Explaining voting behaviour on free votes: Solely a matter of preference?

While studies examining free votes find MPs’ preferences influence their voting behaviour, most studies also show MPs tend to divide along party lines even after the whips have been withdrawn. Recent work offers a possible alternative explanation for this finding: this sustained party cohesion represents the impact of MPs’ party identification similar to party identification effects in the electorate. This argument is tested using a series of free votes on same-sex relations. Even after controlling for preferences using several direct measures, party continues to shape voting behaviour. Although indirect, this provides evidence in favour of the party-asidentification argument. 

Stated preference methods and landscape ecology indicators: an example of transdisciplinarity in landscape economic valuation

This paper addresses the representation of landscape complexity in stated preferences research. It integrates landscape ecology and landscape economics and conducts the landscape analysis in a three-dimensional space to provide ecologically meaningful quantitative landscape indicators that are used as variables for the monetary valuation of landscape in a stated preferences study. Expected heterogeneity in taste intensity across respondents is addressed with a mixed logit model in Willingness to Pay space. Our methodology is applied to value, in monetary terms, the landscape of the Sorrento Peninsula in Italy, an area that has faced increasing pressure from urbanization affecting its traditional horticultural, herbaceous, and arboreal structure, with loss of biodiversity, and an increasing risk of landslides. We find that residents of the Sorrento Peninsula would prefer landscapes characterized by large open views and natural features. Residents also appear to dislike heterogeneous landscapes and the presence of lemon orchards and farmers' stewardship, which are associated with the current failure of protecting the traditional landscape. The outcomes suggest that the use of landscape ecology metrics in a stated preferences model may be an effective way to move forward integrated methodologies to better understand and represent landscape and its complexity.

Cegueira congénita na construção da realidade biofísica e psicossocial

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral comparar a representação mental da realidade em crianças cegas congénitas, com a construção mental da realidade em crianças videntes, ao frequentarem o mesmo contexto de aprendizagem no Ensino Básico da Escola Regular (EBER). Esta comparação visou os seguintes objetivos específicos: (i) caracterizar as representações mentais construídas pelas crianças cegas congénitas a frequentar o EBER, (ii) comparar as representações mentais construídas pelas crianças cegas congénitas com as representações mentais construídas pelas crianças videntes, (iii) caracterizar as representações mentais que as crianças cegas congénitas constroem acerca da sua integração no EBER e (iv) caracterizar as representações mentais que os alunos videntes constroem acerca da integração das crianças cegas no EBER. O enquadramento teórico centrou-se nos conceitos de cegueira, desenvolvimento infantil e representações mentais. Metodologicamente, optámos por um design de estudos de caso múltiplos, com múltiplas unidades de análise. Para a recolha de dados recorremos a (i) entrevistas, (ii) conversas informais, (iii) questionário sociométrico e (iv) análise documental. Os resultados sugerem (i) ausência de diferenças significativas entre o grupo de sujeitos cegos congénitos e o grupo de videntes na identificação de estímulos de natureza percetual, (ii) ausência de diferenças significativas na riqueza, na complexidade e no total, entre as representações mentais evocadas por cegos congénitos e as representações mentais evocadas por videntes, (iii) ausência de diferenças significativas na natureza das informações entre as representações mentais evocadas por cegos congénitos e as representações mentais evocadas por videntes, (iv) ausência de diferenças significativas entre cegos congénitos e videntes, no número de preferências recebidas, no valor relativo tendo em consideração as ordens das preferências recebidas e no número de preferências recíprocas, (v) os videntes emitiram significativamente mais preferências que os respetivos pares cegos congénitos e (vi) o número de preferências emitidas pelos cegos congénitos está significativa e inversamente relacionado com as diferenças entre a riqueza, a complexidade e o total das representações mentais de cegos congénitos e videntes.

Looking behaviour and preference for artworks: The role of emotional valence and location

The position of an item influences its evaluation, with research consistently finding that items occupying central locations are preferred and have a higher subjective value. The current study investigated whether this centre-stage effect (CSE) is a result of bottom-up gaze allocation to the central item, and whether it is affected by item valence. Participants (n=50) were presented with three images of artistic paintings in a row and asked to choose the image they preferred. Eye movements were recorded for a subset of participants (n=22). On each trial the three artworks were either similar but different, or were identical and with positive valence, or were identical and with negative valence. The results showed a centre-stage effect, with artworks in the centre of the row preferred, but only when they were identical and of positive valence. Significantly greater gaze allocation to the central and left artwork was not mirrored by equivalent increases in preference choices. Regression analyses showed that when the artworks were positive and identical the participants’ last fixation predicted preference for the central art-work, whereas the fixation duration predicted preference if the images were different. Overall the result showed that item valence, rather than level of gaze allocation, influences the CSE, which is incompatible with the bottom-up gaze explanation. We propose that the centre stage heuristic, which specifies that the best items are in the middle, is able to explain these findings and the centre-stage effect.

Modelling health state preference data using fixed and random effects models

The use of preference-based measures of health in the measurement of Health Related Quality of Life has become widely used in health economics. Hence, the development of preference-based measures of health has been a major concern for researchers throughout the world. This study aims to model health state preference data using a new preference-based measure of health (the SF- 6D) and to suggest alternative models for predicting health state utilities using fixed and random effects models. It also seeks to investigate the problems found in the SF-6D and to suggest eventual changes to it.

On Investor Preferences and Mutual Fund Separation

We extend Cass and Stiglitz’s analysis of preference-based mutual fund separation. We show that high degrees of fund separation can be constructed by adding inverse marginal utility functions exhibiting lower degrees of separation. However, this method does not allow us to find all utility functions satisfying fund separation. In general, we do not know how to write the primal utility functions in these models in closed form, but we can do so in the special case of SAHARA utility defined by Chen et al. and for a new class of GOBI preferences introduced here. We show that there is money separation (in which the riskless asset can be one of the funds) if and only if there is a fund (which may not be the riskless asset) with a constant allocation as wealth changes.

Effects of Social Media Platform Preference: a Country Comparison of Online University Reputations

Managing an online reputation is critical to higher education. Universities cannot afford to lose enrolment numbers by neglecting to monitor, control, promote and enhance their online presence. It is critical that universities measure their social media reputation scores and presence on the web, as well as those of their competitors. Universities need to continuously review their social engagement strategy and online reputation to ensure they maximize all opportunities to maintain, and improve student enrolment and retention. Universities have embraced social media to enhance their brand reputation. This study examines the use of social media and its effects from a global perspective. It analysed 90 universities in three geographical areas to assess the impact and level of online social media, especially as it relates to “university brand reputation.” Results of the study indicated there was a wide variation among the three geographical regions, and within countries in the three geographical regions. Use of social media communication tools such as Twitter and Google+ by active users also varied widely depending upon country and region.

Os textos de ciências na disciplina de PLNM : uma abordagem baseada em género

Tese de doutoramento, Linguística (Linguística Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2016

Analysis of zooplankton species composition and depth-based habitat preference in Nootka Sound, B.C., Canada

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Privatization and government preference in a public Stackelberg leader duopoly

We analyse the relationship between the privatization of a public firm and government preferences for tax revenue in a Stackelberg duopoly with the public firm as the leader. We assume that the government payoff is given by a weighted sum of tax revenue and the sum of consumer and producer surplus. We get that if the government puts a sufficiently larger weight on tax revenue than on the sum of both surpluses, it will not privatize the public firm. In contrast, if the government puts a moderately larger weight on tax revenue than on the sum of both surpluses, it will privatize the public firm.