The recoil transfer chamber - An interface to connect the physical preseparator TASCA with chemistry and counting setups

Performing experiments with transactinide elements demands highly sensitive detection methods due to the extremely low production rates (one-atom-at-a-time conditions). Preseparation with a physical recoil separator is a powerful method to significantly reduce the background in experiments with sufficiently long-lived isotopes (t1/2≥0.5 s). In the last years, the new gas-filled TransActinide Separator and Chemistry Apparatus (TASCA) was installed and successfully commissioned at GSI. Here, we report on the design and performance of a Recoil Transfer Chamber (RTC) for TASCA—an interface to connect various chemistry and counting setups with the separator. Nuclear reaction products recoiling out of the target are separated according to their magnetic rigidity within TASCA, and the wanted products are guided to the focal plane of TASCA. In the focal plane, they pass a thin Mylar window that separates the ∼1 mbar atmosphere in TASCA from the RTC kept at ∼1 bar. The ions are stopped in the RTC and transported by a continuous gas flow from the RTC to the ancillary setup. In this paper, we report on measurements of the transportation yields under various conditions and on the first chemistry experiments at TASCA—an electrochemistry experiment with osmium and an ion exchange experiment with the transactinide element rutherfordium.

Pollen analysis of soil samples from the A.D. 79 level. Boscoreale, Oplontis, and Pompeii

Fifty samples of Roman time soil preserved under the thick ash layer of the A.D.79 eruption of Mt Vesuvius were studied by pollen analysis: 33 samples from a former vineyard surrounding a Villa Rustica at Boscoreale (excavation site 40 x 50 m), 13 samples taken along the 60 m long swimming pool in the sculpture garden of the Villa of Poppaea at Oplontis, and four samples from the formal garden (12.4 x 17.5 m) of the House of the Gold Bracelet in Pompeii. To avoid contamination with modern pollen all samples were taken immediately after uncovering a new portion of the A.D. 79 soil. For comparison also samples of modern Italian soils were studied. Using standard methods for pollen preparation the pollen content of 15 of the archaeological samples proved to be too little to reach a pollen sum of more than 100 grains. The pollen spectra of these samples are not shown in the pollen tables. (Flotation with a sodium tungstate solution, Na2WO4, D = 2.05, following treatment with HCl and NaOH would probably have given a somewhat better result. This method was, however, not available as too expensive at that time.) Although the archaeological samples were taken a few meters apart their pollen values differ very much from one sample to the other. E.g., at Boscoreale (SW quarter). the pollen values of Pinus range from 1.5 to 54.5% resp. from 1 to 244 pine pollen grains per 1 gram of soil, the extremes even found under pine trees. Vitis pollen was present in 7 of the 11 vineyard samples from Boscoreale (NE quarter) only. Although a maximum of 21.7% is reached, the values of Vitis are mostly below 1.5%. Even the values of common weeds differ very much, not only at Boscoreale, but also at the other two sites. The pollen concentration values show similar variations: 3 to 3053 grains and spores were found in 1 g of soil. The mean value (290) is much less than the number of pollen grains, which would fall on 1 cm2 of soil surface during one year. In contrast, the pollen and spore concentrations of the recent soil samples, treated in exactly the same manner, range from 9313 to almost 80000 grains per 1 g of soil. Evidently most of the Roman time pollen has disappeared since its deposition, the reasons not being clear. Not even species which are known to have been cultivated in the garden of Oplontis, like Citrus and Nerium, plant species with easily distinguishable pollen grains, could be traced by pollen analysis. The loss of most of the pollen grains originally contained in the soil prohibits any detailed interpretation of the Pompeian pollen data. The pollen counts merely name plant species which grew in the region, but not necessarily on the excavated plots.

Cooperation in the knowledge transfer process: evidence from the demand side in Mexico

This paper presents the results of the analysis focused on scientific-technological KT in four Mexican firms and carried out by the case study approach. The analysis highlights the use of KT mechanisms as a means to obtain scientific-technological knowledge, learning, building S&T capabilities, and achieve the results of the R&D and innovation by firms.

Are pharmacological randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to real-life asthma populations? : A protocol for an UNLOCK study from the IPCRG

Funding The IPCRG provided funding for this research project as an UNLOCK Group study for which the funding was obtained through an unrestricted grant by Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland. Novartis has no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. This study will include data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and is undertaken in collaboration with Optimum Patient Care and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group.

Kinetics of photo-induced electron transfer from high-potential iron-sulfur protein to the photosynthetic reaction center of the purple phototroph Rhodoferax fermentans.

The kinetics of photo-induced electrontransfer from high-potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) to the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of the purple phototroph Rhodoferarfermentans were studied. The rapid photooxidation of heme c-556 belonging to RC is followed, in the presence of HiPIP, by a slower reduction having a second-order rate constant of 4.8 x 10(7) M(-1) x s(-1). The limiting value of kobs at high HiPIP concentration is 95 s(-1). The amplitude of this slow process decreases with increasing HiPIP concentration. The amplitude of a faster phase, observed at 556 and 425 nm and involving heme c-556 reduction, increases proportionately. The rate constant of this fast phase, determined at 425 and 556 nm, is approximately 3 x 10(5) s(-1). This value is not dependent on HiPIP concentration, indicating that it is related to a first-order process. These observations are interpreted as evidence for the formation of a HiPIP-RC complex prior to the excitation flash, having a dissociation constant of -2.5 microM. The fast phase is absent at high ionic strength, indicating that the complex involves mainly electrostatic interactions. The ionic strength dependence of kobs for the slow phase yields a second-order rate constant at infinite ionic strength of 5.4 x 10(6) M(-1) x s(-1) and an electrostatic interaction energy of -2.1 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J). We conclude that Rhodoferar fermentans HiPIP is a very effective electron donor to the photosynthetic RC.

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1982 : Mr. Rodino, from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted the following report together with additional and dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 6514) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office).

"September 28, 1982."

Reorganization plan no. 23 of 1950 : providing for transfer of the financing of factory-built homes from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Housing and Home Finance Administratator : report.

Also in Congressional serial volume 11369.

Human factors aspects of the transfer of control from the automated highway system to the driver /

"July 1995."

Captain's Cuellar's adventures in Connacht & Ulster A.D. 1588 : a picture of the times, drawn from contemporary sources : To which is added an introduction and complete translation of Captain Cuellar's Narrative of the Spanish Armada and his adventures in Ireland /

Based on the author's paper published in the Ulster journal of archeology, v.1, pt.3, April 1895 under title: Spanish Armada in Ulster and Connacht.

A treatise on the game of chess. Containing games of odds, various openings of even games, different methods of winning and drawing the game. Also, numerous critical situations on diagrams. To which are added, the art of playing without seeing the board, and an account of the most celebrated chess players of his time. First published in 1617, by D. Pietro Carrera. Tr. from the Italian, with additional notes and remarks by W. Lewis.

Mode of access: Internet.

A letter to the Right Honourable Henry Lord Viscount Cornbury : occasioned by a letter from His Lordship to the Vice-chancellor of Oxford in convocation : to which is prefix'd His Lordship's letter.

Signed: Oxford Feb. 9th. 1750-51. Some Oxford Electors.

Letters to and from the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D. : to which are added, some poems never before printed /

Publisher statement in v. 2: Printed for Messrs. G. Burnet, R. Moncrieffe ... [and 7 others].

The pilgrim's progress from this world to that which is to come. Delivered under the similitude of a dream. In two parts. ... A new edition, divided into chapters. With the life of the author. To which are added explanatory and practical notes, by the Rev. Messrs. Mason, Scott, and Burder. Also, a key to the allegory, with a critique on its beauties. Embellished with elegant engravings, designed by Richard Westall, R.A.

Pages [3],276-496 contain his: The Pilgrim's progress ... Part the second... New York, l822, with special title page.

Early history of the University of Pennsylvania from its origin to the year 1827.

Mode of access: Internet.

Cobbett's complete collection of state trials and proceedings for high treason, and other crimes and misdemeanor from the earliest period to the present time ... from the ninth year of the reign of King Henry, the Second, A.D.1163, to ... [George IV, A.D.1820]

Includes supplement (General index to the Collection of state trials..)