Giant step bunching from self-organized coalescence of SrRuO3 islands

Step bunching develops in the epitaxy of SrRuO3 on vicinal SrTiO3(001) substrates. We have investigated the formation mechanisms and we show here that step bunching forms by lateral coalescence of wedgelike three-dimensional islands that are nucleated at substrate steps. After coalescence, wedgelike islands become wider and straighter with growth, forming a self-organized network of parallel step bunches with altitudes exceeding 30 unit cells, separated by atomically flat terraces. The formation mechanism of step bunching in SrRuO3, from nucleated islands, radically differs from one-dimensional models used to describe bunching in semiconducting materials. These results illustrate that growth phenomena of complex oxides can be dramatically different to those in semiconducting or metallic systems.

Organized Retail Market Boom and the Indian Society

IT and related services played a major role for India’s current 9.2. GDP growth. Organized retailing in India is one more example for its open economy. The IT industries where able develop a demand for Indian talents all over the world and improved their living standards. It directly impacts only a small minority of Indian population while organized retail affects every single Indian and every sector of Indian society. The paper gives a glimpse of the slow evolution of retail market over the years in India and its contribution for economic growth. The likely positive impact of this revolution in different sectors is enumerated. Paper addresses its ability to manipulate consumption pattern of society, increased customer satisfaction and likely change in the market shares of the different types of sellers. Paper discusses its flip sides like increasing social tension among families below poverty line and greater loss of self employment opportunities by this revolution. The main theme of enquiry of this paper is what it all means for the Indian society.

Self-organized sociopolitical interactions as the best way to achieve organized patterns in human social systems: going beyond the top-down control of classical political regimes

La monografía presenta la auto-organización sociopolítica como la mejor manera de lograr patrones organizados en los sistemas sociales humanos, dada su naturaleza compleja y la imposibilidad de las tareas computacionales de los regímenes políticos clásico, debido a que operan con control jerárquico, el cual ha demostrado no ser óptimo en la producción de orden en los sistemas sociales humanos. En la monografía se extrapola la teoría de la auto-organización en los sistemas biológicos a las dinámicas sociopolíticas humanas, buscando maneras óptimas de organizarlas, y se afirma que redes complejas anárquicas son la estructura emergente de la auto-organización sociopolítica.

La construcción de la relación mediática entre ídolos deportivos y fans; estudio de caso: www.ivankaviedes.com

A lo largo de esta investigación de maestría, que se presenta como un aporte académico para el análisis de los nuevos fenómenos de la comunicación, se realiza una aproximación a las prácticas ejecutadas en el ciberespacio por parte de un segmento específico de usuarios. Trabajamos con los fanáticos al fútbol, pero delimitamos su extensión a los fans de un jugador en específico, el ecuatoriano Jaime Iván Kaviedes, quien se erige, hasta el momento de esta publicación, como el único deportista nacional que mantiene una página web donde se exhibe la relación mediática entre ídolo y fanáticos. Para la consecución de este propósito, el estudio se divide en dos aspectos ordenadamente visibles, el primero se ocupa de la “estrella”, ese personaje idolátrico que en nuestra coyuntura se construye siguiendo principios similares al del mercadeo político, que presenta al mercado un candidato destinado a cautivar al mayor número cuantificable de electores, todo esto con un manejo deliberado de imagen y la edificación de un protagonista que goce de los “dones” que prefiere la masa de electores para inclinar su voto. Con la misma lógica, descomponemos la estructura de formación de ídolos, reconociendo que su presentación dentro del campo sistemático de ofertas y demandas, se sujeta a parámetros idénticos a los del mercadeo de personas, en intento de adquirir un elevado margen de seguidores. El segundo aspecto, orientado a involucrar al fanático en esta mutua dependencia que consolida la existencia de ambos (sin ídolo no hay fanático y viceversa), realizamos la evaluación de su comportamiento en la red, mediante un meticuloso examen de todas las prácticas que ellos cumplen en ese “lugar”, convencionalmente llamado “sitio web”, y los objetivos que persiguen. Con este mecanismo traducimos algunas de las actitudes que aparentemente se presentan como “naturales”, pero que están enmarcadas en un escenario de agresivas imposiciones globales, que estereotipan un “arquetipo dominante”, a quien le son atribuidas dotes tales como carismas, esfuerzos de superación en la omnipresente adversidad, altruismos y demás valores que habitualmente son comunes en la generalidad de los ídolos-tipo. Como todo estudio ideológico, este no puede ser ajeno a los rituales y trascribimos algunos aspectos recreativos, aquí llamados “miméticos”, que sustentan las hipótesis preliminares acerca de que al ídolo se le atribuyen características tan sobresalientes que se vuelven dignas y necesarias de imitar por parte de sus feligreses, en un campo de representaciones simbólicas que se renuevan repetidamente para conservarse vigentes.

Ídolos deportivos y fans en internet

Con el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, somos testigos de innovadoras formas de comportamiento en las sociedades contemporáneas que transforman la cotidianidad de los sujetos, vigente hasta hace aproximadamente tres lustros, cuando la masificación de los sistemas multimedia apenas era un ligero bosquejo de lo que hoy experimentamos. Estos cambios de comportamiento se dan a toda escala y nuestro estudio se ha dirigido a la transformación de la relación entre «ídolos deportivos y fanáticos», hoy en apariencia «más cercanos» tras las conexiones que el internet facilita. El fanático abre un nuevo espectro de relación mediática con su ídolo. Para el recuerdo quedó aquel fan cuya relación con la estrella se limitaba a coleccionar artículos, pegar posters en sus paredes y ocasionalmente poder observarlo en un escenario masivo, sea un estadio, un coliseo o una plaza pública, pero siempre a varios de metros de distancia. Otrora, la relación cara a cara, que determinaba la única forma de interacción entre el ídolo y el fan, era una odisea de verdaderos aventureros que debían atravesar fuertes circuitos de seguridad y operativos de custodia para poder conversar, o por lo menos tocar, al ídolo que tanto admiraban. Si bien en Ecuador y América Latina, en relación a Norteamérica y Europa específicamente, no existe una proliferación masificada de acceso a internet, y por ende el estudio del uso que le prestan los fanáticos a la gran red mundial apenas se ha iniciado, la fuente de donde recolectamos nuestra información es la página ‹www.ivankaviedes.com›, sitio web perteneciente al futbolista ecuatoriano Jaime Iván Kaviedes Llorentti, cuya personalidad y apariencia física han hecho de él un personaje mediático.

Mesoscale simulations of organized convection: importance of convective equilibrium

The validity of convective parametrization breaks down at the resolution of mesoscale models, and the success of parametrized versus explicit treatments of convection is likely to depend on the large-scale environment. In this paper we examine the hypothesis that a key feature determining the sensitivity to the environment is whether the forcing of convection is sufficiently homogeneous and slowly varying that the convection can be considered to be in equilibrium. Two case studies of mesoscale convective systems over the UK, one where equilibrium conditions are expected and one where equilibrium is unlikely, are simulated using a mesoscale forecasting model. The time evolution of area-average convective available potential energy and the time evolution and magnitude of the timescale of convective adjustment are consistent with the hypothesis of equilibrium for case 1 and non-equilibrium for case 2. For each case, three experiments are performed with different partitionings between parametrized and explicit convection: fully parametrized convection, fully explicit convection and a simulation with significant amounts of both. In the equilibrium case, bulk properties of the convection such as area-integrated rain rates are insensitive to the treatment of convection. However, the detailed structure of the precipitation field changes; the simulation with parametrized convection behaves well and produces a smooth field that follows the forcing region, and the simulation with explicit convection has a small number of localized intense regions of precipitation that track with the mid-levelflow. For the non-equilibrium case, bulk properties of the convection such as area-integrated rain rates are sensitive to the treatment of convection. The simulation with explicit convection behaves similarly to the equilibrium case with a few localized precipitation regions. In contrast, the cumulus parametrization fails dramatically and develops intense propagating bows of precipitation that were not observed. The simulations with both parametrized and explicit convection follow the pattern seen in the other experiments, with a transition over the duration of the run from parametrized to explicit precipitation. The impact of convection on the large-scaleflow, as measured by upper-level wind and potential-vorticity perturbations, is very sensitive to the partitioning of convection for both cases. © Royal Meteorological Society, 2006. Contributions by P. A. Clark and M. E. B. Gray are Crown Copyright.

Peptide mediated formation of hierarchically organized solution and solid state polymer nanostructures

Biologically-inspired peptide sequences have been explored as auxiliaries to mediate self-assembly of synthetic macromolecules into hierarchically organized solution and solid state nanostructures. Peptide sequences inspired by the coiled coil motif and "switch" peptides, which can adopt both amphiphilic alpha-helical and beta-strand conformations, were conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The solution and solid state self-assembly of these materials was investigated using a variety of spectroscopic, scattering and microscopic techniques. These experiments revealed that the folding and organization properties of the peptide sequences are retained upon conjugation of PEG and that they provide the driving force for the formation of the different nanoscale structures which were observed. The possibility of using defined peptide sequences to direct structure formation of synthetic polymers together with the potential of peptide sequences to induce a specific biological response offers interesting prospects for the development of novel self-assembled and biologically active materials.

The development of organized structures in polyethylene crystallized from a sheared melt, analyzed by WAXS and TEM

The development of global orientation and morphological features in linear polyethylene crystallizing from a sheared melt are studied using in-situ time-resolving wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and ex-situ transmission electron microscopy. It is found that samples subjected to a shear rate above a critical value of ~1s-1 result in macroscopically oriented structures in the crystallized sample. This critical shear rate appears to be independent of the differences in molecular weight distribution of the samples studied although the morphologies which develop are sensitive to quite small differences in molecular weight distributions. The presence of shish kebabs in the morphology is shown to differ markedly according to variations in the upper molecular weight fraction of the molecular weight distribution, even though the resulting global orientation does not. The WAXS also reveals that areas which evidence no row nucleated structures still realize high degrees of molecular orientation. It is proposed that the formation of shish kebab or lamellar morphologies in these samples is dependent on the critical density of contiguous elongated crystallization nuclei rather than any specific global criteria.

Self-organized 40Hz synchronization in a physiological theory of EEG

We present evidence that large-scale spatial coherence of 40 Hz oscillations can emerge dynamically in a cortical mean field theory. The simulated synchronization time scale is about 150 ms, which compares well with experimental data on large-scale integration during cognitive tasks. The same model has previously provided consistent descriptions of the human EEG at rest, with tranquilizers, under anesthesia, and during anesthetic-induced epileptic seizures. The emergence of coherent gamma band activity is brought about by changing just one physiological parameter until cortex becomes marginally unstable for a small range of wavelengths. This suggests for future study a model of dynamic computation at the edge of cortical stability.