as animações desenvolvidas pela autora usando o software Flash MX.
Resumo:
A pesquisa consiste em um estudo qualitativo sobre as representações do Brasil e dos brasileiros em sites da Internet gerados no exterior. A partir da hipótese de que as representações de brasilidade, desde há muito, estão ligadas ao mito fundador do Brasil, busca-se discutir como se constroem representações a respeito da identidade brasileira em tempos de mundialização da cultura, quando as narrativas, através de mídias como a Internet, crescentemente circulam em nível global. A discussão proposta encontra nas obras de Castells (1999; 2003), Hall (2002), Chauí (1986; 2000) e DaMatta (1993; 1994; 1996) os principais interlocutores para a formação de seu referencial teórico. A investigação propôs três objetivos distintos: a identificação das imagens utilizadas e veiculadas pelos sites para narrar a brasilidade; a verificação de como se constroem as representações a respeito do Brasil e dos brasileiros em suas narrativas verbais e visuais e, finalmente, a identificação dos elementos do mito fundacional presentes nessas representações. A análise do material empírico, realizada através de uma análise textual crítica baseada na semiologia barthesiana, permitiu verificar que, embora a brasilidade representada nos sites contenha elementos de ambigüidade e contradição, tais representações apontam predominantemente para a utilização de formas mitológicas de representação do Brasil e dos brasileiros. Ao circularem na Internet, tais representações atualizam a mitologia verde-amarela que representa o Brasil como país de riqueza natural e o brasileiro como povo pacífico, hospitaleiro, alegre e sensual.
Resumo:
E ste trabalho relata uma experiência de inserção do ensino da teoria da Relatividade Especial com alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A aplicação do projeto em sala de aula foi parte integrante das atividades curriculares normais dos alunos, em duas escolas, uma localizada no município de São Jerônimo-RS, Colégio Cenecista Carlos Maximiliano, e outra localizada no município de Triunfo-RS, Escola Técnica Municipal Farroupilha. Foi elaborado um texto para os alunos, contendo a base histórica e conceitual do tema, além de um manual de auxílio aos professores. O texto dos alunos contempla os principais fatos históricos, desde Aristóteles até as conclusões de Albert Einstein, que levaram à construção da Relatividade Especial em 1905. São tratados os conceitos de simultaneidade, dilatação temporal, contração do comprimento, adição de velocidades e energia relativística. A experiência é avaliada, principalmente através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos, antes e após a aplicação do projeto. Também foi feita uma análise de alguns livros de Física do ensino médio, sobre o tratamento dado à teoria da Relatividade Especial. O trabalho foi embasado na teoria de desenvolvimento humano histórico-cultural de Vygotsky e na teoria de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel e Novak. Acreditamos ter mostrado que é possível incluir o tratamento regular da teoria da Relatividade Especial em escolas de nível médio, contemplando assim os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais que apontam para uma ênfase à Física contemporânea.
Resumo:
This dissertation is the result of an ethnographic journey undertaken in three spiritual centers of Umbanda , located in different districts of Natal/RN. The aim of the study was to understand how the representations of exus (spirit category) are established in the studied religious environment. In order to study this, mythical narratives of songs and of people were analyzed. In addition, the incorporated spirit entities, loaded with codes and values, were possible to be read and understood. The present work was developed according to a theoretical and methodological approach that interprets culture as a constant construction process, with representations and significations. The empirical research focuses on the ethnographic observations and the narratives; providing the experimentation of the models of discursive dialogues and polyphony. It was observed that the studied empirical field is marked by the cult of the Jurema which influences the mythical construction of exus . Therefore, this study enabled a reflection on the meeting of notions of two distinct worlds ( Umbanda and Jurema ). This reflection is crucial to the understanding of the position that exus occupy in the local umbandista system
Resumo:
The aim of the present study was to identify the representational elements of workrelated accidents in the health field, as well as investigate their most frequent occurrences at a university hospital, seeking to understand the cognitive, affective and social elements subjacent to the work process involved in health. The analysis focused on 470 middle and senior support staff of this hospital, based on the theoretical-methodological support of the Social Representations Theory. A combination of the following instruments was used for data collection: a free wordassociation test, a questionnaire, an interview and a field journal. Evoc 2000 software was used to identify representational structure. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, at a significance level of 5%, were performed to verify the association between the independent variables and the occurrence of work accidents. In addition, thematic content analysis and lexicographic analysis by ALCESTE software program were used to understand textual content. It was observed that social representations of work-related accidents in the health area are centered in the contamination category, while the categories of prevention and professional unpreparedness are found peripherally. There was a significant association between the existence of multiple employment, the use of personal protective equipment (PPI) during work, job satisfaction and the occurrence of work accidents. The conclusions indicate that perforating-cutting occupational accidents predominated in the hospital and that the representations of the subjects intertwined, with a traditional discourse of work accidents strongly present in Occupational Health. It is therefore suggested that certain subjective aspects related to culture, in terms of controlling work accidents, such as: management, process, organization and the increasing precariousness
Resumo:
In the last three decades, the subject of the teacher's social identity has been discussed under various theoretical focuses, not only in Brazil, but also beyond our borders. In this thesis, the theme is approached starting from the theoretical proposal that has been developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1994), which is strongly based in the epistemological approach between Pierre Bourdieu’s praxiology and the Theory of the Social Representations formulated by Serge Moscovici. It presupposes that this would make it easier to apprehend the process of construction of social identity of the investigated social group. The universe of the research is constituted by teachers of the fundamental teaching of the municipal district of Maracanaú, state of Ceará, that were active in class-room work there during at least three years, and were registered or had concluded the Course of Educational Formation promoted by UECE in that municipal district. Taking into account that the teacher's social identity is a process in permanent construction, resulting of their daily experiences and of the interferences originated from of the social context, the investigative tasks were implemented in two different stages, although they complement each other. Initially, with the objective of putting in evidence the genesis of the formation of that group’s habitus, an analysis of the family and school lives of eleven teachers who participated in the course was made, using as main sources of data: thematic memorials, semi-structured interviews and observations - inside and out of the class-room – during four school semesters. In the second stage a test of free association of words was applied to 426 teachers, seeking to apprehend the structure of the social representations of family and school – a methodological strategy considered necessary to enhance and identify certain outlines of the habitus in study, besides being in agreement with the theoretical model followed. It became evident from the results that the identity of Maracanaú’s teachers is molded and transformed into a multifaceted dynamic unit that shows successes and mistakes, certainties and doubts. For instance, besides an innovative speech seeking to reassure that teaching is a profession and not a simple vocation or mission, some discourse and attitudes are identified that point to the opposite direction, extolling the school as extension of the family, defending a parental relationship with the students, and looking at certain aspects of daily school life as “sacramental”. However, in the light of science such ambiguities and incoherences are inherent to common sense discourse, where the influences of the patterns and cultural references are present in the process of identity construction of the group, which was confirmed by the research of their social representations of family and school
Resumo:
This work aims to analyze the historical and epistemological development of the Group concept related to the theory on advanced mathematical thinking proposed by Dreyfus (1991). Thus it presents pedagogical resources that enable learning and teaching of algebraic structures as well as propose greater meaning of this concept in mathematical graduation programs. This study also proposes an answer to the following question: in what way a teaching approach that is centered in the Theory of Numbers and Theory of Equations is a model for the teaching of the concept of Group? To answer this question a historical reconstruction of the development of this concept is done on relating Lagrange to Cayley. This is done considering Foucault s (2007) knowledge archeology proposal theoretically reinforced by Dreyfus (1991). An exploratory research was performed in Mathematic graduation courses in Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The research aimed to evaluate the formation of concept images of the students in two algebra courses based on a traditional teaching model. Another experience was realized in algebra at UFPA and it involved historical components (MENDES, 2001a; 2001b; 2006b), the development of multiple representations (DREYFUS, 1991) as well as the formation of concept images (VINNER, 1991). The efficiency of this approach related to the extent of learning was evaluated, aiming to acknowledge the conceptual image established in student s minds. At the end, a classification based on Dreyfus (1991) was done relating the historical periods of the historical and epistemological development of group concepts in the process of representation, generalization, synthesis, and abstraction, proposed here for the teaching of algebra in Mathematics graduation course
Resumo:
In the last three decades, the subject of the teacher's social identity has been discussed under various theoretical focuses, not only in Brazil, but also beyond our borders. In this thesis, the theme is approached starting from the theoretical proposal that has been developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1994), which is strongly based in the epistemological approach between Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology and the Theory of the Social Representations formulated by Serge Moscovici. It presupposes that this would make it easier to apprehend the process of construction of social identity of the investigated social group. The universe of the research is constituted by teachers of the fundamental teaching of the municipal district of Maracanaú, state of Ceará, that were active in class-room work there during at least three years, and were registered or had concluded the Course of Educational Formation promoted by UECE in that municipal district. Taking into account that the teacher's social identity is a process in permanent construction, resulting of their daily experiences and of the interferences originated from of the social context, the investigative tasks were implemented in two different stages, although they complement each other. Initially, with the objective of putting in evidence the genesis of the formation of that group s habitus, an analysis of the family and school lives of eleven teachers who participated in the course was made, using as main sources of data: thematic memorials, semi-structured interviews and observations - inside and out of the class-room during four school semesters. In the second stage a test of free association of words was applied to 426 teachers, seeking to apprehend the structure of the social representations of family and school a methodological strategy considered necessary to enhance and identify certain outlines of the habitus in study, besides being in agreement with the theoretical model followed. It became evident from the results that the identity of Maracanaú s teachers is molded and transformed into a multifaceted dynamic unit that shows successes and mistakes, certainties and doubts. For instance, besides an innovative speech seeking to reassure that teaching is a profession and not a simple vocation or mission, some discourse and attitudes are identified that point to the opposite direction, extolling the school as extension of the family, defending a parental relationship with the students, and looking at certain aspects of daily school life as sacramental . However, in the light of science such ambiguities and incoherences are inherent to common sense discourse, where the influences of the patterns and cultural references are present in the process of identity construction of the group, which was confirmed by the research of their social representations of family and school
Resumo:
This thesis is resulted of a research on propagated the social representations of constructivism in the Internet, which as had estimated basic the idea of Moscovici (1961) of that the media it has determinative paper in the popularization of the scientific theories, in formation e propagation of the social representations and in the construction of behaviors human beings. Understanding the Internet as latest space of circulation of social communications, therefore, privileged field (and still not explored) for studies of social representations, we choose this half midiático as investigative field of our research, it if it constitutes in the "great ocean of the new informational planet" (LEVY, 2000, p. 126), besides making possible the interaction with different forms of images, different individuals, different ' world ', configuring itself as important space of symbolic production e of analysis of the representational process in the world contemporary. Based in these questions, we trace as objective to analyze the circulating speech propagated on-line on the constructivism, searching to apprehend the social representations shared the respect. This objective was constructed in face of the insertion of the theory constructivist in the educational way has two decades more than, as well as of its consolidation as reference in different social contexts, mainly in midiático. The question that directed the research was: as this theory obtains to penetrate in some layers of our society, to influence the world readings e the behaviors of different people? That modifications it suffers in this trajectory and which the paper of the Internet in this process? The corpus of the research was constituted of the substances on the theory found in the Internet, in pages in Portuguese of Google, in the period of 27 of July of 2004 the 17 of August of 2004. The data they had been analyzed on the basis of the project of analysis of content elaborated for Moscovici (1961) and in the estimated theoreticians of the social communication, in special of the hypermedia. The results had disclosed that the Internet participates of determinative form in the process of popularization of the constructivism theory, not only spreading out its estimated theoretician- methodological for the domain public (diffusion), but propagating positive beliefs and images of its postulates (propagation) and using them it service of interests politicians e financiers (propaganda). The popularization of the constructivism in the Internet and social representations of this theory propagated configure one process in which the theory passes of pedagogical theoretical landmark for grief, assuming a commercial character extremely and the status of solution for problems of the education and the society, stirring up attitudes and behaviors in public, most general possible, that comes to take care of to the interests politicians e marketing. Recognizing the diversity, the permanent renewal of information and the negotiation of directions gifts in the Internet, as well as the innumerable ones forms of access to the information found by it, we consider results of the research as fruits of the inherent characteristics to this way midiático, to the time where we call the attention for relativity these results, for the plasticity of knowing them and sensible propagated on-line e for the great challenge that the hypermedia imposes to the study of communication phenomena, of the social representations and in educational quarrels and for the necessity of new research that they investigate the forms of socialization of the information and communication propitiated by hypermedia and its implications in the construction of the symbolic universes and in practical social
Resumo:
We present here the results of a study whose objectives were to identify the social representation of being a professor of early childhood education in Campina Grande - PB, in the public state and municipal levels, and detect structural diagrams of a possible mental habitus of professorial faculty of education child, which would form the basis for the construction of this representation. As a theoretical base, we adopted the model developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1998, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2011), which articulates the Theory of Social Representations, Serge Moscovici, and the foundations and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu praxiology. It is based also on the Central Nucleus Theory, which focuses on the structural approach of social representations. Thus, puts in evidence the relational dynamics and symbolic, through which individuals come into contact, describe, understand and reproduce the outside world in his image and likeness. 199 teachers participated in the study of child care and pre-schools of Campina Grande - PB and 109 of the state. The methods and techniques used were: a) participant observation of everyday life of teachers of kindergartens and preschools, b) semi-structured interview, c) free associations of words with inducing the expression 'being a professor of early childhood education is ...' and d) semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the case of interviews through the categorical content analysis, as proposed by Bauer (2010); free-associations, using the software Ensemble L'Analyse des Programmes Permettant evocations (EVOC), developed by Vergès (2002), which combines frequency and average order of recall (or association) and the questionnaire data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was verified the existence of a unique social representation shared by the population studied, but its content is structured differently. For local teachers, the centrality of the content is given by the elements commitment, dedication, responsibility, and rewarding teachers for this state revolves around the elements of love, patience, and rewarding responsibility. However, it is constructed mainly based on the related produced by a religious habitus and maternal habitus, which are part of the genesis of the establishment of professorial habitus in focus, among other cultural references of secondary influence. We conclude that a teacher of early childhood education actually researched, is materialized in the practices of educating and caring, in a clear fusion of the role of teacher and mother
Resumo:
The study investigated the possibility of organizing a didactics unit for formation of hability of identifying and explaining the popular traditional games in the process of licensed formation in physical education. Had basic premised, the thesis formulated by Piorte Yakovleviche Galperin that the fundamental condition that mode determines the student s way of thinking and the theoretical structures thought. Is given by the method of organization activity that form the basis of guiding skills assimilates from this assumption the study defended the thesis that the contents of popular traditional games can be organizeds according the systemic functional-structural focus. As a method to plan a didactics unit that contributes to development of theoretical thought and the professional development of graduates in physical education. In this sense the general goal was studied and develop a training proposal of ability to identify and explain the popular traditional games for physical education teachers oriented to contribute to the development of theoretical thought. In the construction process of the thesis in a first moment was determined the invariant conceptual of popular traditional games from the method of analysis of activity, after was organized the content of popular traditional games according to the structural-functional systems revealing the essential properties elements and levels of relationship.These procedures provided to the construction elements of the concept popular traditional games, and was the basis for planning a didactical unit to the formation of ability to study. These strategies enable to build a set of prepositions to argue, as a result of the increases in the knowledge of the professional formation in physical education. The study was introduced the fallowing contributions; formulated a teaching proposal to develop the ability to identify popular traditional games, as a cultural and historical contribution and the development of an individual, in initial formation of physical education teacher, attuned to the demands of training and use of knowledge that requires this level of education, defined and organized the knowledge of popular traditional games , this enables a teaching able to raise the cognitive abilities and the theoretical concept of personality of graduated in physical education
Resumo:
The study investigated the possibility of organizing a didactics unit for formation of hability of identifying and explaining the popular traditional games in the process of licensed formation in physical education. Had basic premised, the thesis formulated by Piorte Yakovleviche Galperin that the fundamental condition that mode determines the student s way of thinking and the theoretical structures thought. Is given by the method of organization activity that form the basis of guiding skills assimilates from this assumption the study defended the thesis that the contents of popular traditional games can be organizeds according the systemic functional-structural focus. As a method to plan a didactics unit that contributes to development of theoretical thought and the professional development of graduates in physical education. In this sense the general goal was studied and develop a training proposal of ability to identify and explain the popular traditional games for physical education teachers oriented to contribute to the development of theoretical thought. In the construction process of the thesis in a first moment was determined the invariant conceptual of popular traditional games from the method of analysis of activity, after was organized the content of popular traditional games according to the structural-functional systems revealing the essential properties elements and levels of relationship.These procedures provided to the construction elements of the concept popular traditional games, and was the basis for planning a didactical unit to the formation of ability to study. These strategies enable to build a set of prepositions to argue, as a result of the increases in the knowledge of the professional formation in physical education. The study was introduced the fallowing contributions; formulated a teaching proposal to develop the ability to identify popular traditional games, as a cultural and historical contribution and the development of an individual, in initial formation of physical education teacher, attuned to the demands of training and use of knowledge that requires this level of education, defined and organized the knowledge of popular traditional games , this enables a teaching able to raise the cognitive abilities and the theoretical concept of personality of graduated in physical education