Cross-species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant-shrew: support for the mammalian clades Afrotheria and Afroinsectiphillia but not Afroinsectivora

Cross-species painting (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 23 human (Homo sapiens (HSA)) chromosome-specific painting probes (HSA 1-22 and the X) was used to delimit regions of homology on the chromosomes of the golden mole (Ghrysochloris asiaticus) and elephant-shrew (Elephantulus rupestris). A cladistic interpretation of our data provides evidence of two unique associations, HSA 1/19p and 5/21/3, that support Afrotheria. The recognition of HSA 5/3/21 expands on the 3/21 synteny originally designated as an ancestral state for all eutherians. We have identified one adjacent segment combination (HSA2/8p/4) that is supportive of Afroinsectiphillia (aardvark, golden mole, elephant-shrew). Two segmental combinations (HSA 10q/17 and HSA 3/20) unite the aardvark and elephant-shrews as sister taxa. The finding that segmental syntenies in evolutionarily distant taxa can improve phylogenetic resolution suggests that they may be useful for testing sequence-based phylogenies of the early eutherian mammals. They may even suggest clades that sequence trees are not recovering with any consistency and thus encourage the search for additional rare genomic changes among afrotheres.

I did that! Measuring users' experience of agency in their own actions

Cognitive neuroscience defines the sense of agency as the experience of controlling one's own actions and, through this control, affecting the external world. We believe that the sense of personal agency is a key factor in how people experience interactions with technology. This paper draws on theoretical perspectives in cognitive neuroscience and describes two implicit methods through which personal agency can be empirically investigated. We report two experiments applying these methods to HCI problems. One shows that a new input modality - skin-based interaction - can substantially increase users' sense of agency. The second demonstrates that variations in the parameters of assistance techniques such as predictive mouse acceleration can have a significant impact on users' sense of agency. The methods presented provide designers with new ways of evaluating and refining empowering interaction techniques and interfaces, in which users experience an instinctive sense of control and ownership over their actions. Copyright 2012 ACM.

An investigation into numerical analysis alternatives for predicting reingestion in turbine disc rim cavities

Reliable means of predicting ingestion in cavities adjacent to the main gas path are increasingly being sought by engineers involved in the design of gas turbines. In this paper, analysis is to be presented that results from an extended research programme, MAGPI, sponsored by the EU and several leading gas turbine manufactures and universities. Extensive use is made of CFD modelling techniques to understand the aerodynamic behaviour of a turbine stator well cavity, focusing on the interaction of cooling air supply with the main annulus gas. The objective of the study has been to benchmark a number of CFD codes and numerical techniques covering RANS and URANS calculations with different turbulence models in order to assess the suitability of the standard settings used in the industry for calculating the mechanics of the flow travelling between cavities in a turbine through the main gas path. The modelling methods employed have been compared making use of experimental data gathered from a dedicated two-stage turbine rig, running at engine representative conditions. Extensive measurements are available for a range of flow conditions and alternative cooling arrangements. The limitations of the numerical methods in calculating the interaction of the cooling flow egress and the main stream gas, and subsequent ingestion into downstream cavities in the engine (i.e. re-ingestion), have been exposed. This has been done without losing sight of the validation of the CFD for its use for predicting heat transfer, which was the main objective of the partners of the MAGPI Work- Package 1 consortium. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of Iny2Al1-y2As/In0.73Ga0.27As/Iny1Al1-y1As/InP P-HEMTs with enhancement conductivity using an intentional nonlattice-matched buffer layer

Pseudomorphic Iny2Al1-y2As/In0.73Ga0.27As/Iny1Al1-y1As (y1 greater than or equal to 0.52) modulation-doped heterostructures with an intentional nonlattice-matched buffer layer were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100)InP substrates. Fourier transform photoluminescence and double crystal x-ray diffraction measurements show a superior crystalline quality in the high In content channel, when In mole fraction increases from y1=0.52 to 0.55 in the Iny1Al1-y1As buffer layer. In this case, an increasing of 16.3% and 23.5% for conductivity (mu xn(s)) and mobility, related to the strain compensation in the In0.73Ga0.27As channel, was achieved, respectively, comparing to the structure containing a well-lattice matched buffer layer. With increasing the mismatch further (y1=0.58), a morphology with cross-hatched pattern was observed due to the onset of a large amount of misfit dislocations, and the electronic characterization is not able to be improved continuously. Because we can realize high quality strained P-HEMTs in a relative wide range of equivalent beam flux (EBF) ratios, the stringent control over the constant EBF is not indispensable on this In-based material system. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society.

Improved diphasic nc-si/a-si : H I-layer materials using PECVD

Two series of films has been prepared by using a new regime of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in the region adjacent to the phase transition from amorphous to crystalline state. The photoelectronic properties of the films have been investigated as a function of crystalline fraction. In comparison with typical a-Si:H, these diphasic films with a crystalline fraction less than 0.3 show a similar optical absorption coefficient, higher mobility life-time product ( LT) and higher stability upon light soaking. By using the diphasic nc-Si/a-Si films as the intrinsic layer, a p-i-n junction solar cell has been prepared with an initial efficiency of 9. 10 % and a stabilized efficiency of 8.56 % (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm(2)).

RM及其扩展可调度性判定算法性能分析

可调度性判定是实时调度算法的关键问题．单调速率算法RM（rate monotonic）及其扩展是应用广泛的实时调度算法，大量文献讨论了实时任务在这些算法下的可调度性判定，给出了相应的判定算法．但迄今为止，对这些判定算法的性能分析都是理论上的定性分析或者只是少数几种判定算法之间的简单比较，这不利于实时系统的开发．归纳了RM及其扩展的可调度性判定算法，通过测试平台，系统地测试和分析了各算法的性能和适用场合，讨论了各种条件和实现方式对算法性能和可调度性的影响．

大震发生前加卸载响应比变化与应力积累模式研究

<正>加卸载响应比(Yin et al.,2000)是一种中短期地震预测方法,该方法依据潮汐力在地震破裂面上引起的库仑破坏应力变化计算加卸载响应比,并根据其时间序列的演化预测未来地震。我们研究了长期构造加载在地震断层面上引起的应力场变化对加卸载响应比演化的调制作用,发展了一种使用震前应力积累区域取

超重核~(294)118和~(291)116及其α衰变链上各核素半衰期的研究

运用推广的液滴模型(GLDM)确定了超重核294118和291116及其α衰变链上各核素的衰变势垒,采用量子力学中的WKB方法计算α衰变中的势垒穿透几率,对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了研究。此外,还利用Royer公式对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了计算。结果表明,GLDM考虑亲和能与Royer公式给出的α衰变半衰期与超重核区的实验值符合很好,验证了GLDM和Royer公式在超重核区的适用性,可以用来预测超重核的半衰期。最后,预言了Z=118和116同位素链上各核素的半衰期,结果表明,在Z=118和116中存在α衰变长寿命同位素,这需要实验上的检验。

不同剂量重离子辐照玉米自交系的生物学效应比较

用12C6+和36Ar18+离子束分别辐照玉米自交系干种子和浸泡种子,研究了M1—M3代重离子束辐照的生物学效应。结果表明:种子发芽势和发芽率随辐照剂量的增加而下降,不同生理状态的种子对重离子辐照的敏感性也不同。一般12C6+离子辐照干种子的适宜剂量为20—25 Gy;M1代叶型发生明显的变化,M2代植株在株高、穗位、单株穗数、雄穗花药颜色、粒质、穗行数、粒重和抗性等方面均发生了变化,并产生了许多有益的变异,包括株高和穗位降低、同位多穗、穗行数和粒重增加、粒质由粉质变为硬粒以及抗锈病和红叶病的植株等,有益突变的频率达7.0%—17.9%;在M3代出现能够稳定遗传的,并且光合效率增加的有益突变株。由此可见,重离子束辐照是玉米种质改良的一种高效手段。

Fermionic zero modes in gauge and gravity backgrounds on T-2

Here we study fermionic zero modes in gauge and gravity backgrounds taking a two-dimensional compact manifold T-2 as extra dimensions. The result is that there exist massless Dirac fermions which have normalizable zero modes under quite general assumptions about these backgrounds on the bulk. Several special cases of gauge background on the torus are discussed and some simple fermionic zero modes axe obtained.