Surface modification of nylon 6,6 using a carbene insertion approach

The diazirine functionalised fluorenone, 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirin-3-yl]phenyl-9-oxo-9H-fluorene-2-carboxyla te was synthesised to act as a model compound capable of modifying a wide variety of polymeric substrates. Photochemical activation of the diazirine moiety of the fluorenone derivative was utilised to afford highly reactive carbenes capable of insertion into or addition to a wide variety of functionalities. In this paper the photoinduced attachment of a fluorenone derivative to nylon 6,6 has been studied using UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. Incorporation of the fluorenone chromophore onto the backbone of nylon at different loading levels and after different coating cycles has been investigated and is detailed in this paper.

A randomised clinical trial to assess the effect of total enteral and total parenteral nutritional support on metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative markers in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (APACHE II >= 66)

Background: Total enteral nutrition (TEN) within 48 h of admission has recently been shown to be safe and efficacious as part of the management of severe acute pancreatitis. Our aim was to ascertain the safety of immediate TEN in these patients and the effect of TEN on systemic inflammation, psychological state, oxidative stress, plasma glutamine levels and endotoxaemia. Methods: Patients admitted with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (APACHE II score 15) were randomised to total enteral (TEN; n = 8) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN; n = 9). Measurements of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein), fatigue ( visual analogue scale), oxidative stress ( plasma thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances), plasma glutamine and anti-endotoxin IgG and IgM antibody concentrations were made on admission and repeated on days 3 and 7 thereafter. Clinical progress was monitored using APACHE II score. Organ failure and complications were recorded. Results: All patients tolerated the feeding regime well with few nutrition-related complications. Fatigue improved in both groups but more rapidly in the TEN group. Oxidative stress was high on admission and rose by similar amounts in both groups. Plasma glutamine concentrations did not change significantly in either group. In the TPN group, 3 patients developed respiratory failure and 3 developed non-respiratory single organ failure. There were no such complications in the TEN group. Hospital stay was shorter in the TEN group [ 7 (4-14) vs. 10 (7-26) days; p = 0.05] as was time to passing flatus and time to opening bowels [1 (0-2) vs. 2 (1-5) days; p = 0.01]. The cost of TEN was considerably less than of TPN. Conclusion: Immediate institution of nutritional support in the form of TEN is safe in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. It is as safe and as efficacious as TPN and may be beneficial in the clinical course of this disease. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP.

Polipropileno graftizado com metacrilato glicidila como agente compatibilizante em blendas de PP e nylon 6

Neste trabalho foi feito uma avaliação do polipropileno funcionalizado com metacrilato de glicidila (PP-GMA) como agente compatibilizante em blendas reativas de polipropileno e nylon 6. As reações de funcionalização do polipropileno (PP) com metacrilato de glicidila (GMA) foram feitas em estado fundido e os polímeros modificados (PP-GMA) foram utilizados em misturas de PP com nylon 6, para a avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas da blenda. As blendas foram preparadas variando a concentração de nylon 6 e também do agente compatibilizante. Após o estudo da ação da concentração de nylon 6 e do agente compatibilizante nas blendas, foi verificado o comportamento do PP-GMA com diferentes teores de incorporação molar do GMA no polipropileno. Utilizou-se dois tipos de nylon 6, um deles com maior número de terminais carboxílicos, a fim de avaliar o efeito desses grupos na compatibilidade do sistema. As blendas obtidas foram caracterizadas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise das propriedades mecânicas e dinâmico-mecânicas. Os resultados mostraram que a adição do PP-GMA provoca alterações na morfologia das blendas, apresentando uma melhor dispersão e redução no tamanho das partículas dispersas. Além disso, há um aumento nas propriedades mecânicas comparado com as propriedades das blendas não compatibilizadas, que pode ser atribuído a melhor adesão entre as fases para ambos os nylons utilizados neste trabalho. Foi feito estudo comparativo entre as blendas de PP/PP-GMA/Ny6 e PP/PP-MA/Ny6 na proporção de 63/7/30. O efeito do tipo de agente compatibilizante foi caracterizado por calorimetria diferencial de varredura, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise das propriedades mecânicas e dinâmico-mecânicas. Os resultados indicaram que o polipropileno modificado com anidrido maleico (PP-MA) mostrou um melhor efeito compatibilizante nesses sistemas. Ou seja, a interação dos terminais amino do nylon foram mais suscetíveis a ação do grupamento anidrido no PP-MA, do que o grupamento epóxido no PP-GMA.