Ultrastructure of head organs (anterior adhesive apparatus) and posterior secretory systems of Caballeria liewi Lim, 1995 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae)

Caballeria liewi Lim, 1995, uses adhesive secretions from the head organs and posterior secretory systems to assist in locomotion and attachment. Ultrastructural investigations show that the head organs of C. liewi consist of three pairs of antero-lateral pit-like openings bearing microvilli and ducts leading from two types of uninucleated gland cells (located lateral to the pharynx), one type producing rod-like (S1) bodies with an electron-dense matrix containing less electron-dense vesicles and the second type producing oval (S2) bodies with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix. Interlinking band-like structures are observed between S1 bodies and between S2 bodies. S1 body is synthesised in the granular endoplasmic reticulum, transported to a Golgi complex to be packaged into vesicles and routed into ducts for exudation. The synthesis of the S2 body is unresolved. Haptoral secretions manifested externally as net-like structures are derived from dual electron-dense (DED) secretory body produced in the peduncular gland cells. The DED body consists of a less electron-dense oval core in a homogeneous electron-dense matrix. On exocytosis into the pyriform haptoral reservoir, DED bodies are transformed into a secretion with two types of inclusions (less electron-dense oval and electron-dense spherical inclusions) in an electron-dense matrix. The secretions are further transformed (as small, oval, electron-dense bodies) when transported to the superficial anchor grooves, and on exudation into the gill tissues, the secretions become an electron-dense matrix. Secretory bodies associated with uniciliated structures, anchor sleeves and marginal hooks are also observed.

Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers, partitioning and processing in air-soil-plant systems using a microcosm apparatus. Part I:Microcosm development

A microcosm system was developed to investigate transfers of organic xenobiotics in air-soil-plant systems. This was validated using ¹⁴C labelled 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) as a model compound. Trapping efficiency was 106 ± 3% for volatile compounds and 93.0 ± 2.2% for carbon dioxide in a blank microcosm arrangement. Recovery of 1,2-dichlorobenzene spiked to grassed and unplanted soils was > 90% after 1 week. The predominant DCB loss process was volatilisation with no evidence for mineralisation over 1 week and 20-30% of the added spike remained in soil. Although there was no evidence for root uptake and translocation of added label, foliar uptake of soil volatilised compound was detected. The microcosm showed good potential for study of ¹⁴C labelled and unlabelled organic xenobiotic transfers in air-soil-plant systems with single plants and also intact planted cores.

Besnoitia besnoiti and Toxoplasma gondii: two apicomplexan strategies to manipulate the host cell centrosome and Golgi apparatus

Besnoitia besnoiti and Toxoplasma gondii are two closely related parasites that interact with the host cell microtubule cytoskeleton during host cell invasion. Here we studied the relationship between the ability of these parasites to invade and to recruit the host cell centrosome and the Golgi apparatus. We observed that T. gondii recruits the host cell centrosome towards the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), whereas B. besnoiti does not. Notably, both parasites recruit the host Golgi apparatus to the PV but its organization is affected in different ways. We also investigated the impact of depleting and over-expressing the host centrosomal protein TBCCD1, involved in centrosome positioning and Golgi apparatus integrity, on the ability of these parasites to invade and replicate. Toxoplasma gondii replication rate decreases in cells over-expressing TBCCD1 but not in TBCCD1-depleted cells; while for B. besnoiti no differences were found. However, B. besnoiti promotes a reorganization of the Golgi ribbon previously fragmented by TBCCD1 depletion. These results suggest that successful establishment of PVs in the host cell requires modulation of the Golgi apparatus which probably involves modifications in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. These differences in how T. gondii and B. besnoiti interact with their host cells may indicate different evolutionary paths.

1.° Guidonis de Baysio, Archidiaconi Bononiensis, apparatus in librum sextum Decretalium. — 2.° Guillelmi de Mandagoto, Archidiaconi Nemausensis, tractatus de electionibus Praelatorum ; una cum glossis

Colbertinus

1.° Joannis Monachi, Cardinalis, apparatus super sexto libro Decretalium. — 2.° Joannis Andreae, Bononiensis, apparatus in Clementinas

Colbertinus

1.° Joannis Andreae apparatus in librum sextum Decretalium. — 2.° Joannis Monachi apparatus in eumdem librum. — 3.° Dyni, Florentini, apparatus de regulis juris in Sexto

Colbertinus

domini Dyni de Mugello, Florentini, apparatus super titulo de regulis juris in Sexto

Colbertinus

1.° Joannis Andreae apparatus super Clementinis. — 2.° Clementinarum textus. — 3.° Guillelmi de Monte-lauduno apparatus super Clementinis : ad calcem subjiciuntur Joannis XXII. tres constitutiones

Colbertinus

1.° Guillelmi de Monte-lauduno apparatus super Clementinis et super prima, secunda et tertia Extravagantibus Joannis XXII. — 2.° Ejusdem sacramentale ad amicum suum Pontium de Villamuro. — 3.° Berengarii, Biterrensis Episcopi, libellus de sententia Excommunicationis et Interdicti ; sive casus totius juris in quibus excommunicatio incurritur ipso facto : item casus in quibus universitas vel civitas subjiciuntur, ipso jure, interdicto ecclesiastico

Colbertinus

Receipt from the Bell Telephone Co. for telephone apparatus at Ontario Street

Receipt from the Bell Telephone Co. for telephone apparatus at Ontario Street, Jan 9, 1887.