Parental reports of the oral health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy

BACKGROUND The severity of physical and mental impairments and oral problems, as well as socioeconomic factors, may have an impact on quality of life of children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this research was to assess the impact of impairments and oral health conditions, adjusted by socioeconomic factors, on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children with CP using their parents as proxies. METHODS Sixty children, between 6-14 years of age were selected. Their parents answered a children's OHRQoL instrument (5 domains) which combines the Parental-Caregivers Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). The severity of dental caries, type of CP, communication ability, gross motor function, seizures and socioeconomic conditions were assessed. RESULTS Considering the total score of the OHRQoL instrument, only the reduction of communication ability and dental caries severity had a negative impact on the OHRQoL (p < 0.05). Considering each domain of the instrument, the severity of the type of CP and its reduction of communication ability showed a negative impact on oral symptoms and functional limitations domains (p < 0.05). Seizures have a negative impact on oral symptoms domain (p = 0.006). The multivariate fitted model showed that the severity of dental caries, communication ability and low family income were negatively associated with the impact on OHRQoL (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The severity of dental caries, communication ability, and family income are conditions strongly associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL of children with CP.

Conception d'une situation d'apprentissage qui permettra le passage de l'oral signé à l'écrit chez des apprenants sourds de niveau présecondaire, selon la syntaxe du français de la majorité

De nos jours, la communication écrite joue un rôle primordial pour tout individu qui désire se faire une place dans la société tant sur le plan personnel que socioprofessionnel. Chez les apprenants sourds, le passage à l’écrit du français de la majorité représente un grand défi et leurs phrases contiennent souvent des erreurs de syntaxe. Par exemple, les apprenants sourds auraient tendance à reproduire à l’écrit la syntaxe de la LSQ croyant que les règles de la grammaire de la phrase sont identiques. Dans cet essai, nous nous interrogeons sur les stratégies à adopter pour amener des adultes sourds gestuels à effectuer un transfert efficace de l’oral signé vers le français écrit. Pour ce faire, une situation d’apprentissage (S.A) destinée aux apprenants sourds de niveau présecondaire a été élaborée. Basée sur l’enseignement stratégique et la grammaire de la phrase de base, cette S.A exploite d’abord les bases du fonctionnement de la langue des signes québécoise (LSQ) pour ensuite introduire les notions de la phrase de base et de ses constituants selon la grammaire rénovée. Cette S.A a ensuite été soumise pour validation et rétroaction à la conseillère pédagogique du Centre d’éducation aux adultes où nous travaillons. Ses commentaires, conjugués aux observations notées lors de la mise à l’essai auprès de trois apprenants, ont permis de prendre conscience des forces de cette S.A et d’apporter des ajustements visant à optimiser l’efficacité des différentes activités d’apprentissage.

Learning strategies implemented by the students of Advanced Intensive English I courses for improving oral discourse in the Bachelor of Arts in English Teaching, Department of Foreign Languages, University of El Salvador, year 2014.

There are many learning strategies some, more successful than others when they are applied in a correct way. “Strategies are most successful when they are implemented in a system that encourages collaboration among staff and students, and in which each is a part of a well-planned whole system” (Johns Hopkins, 2000). Additionally, Learning strategies have become an effective instrument in the field of education because students can make use of several strategies in order to enhance their English level in terms of communication. To communicate in a meaningful way, it is important to express ideas inside and outside the classroom; it is part of the development and improvement of speaking.

Oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation, the patients and physicians experiences of the consultation:a qualitative study

Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) reduces stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), however it is still underutilized and sometimes refused by patients. This project was divided in two inter-related studies. Study 1 explored the experiences that influence prescription of OAC by physicians. Study 2 explored the experiences which influence patients' decisions to accept, decline or discontinue OAC. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in both studies. In Study 1four sub-groups of physicians (n = 16) experienced with OAC in AF were interviewed: consultant cardiologists, consultant general physicians, general practitioners and cardiology registrars. In Study 2 three sub-groups of patients (n = 11) diagnosed with AF were interviewed; those who accepted, refused, and who discontinued warfarin. Results: Study 1: Two over-arching themes emerged from doctors' experiences: (1) communicating information and (2) challenges with OAC prescription for AF. Physicians still adopt a paternalistic approach to decision-making. They should instead motivate patients to take part in treatment discussions and choices should reflect the patient's needs and concerns. Physician education should focus more on communication skills, individualised care and time-management as these are critical for patient adherence. Continuous OAC education for AF should adopt a multi-disciplinary approach. Further, interpreters should also be educated on medical communication skills. Study 2: Three over-arching themes comprised patients' experiences: (1) the initial consultation, (2) life after the consultation, and (3) patients' reflections. Patient education during the initial consultation was critical in increasing patient's knowledge of OAC. On-going patient education is imperative to maintain adherence. Patients valued physicians' concern for their needs during decision-making. Patients who had experience of stroke were more receptive to education aimed towards stroke risk reduction rather than bleeding risk. Patients' perceptions of warfarin are also influenced by the media. Comment: Qualitative research is crucial in exploring barriers to treatment as it provides an excellent insight into patients' experiences of healthcare. A patient-centred approach should be adopted and incorporated into physicians' education. Education and patient involvement in the decision-making process is essential to promote treatment acceptance and long-term adherence

A oralidade no 2º ciclo – Como potenciar o desenvolvimento da compreensão e expressão oral?

Relatório final apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

A oralidade no 2º ciclo – Como potenciar o desenvolvimento da compreensão e expressão oral?

Relatório final apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico