DETERMINATION OF AMINOPYRINE AND ITS METABOLITE BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION

An electrochemical pretreatment regime for a cylindrical carbon fibre microelectrode was optimized for the determination of aminopyrine (AM) and its metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine (AAN) by capillary electrophoresis (CE)-electrochemical detection (ED). Under optimized conditions, a response of high sensitivity and stability was obtained for AM and AAN at a detection voltage as low as 0.9 V following CE-ED, by which AM and AAN were separated satisfactorily. The calibration graph was linear over three orders of magnitude and the limits of detection for AM and AAN were in the femtomole range.

DETERMINATION OF HYDRAZINES BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS WITH AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION AT A PLATINUM PARTICLE-MODIFIED CARBON-FIBER MICROELECTRODE

A novel modified electrode dispersed with ultrafine platinum particles on the surface of a 30-mu m carbon fibre microelectrode was investigated as an amperometric detector in capillary zone electrophoresis (CEEC) for determining hydrazines. The unique cha

Analysis for Flavonoids in Bee Pollens by Capillary Electrophoresis

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed for the determination of six bioactive flavonoids that are commonly found in health foods: hesperidin, hyperin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin and rutin. The effects of several parameters, such as pH, buffer concentration, separation voltage and UV detector wavelength, were investigated to find the optimal conditions. Using a HbBCh-NaiB-iO? buffer (pH 9.2), the analytes can be separated within 8 min. The relative standard deviations of migration times in eight injections were between 0.77% and 0.93%, and those of the peak areas ranged from 3.8% to 8.6%. A high reproducibility and excellent linearity was observed over two orders of magnitude, with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.34ug ml to 2.9ug ml for all the six analytes. Recoveries ranged from 80.4 % to 113.9 %. The new method is simple, reproducible and sensitive. No solid phase extraction for sample pretreatment is necessary. Analysis results are accurate in application to bee pollens.

Separation and determination of flavone and xanthone glycosides in Tibetan folk medicinal species Swertia mussotii and S-franchetiana by capillary electrophoresis

The contents of five pharmacologically active flavone and xanthone glycosides, namely, swertianolin, swertisin, isoorientin, mangiferin, and 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, extracted from Tibetan folk medicinal species Swertia mussotii and S. franchetiana were determined by capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection. The separation of five components has been optimized with a capillary column with a total length of 48.5 cm and effective length of 40 cm (50 mu m i.d). The influence of the running buffer, the sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) concentration, organic modifier, etc. on the resolution was evaluated. The background electrolyte contained 30 mM borate buffer, 28 mM SDS, 1.0% (v/v) acetonitrile, and was adjusted to pH 9.0 with 0.1 M NaOH. A good baseline resolution was obtained for the separation of five components within 5 min with the working voltage of 24 kV and a column temperature of 25 degrees C. The established method was rapid and reproducible for the separation and determination of five flavone and xanthone glycosides from the extracts of S. mussotii and franchetiana plant samples.

Detection of carbohydrates using new labeling reagent 1-(2-naphthyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone by capillary zone electrophoresis with absorbance (UV)

A novel labeling reagent 1-(2-naphthyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (NMP) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) with DAD detection for the determination of carbohydrates has been developed. The chromophore in the 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) reagent is replaced by naphthyl functional group, which results in a reagent with very high molar absorptivity (epsilon(251nm) = 5.58 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1)). This pen-nits NMP-labeled carbohydrates to be detected with UV absorbance in standard 50-mu m-i.d. fused silica capillaries by zone electrophoresis. in this mode, nanomolar concentrations of detection limits are obtained. The method for the derivatization. of carbohydrates with NMP is simplified. The derivatization reaction is rapid and mild in the presence of ammonia catalyst without further transfer steps. Nine monosaccharide derivatives such as mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose can successfully be detected in CE mode. Good reproducibility can be obtained with relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values of the migration times and peak area, respectively, from 0.44 to 0.48 and from 3.2 to 4.8. Furthermore, the developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of carbohydrates in the hydrolyzed rape bee pollen samples. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Analysis of five pharmacologically active compounds from Rhodiola for natural product drug discovery with capillary electrophoresis

A rapid capillary electrophoresis method for the separation of five natural pharmacologically active compounds from extracted Rhodiola, namely salidroside, tyrosol, rhodionin, gallic acid and ethyl gallate has been developed. The separation of five natural pharmacologically active compounds was carried out in a fused-silica capillary with 14 mM boric acid, 30 mM SDS and 2.5% acetonitrile, adjusted to pH 10.7 with NaOH. Applied potential was 21 kV. The temperature of the capillary was maintained at 25 degreesC by the instrument thermostating system, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9805-0.9989 for migration time, and relative standards of < 3.52% for peak areas. The established method is rapid and reproducible for the separation of five natural pharmacologically compounds from extracts of Rhodiola with satisfactory results.

Characterization of polyethylene glycol-modified proteins by semi-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

A new program to characterize polyethylene glycol-modified (PEGylated) proteins is outlined using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). PEGylated ribonuclease A and lysozyme were selected as examples. Five separation procedures were compared to select out the mixed buffer of acetonitrile-water (1:1, v/v) at pH 2.5 as the best to characterize the PEGylated proteins without sample pretreatment. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a high molecular mass of 8X10(6) was applied to rinse the capillary to form a dynamic coating which would decrease the undesirable proteins adsorbed to the inner wall of the silica. The electroosmotic flow (EOF) mobility of the five procedures was determined, respectively. It is found that acetonitrile is mainly responsible for the good resolution of PEGylated proteins with the help of PEO coating in the semi-aqueous system. The low EOF mobility and current in the semi-aqueous system might also have some responsibility for the high resolution. The semi-aqueous procedure described in this paper also demonstrates higher resolution of natural proteins than aqueous ones. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis for DNA mutation detection

A continuous spatial temperature gradient was established in capillary electrophoresis by using a simple temperature control device. The temperature profile along the capillary was predicted by theoretical calculations. A nearly linear spatial temperature gradient was established and applied to DNA mutation detection. By spanning a wide temperature range, it was possible to perform simultaneous heteroduplex analysis for various mutation types that have different melting temperatures.

Determination of sialic acids in the serum of cancer patients by capillary electrophoresis

A novel method for the determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA) was developed by using high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) with UV detection at 195 nm. NANA and NGNA were separated directly and analyzed without pre- or postcolumn derivation. The detection limit of NANA is 9.6 x 10(-6) mol L-1 and for mass 3.879 x 10(-14) mol (39 fmol). This method was applied for the determination of NANA in 30 normal human and 72 cancer patients. The results demonstrated that NANA in the sera of cancer patients increased significantly as compared with the normal human (P < 0.001). The new method is simple and sensitive, and is suitable for basic research and clinical application to malignant tumors.

A collision model for DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis in dilute polymer solution

A theoretical description. based on chemical kinetics and electrochemistry, is given of DNA separation in dilute polymer solution by capillary electrophoresis. A self-consistent model was developed leading to predictions of the DNA electrophoretic velocity as a function of the experimental conditions - polymer concentration, temperature, and electric field strength. The effect of selected experimental variables is discussed. The phenomena discussed are illustrated for the example of 100 bp DNA ladder separation in dilute HPMC solution by capillary electrophoresis. This model is the first single model that can fully explain the dependence of DNA electrophoretic velocity on electrophoretic conditions.

Analysis of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by capillary electrophoresis and solid-phase extraction

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (80HdG) has been considered as an excellent marker of individuals at high risk of developing cancer. Until now, urinary 80HdG has largely been measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A new method for the analysis of urinary 80HdG by high-performance capillary electrophoresis has been developed and optimized in our laboratory. A single step solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized and used for extracting 80HdG from human urine. Separations were performed in an uncoated silica capillary (50 cm x 50 tm i.d.) using a P/ACE MDQ system with UV detection. The separation of 80HdG from interfering urinary matrix components is optimized with regard to pH, applied voltage, pressure injection time and concentration of SDS in running buffer. The detection limit of this method is 0.4 mug/ml, the linear range is 0.8-500 mug/ml, the correlation coefficients levels is better than 0.999. The developed method is simple, fast and good reproducibility, furthermore, it requires a very small injection volumes and low costs of analysis, which makes it possible to provide a new noninvasive assay for an indirect measurement of oxidative DNA damage.