983 resultados para Path Planning


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为了解决远程自主水下机器人(LAUV)路径规划问题,提出一种基于数字海图的路径规划算法.该算法对传统人工势场法进行了有效改进,克服了传统人工势场法固有的缺点和不足,可以用于LAUV离线和在线路径规划.其有效性已在半物理实时仿真平台上得到了验证.

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多水下机器人仿真系统是一个能够对多水下机器人系统的体系结构、协调控制、路径规划、学习算法等进行演示验证的分布式实时数字仿真系统,是开展多水下机器人技术研究的基础和有效手段.讨论了应用基于局域网的分布式仿真技术来解决多水下机器人系统仿真的问题,并详细说明了仿真系统的硬件组成和软件总体设计.

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提出了一种用于AUV视景仿真的海洋环境中海底地形和海流的虚拟实现方法。海底地形不但考虑了离散点电子海图数据,而且也将某些特征数据考虑在内,从而生成相对精度较高的海底地形。海洋中的海流采用两个层次的方法进行模拟:建立海流数据库方法以及水动力软件计算方法。该方法的研究对于AUV自主地形导航技术以及避碰策略等研究具有极为重要的意义,并且上述方法生成的海洋环境已经在AUV数字仿真平台中得到了应用。

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本文针对基于Agent的分布协作式多机器人装配系统——DAMAS的特点,在原有工作的基础上,提出了网络环境下基于Agent的路径规划思想,重新定义Agent各功能模块的内容,建立系统中的通讯机制.同时,介绍了系统进行路径规划的工作过程,给出了路径规划器的规划算法

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:本文从沈阳市消防通信指挥系统的实际需要出发 ,在 GIS环境下求解从消防中队到火灾发生地的最佳路径 .采用了离线搜索、建立最佳路径库来解决实际应用中对实时性的要求 ,叙述了如何建立最佳路径的数学模型和利用遗传算法通过样本路径来求解模型中的参数 .

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本文针对传统轮式滑动导向移动机器人的路径轨迹规划问题,提出了一种更简捷的算法,该算法有利于减少轨迹产生的时间,便于双轮协调控制及精确到位。

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本文研究水下机器人在障碍位置未知条件下,进行路径规划的方法,使自治水下机器人以最短的行程距离,避开障碍,达到预定目标.针对变化的、复杂的海洋情况,本文采用动态与静态相结合、规划与控制相结合的手段,应用人工势场理论,引入距离误差做动态反馈补偿,实现全局规划控制.本文提出的这种适于自治水下机器人导航的动态路径规划-控制方法,可以解决障碍环境参数已知、未知的路径规划问题.仿真结果表明该方法具有较强的稳定性和适应性.

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本文给出的结构基自由网格法综合了正规栅格法和自由空间法的基本思想,依环境的结构信息确定地解决自由空间分割过程中构造想象边界的任意性问题,由此消除了路径的不确定性;此外,结构基自由网格模型可以在一定程度上消除规划路径“绕大弯”的现象。

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机器人已成为进一步实现制造业、非制造业、军事活动以至家庭服务自动化的重要工具.机器人学则是更综合地研究如何使机器或系统具有“思想、感知或动作功能的一门交叉性新学科”.机器人的发展是波浪式的,经历了多次的曲折.目前工业机器人中除装配机器人外,其他点焊、弧焊、喷漆及搬运机器人,由于应用范围限制,以及工业生产装备更新速度和投资规模的影响,市场日趋饱和.以美国为例.制造商订单1984年达到高峰6046台.至1986年下降至5713台,不过对机器人未来市场大都持乐观态度.但进一步开拓市场.有待于推出适用于各种环境作业的各式各样的机器人.日本东京大学教授认为机器人当前处于又一次高潮的前夜(Nightmare),正是需要大力加强研究开发的时期.我国正在着手建立工业机器人产业,这一情况值得我们注意.本文着重从研究角度来介绍当前机器人及机器人学中的控制问题的现状及主要问题.

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随着计算机视觉与机器人智能控制学科的飞速发展,在汽车工业中,结合视觉测量和机器人控制技术,采用激光拼焊方式加工汽车车身零部件显示出愈来愈重要的作用。在国外汽车板材激光拼焊技术已获得广泛应用,而在国内还只是处于研发和试生产阶段。应用工业机器人进行激光拼焊,不仅能充分发挥工业机器人灵活性、智能性等特点,而且还能代替大型激光拼焊装备进行生产,降低成本,提高效益。本课题以激光拼焊为背景,以搭建的工业机器人激光拼焊试验系统为研究平台,对基于视觉的激光焊接机器人焊缝位置信息获取及路径规划技术进行了研究。 在众多的信息获取方法中,立体视觉是一种有效的三维信息获取技术。一个完整的立体视觉过程包括:图像获取、特征提取、摄像机标定、立体匹配、深度信息计算和插值六个部分。单个摄像机获取的图像是二维的,图像的深度信息丢失。采用两个相同的摄像机在不同位置对被测物件取像,通过立体视觉匹配能计算出图像的深度信息。为避免立体匹配的困难,采用结构光代替其中一个摄像机是行之有效的方法。基于视觉的激光焊接机器人焊缝位置信息获取是立体视觉技术在激光焊接机器人焊接作业中的典型应用。对由CCD摄像机拍摄到工件图像进行算法处理提取出焊缝特征信息,是基于视觉的激光焊接机器人系统中关键技术之一。 图像处理的精度直接影响到整个视觉测量系统的精度,获取的焊缝位置信息的准确性直接决定着焊接任务的成败。焊缝在图像上表现为两条边缘,在成像条件较好的情况下,可以采用边缘特征提取的方法来获取工件焊缝的位置信息。亚像素边缘检测是近年来较为流行的边缘检测算法,检测的边缘精度可以达到亚像素级别。基于Zernike矩的亚像素边缘检测算法具有很好的抗噪性,适用于激光焊缝信息的提取,但检测出的边缘较粗,本文针对Zernike矩亚像素边缘检测存在的不足进行了算法改进,推导出7×7模板系数,并提出了新的边缘判断依据。试验验证了改进算法的有效性。改进的算法能获取焊缝位置精确信息。 阐述了Tsai两步法和Zhang的基于平面靶标标定的原理和标定过程。提出双线结构光视觉测量系统,建立了用于跟踪曲线焊缝的双线结构光视觉系统的数学模型,并给出标定方法。该方法首先采用Zhang的标定方法对摄像机进行标定,然后基于交比不变性原理,对结构光平面进行拟合。双线结构光视觉系统在跟踪曲线焊缝时,在一帧图像中可以同时检测出焊缝转角偏差和位置偏差,应用在机器人激光焊接焊缝跟踪上可获得比单线结构光更加丰富的信息。 激光焊接机器人焊枪的位姿直接影响着焊接质量的好坏。本文研究了机器人末端执行器位姿表达方法,建立了焊枪位姿和焊缝坐标系的数学模型。在激光焊接机器人焊接之前需要对焊缝编程,阐述了焊接机器人编程原理。针对在圆弧焊缝曲率变化较大的地方采用视觉测量方法存在较大的测量误差,提出偏转角的概念,对偏转角提前进行补偿,能明显提高焊接质量。 设计了测量焊接机器人轨迹误差的试验,对激光焊接机器人在高速焊接或焊接曲率较大的圆弧时轨迹误差进行了测量和分析。归纳了焊接机器人轨迹误差的来源及其产生的原因。给出了一种补偿机器人轨迹误差的方法。该方法的基本思想是先由结构光视觉系统测量出焊接机器人的重复轨迹误差,然后由视觉伺服系统补偿。实验证明,该方法应用在长焊缝和曲线焊缝焊接时,能有效补偿焊接机器人的轨迹误差。

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This Report contains the proceedings of the Fourth Phantom Users Group Workshop contains 17 papers presented October 9-12, 1999 at MIT Endicott House in Dedham Massachusetts. The workshop included sessions on, Tools for Programmers, Dynamic Environments, Perception and Cognition, Haptic Connections, Collision Detection / Collision Response, Medical and Seismic Applications, and Haptics Going Mainstream. The proceedings include papers that cover a variety of subjects in computer haptics including rendering, contact determination, development libraries, and applications in medicine, path planning, data interaction and training.

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Redundant sensors are needed on a mobile robot so that the accuracy with which it perceives its surroundings can be increased. Sonar and infrared sensors are used here in tandem, each compensating for deficiencies in the other. The robot combines the data from both sensors to build a representation which is more accurate than if either sensor were used alone. Another representation, the curvature primal sketch, is extracted from this perceived workspace and is used as the input to two path planning programs: one based on configuration space and one based on a generalized cone formulation of free space.

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The aim of this paper is to report the preliminary development of an automatic collision avoidance technique for unmanned marine craft based on standardised rules, COLREGs, defined by the International Maritime Organisation. It is noted that all marine surface vessels are required to adhere to COLREGs at all times in order to minimise or eliminate the risk of collisions. The approach presented is essentially a reactive path planning algorithm which provides feedback to the autopilot of an unmanned vessel or the human captain of a manned ship for steering the craft safely. The proposed strategy consists of waypoint guidance by line-of-sight coupled with a manual biasing scheme. This is applied to the dynamic model of an unmanned surface vehicle. A simple PID autopilot is incorporated to ensure that the vessel adheres to the generated seaway. It is shown through simulations that the resulting scheme is able to generate viable trajectories in the presence of both stationary and dynamic obstacles. Rules 8 and 14 of the COLREGs, which apply to the amount of manoeuvre and to a head-on scenario respectively are simulated. A comparison is also made with an offline or deliberative grid-based path planning algorithm which has been modified to generate COLREGs-compliant routes.

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Manipulator motion planning is a task which relies heavily on the construction of a configuration space prior to path planning. However when fast real-time motion is needed, the full construction of the manipulator's high-dimensional configu-ration space can be too slow and expensive. Alternative planning methods, which avoid this full construction of the manipulator's configuration space are needed to solve this problem. Here, one such existing local planning method for manipulators based on configuration-sampling and subgoal-selection has been extended. Using a modified Artificial Potential Fields (APF) function, goal-configuration sampling and a novel subgoal selection method, it provides faster, more optimal paths than the previously proposed work. Simulation results show a decrease in both runtime and path lengths, along with a decrease in unexpected local minimum and crashing issues.

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Unmanned surface vehicles are becoming increasingly vital tools in a variety of maritime applications. Unfortunately, their usability is severely constrained by the lack of a reliable obstacle detection and avoidance system. In this article, one such experimental platform is proposed, which performs obstacle detection, risk assessment and path planning (avoidance) tasks autonomously in an integrated manner. The detection system is based on a vision-LIDAR (light detection and ranging) system, whereas a heuristic path planner is utilised. A unique property of the path planner is its compliance with the marine collision regulations. It is demonstrated through hardware-in-the-loop simulations that the proposed system can be useful for both uninhabited and manned vessels.