998 resultados para Norway (Mich.)


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Aim We used combined palaeobotanical and genetic data to assess whether Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), two major components of the Eurasian boreal forests, occupied separate glacial refugia, and to test previous hypotheses on their distinction, geographical delimitation and introgression. Location The range of Norway spruce in northern Europe and Siberian spruce in northern Asia. Methods Pollen data and recently compiled macrofossil records were summarized for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), late glacial and Holocene. Genetic variation was assessed in 50 populations using one maternally (mitochondrial nad1) and one paternally (chloroplast trnT–trnL) inherited marker and analysed using spatial analyses of molecular variance (SAMOVA). Results Macrofossils showed that spruce was present in both northern Europe and Siberia at the LGM. Congruent macrofossil and pollen data from the late glacial suggested widespread expansions of spruce in the East European Plain, West Siberian Plain, southern Siberian mountains and the Baikal region. Colonization was largely completed during the early Holocene, except in the formerly glaciated area of northern Europe. Both DNA markers distinguished two highly differentiated groups that correspond to Norway spruce and Siberian spruce and coincide spatially with separate LGM spruce occurrences. The division of the mtDNA variation was geographically well defined and occurred to the east of the Ural Mountains along the Ob River, whereas the cpDNA variation showed widespread admixture. Genetic diversity of both DNA markers was higher in western than in eastern populations. Main conclusions North Eurasian Norway spruce and Siberian spruce are genetically distinct and occupied separate LGM refugia, Norway spruce on the East European Plain and Siberian spruce in southern Siberia, where they were already widespread during the late glacial. They came into contact in the basin of the Ob River and probably hybridized. The lower genetic diversity in the eastern populations may indicate that Siberian spruce suffered more from past climatic fluctuations than Norway spruce.

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How do institutional settings and their embedded policy principles affect gender-typed enrolment in educational programmes? Based on gender-sensitive theories on career choice, we hypothesised that gender segregation in education is higher with a wider range of offers of vocational programmes. By analysing youth survey and panel data, we tested this assumption for Germany, Norway and Canada, three countries whose educational systems represent a different mix of academic, vocational and universalistic education principles. We found that vocational programmes are considerably more gender-segregated than are academic (e.g. university) programmes. Men, more so than women, can avoid gender-typed programmes by passing on to a university education. This in turn means that as long as their secondary school achievement does not allow for a higher education career, they have a higher likelihood of being allocated to male-typed programmes in the vocational education and training (VET) system. In addition, social background and the age at which students have to choose educational offers impact on the transition to gendered educational programmes. Overall, gender segregation in education is highest in Germany and the lowest in Canada. We interpret the differences between these countries with respect to the constellations of educational principles and policies in the respective countries.

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BACKGROUND Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) caused by ADAMTS13 mutations is a rare, but serious condition. The prevalence is unknown, but seems to be high in Norway. OBJECTIVES To identify all patients with hereditary TTP in Central Norway and to investigate the prevalence of hereditary TTP and the population frequencies of two common ADAMTS13 mutations. Patients/Methods Patients were identified in a cross-sectional study within Central Norway Health Region by means of three different search strategies. Frequencies of ADAMTS13 mutations, c.4143_4144dupA and c.3178 C>T (p.R1060W) were investigated in a population-based cohort (500 alleles) and in healthy blood donors (2104 alleles) by taking advantage of the close neighbourhood of the ADAMTS13 and ABO blood group gene loci. The observed prevalence of hereditary TTP was compared to the rates of ADAMTS13 mutation carriers in different geographical regions. RESULTS We identified 11 families with hereditary TTP in Central Norway during the 10-year study period. The prevalence of hereditary TTP in Central Norway was 16.7 x 10(-6) . The most prevalent mutation was c.4143_4144dupA, accounting for two thirds of disease causing alleles among patients and having an allelic frequency of 0.33% in the Central, 0.10% in the Western, and 0.04% in the Southeastern Norwegian population. The allelic frequency of c.3178 C>T (p.R1060W) in the population was even higher (0.3-1%), but this mutation was infrequent among patients, with no homozygous cases. CONCLUSIONS We found a high prevalence of hereditary TTP in Central Norway and an apparently different penetrance of ADAMTS13 mutations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Boberach: Ein jüdischer Einwohner Frankfurts, dem nach einem Aufenthalt von 21 Jahren zunächst das Frankfurter Bürgerrecht in Aussicht gestellt worden war, beschwert sich darüber, daß er wegen seines Auftretens in Volksversammlungen verhaftet und ausgewiesen wurde und verlangt ein Gerichtsverfahren oder Genugtuung, nachdem er sich um Schutz durch seine württembergische Heimatbehörde bemüht hat

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Biographische Selbstdarstellung Max von Gagerns nach seiner Wahl zum Volksvertreter der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Proklamation der Wahl Erzherzog Johanns zum deutschen Reichsverweser (Leitung der provisorischen Zentralgewalt) durch die Deutsche Nationalversammlung

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Protest gegen die Verabschiedung des Bürgerwehrgesetzes durch die Nationalversammlung (13. Oktober 1848), die die Bürgerwehr zu einer de-facto-Hilfstruppe der Polizei macht

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Programm des Abgeordneten-Kandidaten Koester aus Sillmenau bei Breslau: Bekenntnis zur oktroyierten Verfassung, Ablösung der grundherrlichen Lasten und Abgaben, Wahl der Pfarrer und Lehrer durch die Gemeinden, keine Trennung von Schule und Kirche, Erschwerung des Zuzugs und der Gründung von Familien für Landfremde, Regulierung der Oder, solide Haushaltspolitik

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Erzherzog Johanns Erklärung an die österreichische Bevölkerung, das ihm übertragene Amt des Reichsverwesers anzunehmen und mit der nach Wien entsandten Deputation der Nationalversammlung nach Frankfurt/Main zu gehen. Bekenntnis zur Einheit Deutschlands

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Gedicht eines unbekannten Verfassers, in dem 'der liebe Fritz' (König Friedrich Wilhelm IV. von Preußen) dem Despotismus abschwört: "Erkannt hab' ich, daß nur des Volkes Liebe, Die wahre Stütze sei, für meinen Thron!". (Man vgl. damit das kurz zuvor erschienene Flugblatt: 'An meinen lieben Fritz am 7. Juni 1848: Eine Geisterstimme' (Sf 16/109, Nr. 7))

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Satirische Kommentierung der Verabschiedung des Bürgerwehrgesetzes durch die Preußische Nationalversammlung. Hintergrund: Der Linken war es nicht gelungen, "Landwehr und stehendes Heer in einer allgemeinen Volksbewaffnung aufgehen zu lassen", außerdem "verlor sie durch Auflösung der fliegenden Korps der Studenten, Künstler, Arbeiter und Handwerksgesellen eine ihrer wichtigsten Stützen". [Nitschke 1995, 131]

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Satirische Kommentierung der Rolle der Berliner Bürgerwehr in Form einer Strafpredigt der Madame Bullrich an ihren Gatten Ludewig: Aufgabe der Berliner Bürgerwehr kann es nicht sein, sich dem üblichen militärischen Drill zu unterziehen. Warnung vor offenbaren Bestrebungen, die Bürgerwehr zum Instrument der Reaktion umzufunktionieren

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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Ablehnung der für den 6. August 1848 geplanten Huldigung des preußischen Militärs vor dem Reichsverweser. Diesem stünde es besser an, seinerseits vor dem Monument des Großen Kurfürsten zu huldigen. " ... seit den Ollen Fritzen seine Zeit is des Preußsche Milletär des ausländsche Huldjen nich mehr jewohne". Die Einigung Deutschlands ist ohne Preußen nicht zu denken, Österreich dagegen ist diesem Prozeß eher hinderlich