959 resultados para Political parties -- Pennsylvania


Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

To assess the impact of electoral systems on voting turnout, cross-national studies can be usefully complemented by studies of turnout in local elections in countries using more than one electoral system at that level. In this article, we look at data from a 1998 survey of Swiss municipalities to revisit the findings of our earlier study. This previous study, based on a 1988 survey, concluded, in particular, that there exists a positive relationship between proportional representation elections, party politicization, and voter turnout. The moment is opportune since, in the interval, turnout has markedly declined in Swiss municipalities, as elsewhere. By testing whether municipalities with proportional representation voting were more or less successful in stemming the decline, we learn more about the relationship among these three phenomena. We use the results for those Swiss municipalities which participated in both surveys as our primary source.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Abstract: Schisms in politics or political parties?

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Abstract: Happy days for everyone? Finnish political parties' advertising on television in the 1990s

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Issue ownership theory argues that when a voter considers a party to be the most competent amongst others to deal with an issue (that is, the party "owns" the issue), chances are the voter will vote for that party. Recent work has shown that perceptions of issue ownership are dynamic: they are affected by the media coverage of party messages. However, based on the broad literature on partisan bias, we predict that parties' efforts to change issue ownership perceptions will have a difficult time breaching the perceptual screen created by a voter's party preference. Using two separate experiments with a similar design we show that the effect of partisan issue messages on issue competence is moderated by party preference. The effect of issue messages is reinforced when people already like a party, and blocked when people dislike a party.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El artículo aborda el estudio de las estrategias desarrolladas por los partidos políticos españoles frente a los procesos de formación de gobierno en el ámbito estatal. A partir de la discusión de los objetivos perseguidos por los partidos, se analizan las estrategias dirigidas a reducir los costes y aumentar los beneficios en dichos procesos. Así, se observa que la ausencia de gobiernos de coalición en España es el resultado de cálculos estratégicos, que desmienten los supuestos comúnmente aceptados por las teorías formales de las coaliciones políticas.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este artículo centra su atención en la producción legislativa en los períodos de gobierno minoritario, a partir de la cual se deducen algunas características de los pactos parlamentarios que sustentan al ejecutivo. Los datos referentes a las iniciativas tramitadas en el legislativo indican que el partido que gobierna es el autor de la práctica totalidad de iniciativas aprobadas. Los partidos de la oposición apenas consiguen sacar adelante algunas proposiciones y enmiendas, siempre y cuando dispongan mejoras de carácter más bien técnico. Sin embargo, los partidos que apoyan al partido mayoritario sí llegan a ver sancionada alguna proposición suya de mayor calado político, así como enmiendan parcialmente las leyes de los presupuestos generales, por ejemplo. Con todo, de la producción legislativa se conocen más las iniciativas que separan a los integrantes de los pactos parlamentarios, que no las medidas acordadas. Las primeras no suelen ser sancionadas, pero sí son tramitadas porque sirven como herramienta de presión de los partidos que apoyan al gobierno; las segundas ya quedan incluidas en los proyectos de ley, fruto de una negociación previa a los trámites parlamentarios. En suma, según se desprende de los datos generales disponibles, la existencia de ejecutivos minoritarios no implica una pérdida significativa del protagonismo legislador del gobierno.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Convergència Democratica de Catalunya (CDC) és un partit que, des del punteng de vista ideològic, s'ha d'etiquetar com a partit nacionalista, ja que allò que el defineix, tant des d' una òptica interna com des de l'exterior del partit, és el nacionalisme. Els orígens i els fonaments del nacionalisme de CDC cal buscar-los en el nacionalisme personalista de Jordi Pujol i, en general, en el seu pensament polític, l'aplicació del qual s'ha fet en quatre fases acumulatives: la de "fer país", la de "fer política", la de "fer partit" (aquestes tres explicitades pel mateix Jordi Pujol) i la que I'autor anomena "fer govern". I pel que fa al concepte de nació que defensa CDC, s'hi pot percebre la influència de Rovira i Virgili i de Prat de la Riba. CDC i Jordi Pujol no defensen un nacionalisme ideològic, sinó un nacionalisme entès com una ètica i, a més, globalitzador, ès a dir, sense exclusions previes i integrador. Sovint s'ha considerat que CDC més que un partit és un moviment, però I'autor s'inclina per qualificar CDC com un catch-allparty o partit arreplegador o, com el mateix Jordi Pujol diu, un "partit de gent".

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

[cat] Aquest article vol refutar la hipòtesi que els partits decideixen sistemes electorals majoritaris i que decideixen també mantenir-los invariables, sempre que el sistema de partits s"aproximi al bipartidisme i cap dels dos grans partits pugui perdre la seva posició a favor d"un nou competidor. De manera inversa, els sistemes electorals proporcionals són la conseqüència del multipartidisme, en el qual cap partit té opcions de rebre la majoria dels vots. El cas valencià, però, confirma només parcialment la hipòtesi: els partits van aprovar el 1982 regles proporcionals perquè les eleccions dels parlaments autonòmics eren considerades secundàries, no només pel multipartidisme existent aleshores. En canvi, sí que es confirma que el canvi iniciat el 2006 amb la reforma estatutària manté, de moment, l"status quo per no alterar la formació de majories parlamentàries. Encara queda pendent, però, que es modifiqui la Llei Electoral, de la qual depèn quin mínim de vots per entrar a les Corts s"establirà.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Recent studies have started to use media data to measure party positions and issue salience. The aim of this article is to compare and cross-validate this alternative approach with the more commonly used party manifestos, expert judgments and mass surveys. To this purpose, we present two methods to generate indicators of party positions and issue salience from media coverage: the core sentence approach and political claims analysis. Our cross-validation shows that with regard to party positions, indicators derived from the media converge with traditionally used measurements from party manifestos, mass surveys and expert judgments, but that salience indicators measure different underlying constructs. We conclude with a discussion of specific research questions for which media data offer potential advantages over more established methods.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Convergència Democratica de Catalunya (CDC) és un partit que, des del punteng de vista ideològic, s'ha d'etiquetar com a partit nacionalista, ja que allò que el defineix, tant des d' una òptica interna com des de l'exterior del partit, és el nacionalisme. Els orígens i els fonaments del nacionalisme de CDC cal buscar-los en el nacionalisme personalista de Jordi Pujol i, en general, en el seu pensament polític, l'aplicació del qual s'ha fet en quatre fases acumulatives: la de "fer país", la de "fer política", la de "fer partit" (aquestes tres explicitades pel mateix Jordi Pujol) i la que I'autor anomena "fer govern". I pel que fa al concepte de nació que defensa CDC, s'hi pot percebre la influència de Rovira i Virgili i de Prat de la Riba. CDC i Jordi Pujol no defensen un nacionalisme ideològic, sinó un nacionalisme entès com una ètica i, a més, globalitzador, ès a dir, sense exclusions previes i integrador. Sovint s'ha considerat que CDC més que un partit és un moviment, però I'autor s'inclina per qualificar CDC com un catch-allparty o partit arreplegador o, com el mateix Jordi Pujol diu, un "partit de gent".

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Background:In January 2011 Spain modified clean air legislation in force since 2006, removing all existing exceptions applicable to hospitality venues. Although this legal reform was backed by all political parties with parliamentary representation, the government's initiative was contested by the tobacco industry and its allies in the hospitality industry. One of the most voiced arguments against the reform was its potentially disruptive effect on the revenue of hospitality venues. This paper evaluates the impact of this reform on household expenditure at restaurants and bars and cafeterias. Methods and empirical strategy:We use micro-data from the Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) for years 2006 to 2012 to estimate "two part" models where the probability of observing a positive expenditure and, for those who spend, the expected level of expenditure are functions of an array of explanatory variables. We apply a before-after analysis with a wide range of controls for confounding factors and a flexible modeling of time effects.Results:In line with the majority of studies that analyze the effects of smoking bans using objective data, our results suggest that the reform did not cause reductions in households' expenditures on restaurant services or on bars and cafeteria services.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Since its approval, in 2007, the Spanish Law of Equality (LO 3/2007) has been the target of many scholars on gender issues. Those analyses (and those previous to the first observable results of the Spanish Law of Equality), have largely prioritized political representative institutions and political parties as the main arenas to assess the impact of the new regulation. Nevertheless, to make a comprehensive analysis of the increase and impact of the presence of women in contemporary democracies one cannot exclude the existence of many other crucial actors in our pluralist systems, such as business organizations.In this line, in order to widen the knowledge on the presence of women in Spanish contemporary democracy, as well as to further assess the impact of Spanish Law of Equality on the presence of women in economic and political life, our paper will look at the gender bias of the executive committees in the Spanish Chambers of Commerce and business associations during the period 20010-2012. By placing those actors at the front sight, we aim to contribute with new empirical insights to the current debate on this topic.

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Beliefs about how goods and resources should be distributed in society constitute a central element in the identification with political parties. In this sense, the preference for a more or less active role of the state in redistribution is expected to be related with different party identifications and with the left-right continuum. The present article challenges this assumption, proposing that processes of ideological destructuration have led to that party identification does not constitute a current political cleavage in Chile. The data to be analyzed correspond to the International Social Survey Programme survey implemented in Chile in 1999 and 2009. Results indicate there are scarce differences in distributional preferences by the identification with political parties.