Juventus mundi; the gods and men of the heroic age,

Mode of access: Internet.

The strong character : an address, delivered before the Philo and Diagnothian literary societies of Molnwood academy, Shade Gap, Huntingdon county, Pa., March 16th, 1853 /

Mode of access: Internet.

History of the 51st Regiment of P.V. and V.V. : from its organization at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, Pa., in 1861, to its being mustered out of the United States service at Alexandria, Va., July 27th, 1865 /

Reprint. Originally published: Philadelphia : King & Baird, 1869.

Philo answered; his letter to the paper called "The Christian Advocate", thoroughly dissected, and his anti-scriptural tenets clearly refuted from the scriptures of truth /

Smith I: 222.

A discourse on the life and character of DeWitt Clinton : delivered before the Grand chapter and Grand lodge of the District of Columbia, the Grand chapter of Maryland, the Blue lodges of Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria, and other masons of the vicinity, and the brethren sojourners in the city of Washington, on the 29th of March, 1828 /

Mode of access: Internet.

The world unmask'd : or, The philosopher the greatest cheat. In twenty-four dialogues between Crito a philosopher, Philo a lawyer, and Erastus a merchant. To which is added The state of souls separated from their bodies. In answer to a treatise entitled An enquiry into Origenism /

Translation of Le monde fou préféré au monde sage, en vingt-quatre promenades, ascribed to B. L. de Muralt.

The history of the Saracens. Containing the lives of Abubeker, Omar, Othman, Ali, Hasan, Moawiyah I. Yezid I. Moawiyah II. Abdolla, Merwan I. and Abdolmelick, the immediate succesors of Mahomet. Giving an account of their most remarkable battles, sieges, & c. particularly those of Aleppo, Antioch, Damascus, Alexandria, and Jerusalem. Illustrating the religion, rites, customs, and manner of living of that warlike people.

Mode of access: Internet.

Recollections of the life and ministry of the Rev. George Hatley Norton, D. D., for thirty-four years rector of St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, Va.

Mode of access: Internet.

Tyre and Alexandria: the chief commercial cities of Scripture times.

Mode of access: Internet.

Remarks on a pamphlet concerning the canon on lay discipline, passed at the recent Convention of Virginia, held in Alexandria, May, 1850.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of a Symposium on the Spruce Budworm, November 11-14, 1974, Alexandria, Virginia.

Issued Sept. 1976.

Lux mundi, a series of studies in the religion of the Incarnation,

Faith, by Rev. H.S. Holland.--The Christian doctrine of God, by Rev. A. Moore.--The problem of pain: its bearing on faith in God, by Rev. J.R. Illingworth.--The preparation in history for Christ, by Rev. E.S. Talbot.--The incarnation in relation to development, by Rev. J.R. Illinworth.--The incarnation as the basis of dogma, by Rev. R.C. Moberly.--The atonement, by Rev. and Hon. A. Lyttelton.--The Holy Spirit and inspiration, by Rev. C. Gore.--The church, by Rev. W. Lock.--Sacraments, by Rev. F. Paget.--Christianity and politics, by Rev. W.J.H. Campion.--Christian ethics, by Rev. R.L. Ottley.--Appendix on some aspects of Christian duty.

Development of Anatomophysiologic Knowledge Regarding the Cardiovascular System: From Egyptians to Harvey

Our knowledge regarding the anatomophysiology of the cardiovascular system (CVS) has progressed since the fourth millennium BC. In Egypt (3500 BC), it was believed that a set of channels are interconnected to the heart, transporting air, urine, air, blood, and the soul. One thousand years later, the heart was established as the center of the CVS by the Hippocratic Corpus in the medical school of Kos, and some of the CVS anatomical characteristics were defined. The CVS was known to transport blood via the right ventricle through veins and the pneuma via the left ventricle through arteries. Two hundred years later, in Alexandria, following the development of human anatomical dissection, Herophilus discovered that arteries were 6 times thicker than veins, and Erasistratus described the semilunar valves, emphasizing that arteries were filled with blood when ventricles were empty. Further, 200 years later, Galen demonstrated that arteries contained blood and not air. With the decline of the Roman Empire, Greco-Roman medical knowledge about the CVS was preserved in Persia, and later in Islam where, Ibn Nafis inaccurately described pulmonary circulation. The resurgence of dissection of the human body in Europe in the 14th century was associated with the revival of the knowledge pertaining to the CVS. The main findings were the description of pulmonary circulation by Servetus, the anatomical discoveries of Vesalius, the demonstration of pulmonary circulation by Colombo, and the discovery of valves in veins by Fabricius. Following these developments, Harvey described blood circulation.

Bone Mineral Density and Serum Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factors, Estradiol, and Osteoprotegerin in Postmenopausal Women with Cirrhosis after Viral Hepatitis

CONTEXT: Cirrhosis after viral hepatitis has been identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis in men. However, in postmenopausal women, most studies have evaluated the effect of primary biliary cirrhosis, but little is known about the effect of viral cirrhosis on bone mass [bone mineral density (BMD)] and bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the effect of viral cirrhosis on BMD and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING AND PATIENTS: We studied 84 postmenopausal female outpatients with viral cirrhosis and 96 healthy postmenopausal women from the general community. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). RESULTS: The percentage with osteoporosis did not significantly differ between patients (LS, 43.1%; FN, 32.2%) and controls (LS, 41.2%; FN, 29.4%), and there was no difference in BMD (z-score) between groups. Serum concentrations of soluble TNF receptors, estradiol, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were significantly higher in patients vs. controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). No significant difference was observed in urinary deoxypyridinoline. Serum OPG levels were positively correlated with soluble TNF receptors (r = 0.35; P < 0.02) and deoxypyridinoline (r = 0.37; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that bone mass and bone resorption rates do not differ between postmenopausal women with viral cirrhosis and healthy postmenopausal controls and suggests that viral cirrhosis does not appear to increase the risk of osteoporosis in these women. High serum estradiol and OPG concentrations may contribute to preventing the bone loss associated with viral cirrhosis in postmenopausal women.