Abnormal primary and permanent dentitions with ectodermal symptoms predict WNT10A deficiency

BACKGROUND: The WNT10A protein is critical for the development of ectodermal appendages. Variants in the WNT10A gene may be associated with a spectrum of ectodermal abnormalities including extensive tooth agenesis. METHODS: In seven patients with severe tooth agenesis we identified anomalies in primary dentition and additional ectodermal symptoms, and assessed WNT10A mutations by genetic analysis. RESULTS: Investigation of primary dentition revealed peg-shaped crowns of primary mandibular incisors and three individuals had agenesis of at least two primary teeth. The permanent dentition was severely affected in all individuals with a mean of 21 missing teeth. Primary teeth were most often present in positions were succedaneous teeth were missing. Furthermore, most existing molars had taurodontism. Light, brittle or coarse hair was reported in all seven individuals, hyperhidrosis of palms and soles in six individuals and nail anomalies in two individuals. The anomalies in primary dentition preceded most of the additional ectodermal symptoms. Genetic analysis revealed that all seven individuals were homozygous or compound heterozygous for WNT10A mutations resulting in C107X, E222X and F228I. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that tooth agenesis and/or peg-shaped crowns of primary mandibular incisors, severe oligodontia of permanent dentition as well as ectodermal symptoms of varying severity may be predictors of bi-allelic WNT10A mutations of importance for diagnosis, counselling and follow-up.

ANALISIS PROBABILISTICO DE LLUVIAS INTENSAS EN COSTA RICA

En este artículo se analizaron las curvas de intensidad, duración y frecuencia y el índice de la erosividad anual “R” para las estaciones pluviográficas de las diferentes regiones climáticas de Costa Rica:  Limón para el Caribe, San Carlos para la Zona Norte, Liberia para el Pacífico Norte, Puntarenas para el Pacífico Central, Palmar-Sur para el Pacífico Sur y El Coco para el Valle Central. El Índice de erosividad varía entre 737 (Palmar Sur) y 173 (El Coco).Las distintas estaciones muestran en diferente grado la influencia de diferentes fenómenos meteorológicos:  Limón, San Carlos y Palmar Sur presentan una fuerte influencia temporales; Liberia y Puntarenas una dominancia de eventos conectivas; El Coco en casi todos los cursos analizados muestra intensidades menores.