Vigilância da peste no Estado do Ceará: 1990-1999

As atividades de vigilância sorológica da peste nos focos do Estado do Ceará detectaram elevação do número de animais indicadores/sentinela com anticorpos antipestosos a partir de 1995, com pico em 1997 evidenciando aumento da circulação do bacilo pestoso em todos os focos investigados. De um total de 110.725 amostras de soro obtidas de roedores (7.873) e carnívoros domésticos (102.852) analisadas pela técnica de hemaglutinação (HA) para detecção de anticorpos contra o antígeno F1 da Yersinia pestis, 905 revelaram-se positivas, sendo 15 de roedores (4 Rattus rattus e 11 Galea spp), 720 de cães e 170 de gatos. Dos 652 casos humanos suspeitos e contatos investigados apenas dois foram positivos pela HA e um terceiro paciente foi positivo por hemocultura. A cepa isolada revelou-se altamente patogênica para animais de laboratório e mostrou sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos usados no tratamento dos doentes.

Les systèmes politico-constitutionnels des États Africains de Langue Portugaise

In, Révue Française de Droit Constitutionnel, nº 73, Janvier 2008

Polarization in the chilean party system: changes and continuities, 1990-1999

The focus of this thesis is the evolution of programmatic polarization in the post-authoritarian Chilean party system at the elite level. It shows the distance/proximity between parties located along the left-right ideological continuum on three sets of issues. The paper demonstrates that important changes have taken place in the meaning of the right and, especially, left poles. This implies convergence on socio-economic issues between parties, but persistence of differences on religious-value issues, and on issues related to the authoritarian/democratic cleavage. Distance between the poles has been reduced, and as a result the center has lost its own political space. In addition, the paper shows that the pattern followed by programmatic polarization at the elite level is explained by the authoritarian experience, the institutional framework, and socio-economic transformations. Together with this factors, the degree of negotiability of the issues and the cross-cutting nature of the cleavages have also shaped polarization.

Mr John [Llewellyn] Lewis, président du syndicat des mineurs des Etats-Unis : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56990

Abortion trends 1990-1999 in a Swiss region and determinants of abortion recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess age- and nationality-specific trends in abortion rates over the last decade, and to describe women's characteristics, identifying risk factors for repeated abortion. METHODS: From 1990-1999, the Health Department of Canton Vaud (Switzerland) received 13'857 abortion requests from residents aged 14-49. Population data were obtained to compute rates. RESULTS: Both the number of abortions (1400 annually) as well as their rate (8.9 per thousand women [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.3-10.5]) were stable over the decade in question. The rate of abortion for foreign women, especially from ex-Yugoslavia and Africa, was twice that for Swiss women. Half of the requests came from single women, 43% had a low education level, and half were childless. The main reason for requesting termination of pregnancy was psychosocial (93%). The mean gestational age was 7.7 weeks (SD +/- 2.3), but 96% of requests were submitted before 12 weeks. Sixty-three percent of women reported that they had used no contraception, 36% the condom and 17% the pill. Among requests, the adjusted risk of repeated abortion (22% of abortion candidates) was greater among divorced/separated/widowed women (odds ratio [OR] 1.9 [95% CI 1.5-2.4]), unemployed women (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.5-2.1]), and those who had not attended university (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.1-2.2]). CONCLUSIONS: Although Swiss law only permitted abortion under strict conditions, this procedure was widely available in Vaud, which nevertheless has one of the lowest rates worldwide. Efforts must be intensified to ensure universal access to family planning services, especially for foreign women and adolescents. Professionals should also target "repeaters" to provide personalised counselling.

La voix de M. Alexandre Ribot, Président du Conseil des ministres : discours sur l'entrée en guerre des Etats-Unis

[Discours]

Le soutien aux autorités lors des votations fédérales de 1971 à 1999 dans les cantons suisses

Cet article vise à expliquer les variations inter-cantonales du succès des autorités ainsi que du soutien populaire qui leur est accordé en votation fédérale entre 1971 et 1999. A cette fin, l'auteur cherche à intégrer deux courants de recherches dans un cadre d'analyse unique en déterminant l'impact respectif des mots d'ordre des partis politiques et des facteurs socio-structurels sur le résultat de vote ainsi que leur effet conjugué. L'analyse empirique, qui est situé au niveau cantonal, est réalisée à l'aide d'une régression logistique et d'un modèle d'équations structurelles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le caractère alémanique, catholique et agraire d'un canton se traduit par une réticence face à la politique des autorités, qui peut s'amplifier selon le type juridique de la votation et l'enjeu politique soumis au vote. Plus qu'ailleurs, les partis politiques de ces cantons s'alignent cependant fermement derrière la recommandation de vote des autorités et exercent, de ce fait, un effet atténuateur qui contribue au nivellement des disparités inter-cantonales. Ces résultats suggèrent ainsi que les partis politiques cantonaux réussissent, dans une certaine mesure, à contrôler le résultat de vote par le biais d'une concertation accrue durant la phase référendaire.